scholarly journals Household Disinfection Interventions to Prevent Cholera Transmission: Facilitators, Barriers, Training, and Evidence Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Heylen ◽  
Cawo Ali ◽  
Karin Gallandat ◽  
Daniele Lantagne ◽  
Gabrielle String
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
International Level ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Hygiene Promotion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Training Modules ◽  
And Training

There are two common household disinfection interventions to prevent interhousehold transmission of cholera: household spraying, whereby a team disinfects cholera patients’ households, and household disinfection kits (HDKs), whereby cleaning materials are provided to cholera patients’ family members. Currently, both interventions lack evidence, and international agencies recommend HDK distribution; however, household spraying remains widely implemented. To understand this disconnect, we conducted 14 key informant interviews with international and national responders and a study in Haiti assessing HDK efficacy using two training modules including 20 household surveys and 327 surfaces samples before and after cleaning. During interviews, 80% of the international-level informants discussed evidence gaps for both interventions, and 60% preferred HDKs. Conversely, no national-level informants knew what an HDK was; therefore, they all preferred spraying. Informants discussed behavior changes, bleach perceptions, and implementation as facilitators and/or barriers to implementing both interventions. In households, training with demonstrations regarding the use of HDK led to increased reductions of Escherichia coli (P < 0.001) and Vibrio spp. (P < 0.001) on surfaces after participants cleaned the household compared with a hygiene promotion session only. These results emphasize the gap between the current international-level policy and the realities of cholera response programs, highlight the need for evidence to align household disinfection recommendations, and underscore the importance of the dissemination and training of responders and affected populations regarding methods to prevent intrahousehold cholera transmission.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pelatihan Anti-Bullying terhadap Pengetahuan Penanganan Kasus Bullying di Sekolah pada Guru-Guru TK Jakarta

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Aliah Bagus Purwakania Hasan ◽  
Masni Eka Firmiana ◽  
Emmalia Sutiasmita ◽  
Siti Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
School Bullying ◽  
T Test ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Training Modules ◽  
And Training ◽  
Test Result

<p><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Masalah <em>school bullying,</em> atau tindakan kekerasan berulang yang bersifat penghinaan pada korban yang merasa tidak berdaya di sekolah, terlihat terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia dengan frekuensi yang semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul dan pelatihan anti bullying di sekolah, dengan melihat efektivitas pelatihan tersebut di lingkungan guru-guru TK di Jakarta. Untuk mengembangkan modul pelatihan, dilakukan analisis kebutuhan pada  6 orang informan. Untuk melihat efektivitas pelatihan anti bullying dilakukan penelitian yang menggunakan eksperimen semu, dengan rancangan satu kelompok dengan pre dan post test. Sampling dilakukan secara insidental, dengan subjek yang mengikuti pelatihan sejumlah 32 orang. Hasil uji t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan peserta tentang penanganan kasus <em>bullying</em> antara sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan (t=2,723; α=0,05).  Dengan demikian, pelatihan yang meliputi karakteristik bullying, sistem pelaporan, deteksi dini dan sistem penangan di sekolah, masih perlu  dikembangkan. </strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract</em> - <strong>The school bullying, or recurrent acts of violence contempt for the victims who feel helpless at school, was happening in increasing frequency on many parts of the world. This study aims to develop at school anti bullying modules and training, by looking at the effectiveness of the training on kindergarten teachers in Jakarta.  Need analysis were conducted involving six informants to develop training modules.  This research was using quasi- experimental method with one group pre and post test design to see the effectiveness of anti- bullying training. Incidental sampling was performed, with total of 32 subjects who following the training. This experiment t -test result showed significance differences on participants knowledge of how to handle bullying cases before and after training (t=2,723; α=0.05). Therefore, the training covers the characteristics of bullying, reporting systems, early detection and management in school system of school bullying, still needs to be continously develop.</strong></p>

The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Valery Yu. Shepitko ◽  
Mykhaylo V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
International Crime ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Level

The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

scholarly journals Study of challenges to utilise mobile-based health care monitoring systems: A descriptive literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Baniasadi ◽  
Sharareh R Niakan Kalhori ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh ◽  
Somayyeh Zakerabasali ◽  
Marjan Pourmohamadkhan
Keyword(s):  
Process Management ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
National Level ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Health Care Monitoring ◽  
And Training

Mobile health encompasses remote and wireless applications to provide health services. Despite the advantages of applying mobile-based monitoring systems, there are challenges and limitations; understanding the challenges may assist in identifying available solutions and optimising decision-making to apply mHealth technologies more practically. This study aimed to investigate the main challenges related to mHealth-based systems for health monitoring purposes. This review was carried out through investigation of English evidence from four databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, using a defined search strategy from 2013 to 2017. Two independent researchers reviewed the results based on PRISMA guidelines, and data was categorised using a bottom-up approach to reach a framework for the most general challenges. Among the 105 papers obtained, eight works were selected. The revealed challenges were categorised into six main branches across a tree (with 55 nodes, four levels) including user-related, infrastructure, process, management, resource and training challenges. Identifying the resolvable and preventable challenges, such as those related to training, design might play a crucial role in preventing loss of resources and in growing the success rate of a project, particularly if considered in national level projects.

Fistulous-type vein of Galen malformation phantom model for endovascular training and research

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 880-886
Author(s):  
Dan Meila ◽  
Katharina Melber ◽  
Dominik Grieb ◽  
Collin Jacobs ◽  
Heinrich Lanfermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Vein Of Galen ◽  
Vein Of Galen Malformation ◽  
Phantom Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Training

IntroductionVein of Galen malformation (VGM), a high-flow intracranial arteriovenous shunt, is among the most severe neurovascular diseases in childhood. In many cases untreated children die or survive only severely disabled. Endovascular embolization is the preferred treatment.ObjectiveTo develop a simple fistulous-type VGM phantom model for teaching and training of different endovascular treatment methods and to investigate new treatment options and devices.MethodsAn experimental in vitro pulsatile phantom model was developed imitating a high-flow fistulous-type VGM, which is typical, especially in the neonatal phase. Pressure measurements at different arterial sites were performed before and after closure of the VGM. Closure of the VGM was achieved by coiling using a combined microcatheter-based transvenous and transarterial approach called ‘kissing microcatheter technique’.ResultsThe behaviour of the phantom model in vitro under fluoroscopy and under angiographic runs was extremely similar to that in in vivo conditions in children. The results showed that intra-arterial pressures changed and increased statistically significantly at all measurement sites after embolization, as in human arteriovenous malformation. We also demonstrated different and complementary visualizations of hemodynamics and angioarchitecture by antegrade and retrograde microcatheter injections.ConclusionsOur phantom model behaves like a typical fistulous-type VGM and can be used in vitro for teaching and training and for further research. It offers a new and better understanding of hemodynamics and angioarchitecture in the endovascular management of VGM.

scholarly journals The Effects of Education and Training Given to Phlebotomists for Reducing Preanalytical Errors

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Demet Arslan ◽  
Inanc Karakoyun ◽  
Banu Isbilen Basok ◽  
Merve Zeytinli Aksit ◽  
Esma Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
And Training

SummaryBackground:The most common sources of error in the preanalytical phase are considered to be at the stage of patient preparation and sample collection. In order to reduce the preanalytical errors, we aimed to determine the level of phlebotomists knowledge about the preanalytic phase before and after planned trainings in the study.Methods:Training about preanalytical processes was given to the 454 health professionals and the majority of them were employed as nurse. Questionnaires before and after training were conducted. In order to assess the effect of the training into the process, preanalytical error rates were calculated before and after training.Results:The total correct answer rates of vocational school of health diplomaed were statistically lower than the total correct answer rates of other. It was observed significantly increase in the rate of correct answers to questionnaire and significantly decrease in preanalytical error rates after training.Conclusions:The results of the survey showed that the attitudes of the phlebotomists were diverse in the preanalytical processes according to the levels of education and their practices. By providing training to all staff on a regular basis, their information about preanalytical phase could be updated and hence, it may possible to significantly reduce the preanalytical errors in health practice and nursing science.

scholarly journals Irina Oberländer-Târnoveanu, Patrimoniul arheologic național: politici, documentare, acces / The National Archaeological Heritage: Policies, Documentation, Access

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-36
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
National Databases

Documentation of archaeological heritage is a fundamental tool for understanding and protection. Although we have a number of laws, conventions and recommendations to protect heritage at national, European and international level, their application in practice is not easy anywhere. Since 2000, The Romanian Ministry of Culture and CIMEC – The Institute for Cultural Memory (now a Department in the National Heritage Institute, since July 1, 2011) developed national databases for archaeological documentation, including sites, investigations and reports. By the end of 2013, there are three main archaeological databases at national level, all available online. The last 12 years means a great progress in regulating modern archaeology in Romania, agreeing national legislation with European and international ones, providing of tools and responses to the challenges of reality, primarily immediate threat to the archaeological heritage.

scholarly journals Needle Stick and Sharp Injuries Among Healthcare Workers: A retrospective six-year study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rami Saadeh ◽  
Khaled Khairallah ◽  
Hussein Abozeid ◽  
Lama Al Rashdan ◽  
Mahmoud Alfaqih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
National Level ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Job Title ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
And Training

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the proportion of needle stick and sharp injuries (NSSIs) among healthcare workers at King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), Amman, Jordan. Methods: All NSSI reports referred from departments at KHMC to the Preventive Medicine Department between 2013–2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Proportion of NSSIs were calculated and stratified according to age, gender, job title, place and site of injury and the procedure/task during which the injury occurred. Results: There were a total of 393 NSSIs. A significant association was found between the proportion of NSSIs and all tested variables (P <0.001). The reported proportion of NSSIs was highest among nurses (39.7%) followed by cleaners (36.3%), physicians (10.4%), other workers (7.4%) and lab technicians (5.9%) during the study’s six-year period. Hospital wards were the most common locations (46.1%) where injuries took place. Injuries also occurred most frequently during medical waste collection (38.2%). Conclusion: The proportion of NSSIs was highest among nurses and cleaners. Safety policies and training among high-risk groups should be reviewed to reduce the risk of NSSIs. Multicentre studies at a national level should be conducted to examine whether this study’s findings reflect national trends.Keywords: Needlestick Injuries; Safety; Self Report; Nurses; Accident Prevention; Jordan.

scholarly journals The Future of International Statistical Data Sharing and New Issues of Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
O. E. Bashina ◽  
N. A. Komkova ◽  
L. V. Matraeva ◽  
V. E. Kosolapova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Metadata Generation

The article deals with challenges and prospects of implementation of the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) standard and using it in the international sharing of statistical data and metadata. The authors identified potential areas where this standard can be used, described a mechanism for data and metadata sharing according to SDMX standard. Major issues classified into three groups - general, statistical, information technology - were outlined by applying both domestic and foreign experience of implementation of the standard. These issues may arise at the national level (if the standard is implemented domestically), at the international level (when the standard is applied by international organizations), and at the national-international level (if the information is exchanged between national statistical data providers and international organizations). General issues arise at the regulatory level and are associated with establishing boundaries of responsibility of counterpart organizations at all three levels of interaction, as well as in terms of increasing the capacity to apply the SDMX standard. Issues of statistical nature are most often encountered due to the sharing of large amounts of data and metadata related to various thematic areas of statistics; there should be a unified structure of data and metadata generation and transmission. With the development of information sharing, arise challenges and issues associated with continuous monitoring and expanding SDMX code lists. At the same time, there is a lack of a universal data structure at the international level and, as a result, it is difficult to understand and apply at the national level the existing data structures developed by international organizations. Challenges of information technology are related to creating an IT infrastructure for data and metadata sharing using the SDMX standard. The IT infrastructure (depending on the participant status) includes the following elements: tools for the receiving organizations, tools for sending organization and the infrastructure for the IT professionals. For each of the outlined issues, the authors formulated some practical recommendations based on the complexity principle as applied to the implementation of the international SDMX standard for the exchange of data and metadata.

scholarly journals Kepentingan Dan Peran Aktor Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Pulau Pahawang Kecamatan Marga Punduh Kabupaten Pesawaran

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Iga Yulia Mustika ◽  
Asihing Kustanti ◽  
Rudi Hilmanto
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Biodiversity Education ◽  
Fire Wood

Mangrove forest has physical, biological/ecological and social-economics functions. Mangrove forest at Pulau Pahawang Village, Marga Punduh, Subdistrict Pesawaran has many functions which causes many interest of actors. This research was aimed to identify and maping the role of actors interest. This research was conducted on August until October 2015, by using key informant namely agencies village, local communities, public figure, related department and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO).             The result showed that there was six important aspect namely the existence of the green belt, kind of variety (biodiversity), education facilities, fire wood, non-timber forest product, and tourist facilities. Pulau Pahawang Village has three quadrant matrix interest, quadrant subject has State Ministry of The Environment. Quadrant keyplayers has Department of Forestry and Estate Crops, Mangrove Protected Area Management Agency (BPDPM), and Mitra Bentala as NGOs. Quadrant crowd has Development Planning Agency in Sub-National Level, Land Agency, Department of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs, Regional House of Representatives, and local. Keyword : actor interest, mangrove forest, Pulau Pahawang, role of actor

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