A Techno-Economic Analysis of PEV Battery Second Use: Repurposed-Battery Selling Price and Commercial and Industrial End-User Value

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Utilization through Gasification Technology for Sustainable Energy Production and Economic Development in Nigeria

Journal of Energy ◽

10.1155/2018/4860252 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gbeminiyi M. Sobamowo ◽

Sunday J. Ojolo

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Biomass Gasification ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Selling Price ◽

Gasification Technology

Nigeria has not been able to provide enough electric power to her about 200 million people. The last effort by the federal government to generate 6000 MW power by the end of 2009 failed. Even with the available less than 6000 MW of electricity generated in the country, only about 40% of the population have access to the electricity from the National Grid, out of which, urban centers have more than 80% accessibility while rural areas, which constitute about 70% of the total population, have less than 20% of accessibility to electricity. This paper addresses the possibility of meeting the energy demand in Nigeria through biomass gasification technology. The techno-economic analysis of biomass energy is demonstrated and the advantages of the biomass gasification technology are presented. Following the technical analysis, Nigeria is projected to have total potential of biomass of about 5.5 EJ in 2020 which has been forecast to increase to about 29.8 EJ by 2050. Based on a planned selling price of $0.727/kWh, the net present value of the project was found to be positive, the cost benefit ratio is greater than 1, and the payback period of the project is 10.14 years. These economic indicators established the economic viability of the project at the given cost. However, economic analysis shows a selling price of $0.727/kWh. Therefore, the capital investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and fuel cost can be reduced through the development of the gasification system using local materials, purposeful and efficient plantation of biomass for the energy generation, giving out of financial incentives by the government to the investors, and locating the power plant very close to the source of feedstock generation.

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Economic analysis of up-to-date sour cherry or in Hungary

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/14/1-2./789 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2.) ◽

Author(s):

F. Apáti

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

High Standard ◽

Production Costs ◽

Major Portion ◽

Selling Price ◽

Average Yield ◽

Direct Production ◽

Personal Cost ◽

Profit Analysis

In this study cost-profit analysis is carried out to up-to-date Hungarian sour cherry orchards. These orchards cover only 1 to 3 thousand hectares from the sour cherry territory of 16 thousand hectares. In a many-year-average a yield of 15 tons per hectare may be reached in up-to-date sour cherry orchards cultivated under high standard conditions. Per hectare direct production costs take up of approximately 1000 thousand HUF, from which the major portion (60%) is accounted for the personal cost of harvesting. Regarding the above mentioned average yield and a selling price of 100 HUF per kilogram a revenue of 1 500 thousand HUF may be realized, which results in a per hectare contribution of 500 thousand HUF. To sum up, regarding the present extremely unfavourable selling price only reaching an average yield of 15 to 20 tons per hectare may lead to appropriate profit.

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Economic Analysis of a New Business for Liposome Manufacturing Using a High-Pressure System

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8121604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1604

Author(s):

Paolo Trucillo ◽

Roberta Campardelli ◽

Silvia Iuorio ◽

Paolo De Stefanis ◽

Ernesto Reverchon

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Selling Price ◽

Personnel Cost ◽

Pressure System ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Payback Time ◽

New Business ◽

Return On Sales

Supercritical assisted Liposome formation (SuperLip) is a lab-scale process for the production of liposomes. SuperLip was recognized as being a versatile supercritical assisted technique for the encapsulation of molecules for different industrial applications, such as pharmaceutic, cosmetic, textile, and nutraceutic purposes. The aim of this work was to perform an economic analysis to assess the profitability of the SuperLip process. The liposomes market was analyzed and the SuperLip process was compared to other techniques in terms of manufacturing advantages using the Canvas and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Treats (S.W.O.T.) models. SuperLip Plant Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) were estimated, and plant Operating Expenditures (OPEX) were also evaluated and integrated with personnel cost and other plant goods and services. A profit and loss statement was generated, together with a cash flow analysis. According to the market average selling price, liposome price is 1.8 €/mL; in order to join the market rapidly, the selling price of liposomes produced using SuperLip was set at 1.1 €/mL. A payback time has been identified at the fourth year of business. Economic indexes such as ROI and ROS were calculated on a 10-year business prospect, obtaining about a 230% return on investment and a 26.7% return on sales.

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Second use or recycling of hydrogen waste gas from the semiconductor industry - Economic analysis and technical demonstration of possible pathways

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (31) ◽

pp. 17168-17184 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Rochlitz ◽

M. Steinberger ◽

R. Oechsner ◽

A. Weber ◽

S. Schmitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Semiconductor Industry ◽

Waste Gas ◽

Second Use

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Plant By-Product Valorization: Exploring Market Opportunities with Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass Production

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation6040099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Gülru Bulkan ◽

Jorge A. Ferreira ◽

Karthik Rajendran ◽

Mohammad J. Taherzadeh

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Base Case ◽

Selling Price ◽

Food Markets ◽

Human Food ◽

Protein Rich ◽

By Products

The feasibility of dry-grind bioethanol plants is extremely dependent on selling prices of ethanol and by-products, known as Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and sold as animal feed. Increasing the amount and quality of the by-products can widen potential feed and food markets and improve the process economy and robustness to price fluctuations of ethanol and grain. In this study, the techno-economic analysis of a bioethanol plant was investigated. Integration of edible filamentous fungi into the process leading to the conversion of sidestreams into ethanol and protein-rich fungal biomass for food and feed applications was considered, and its impact was investigated. Sensitivity analysis considered variations on process capacity, on the price of grain and ethanol, and on the price of fungal biomass considering its use for various animal feed (e.g., pig and fish) and human food markets. Selling the fungal biomass in the human food market resulted in 5.56 times higher NPV (net present value) than the base case bioethanol plant after 20 years. Integration of a low-performing strain towards ethanol, followed by the usage of the fungal biomass in the food sector, was found to be the most resistant scenario to the low ethanol selling price and increasing grain price. This study showed that the competitiveness of ethanol plants in the fuel market could be reinforced while meeting the increasing demand for protein sources.

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Second Use Value of China’s New Energy Vehicle Battery: A View Based on Multi-Scenario Simulation

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12010341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Yingqi Liu ◽

Beibei Pang ◽

Bingxiang Sun ◽

Ari Kokko

Keyword(s):

System Dynamics ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Use Value ◽

Scenario Simulation ◽

New Energy ◽

New Energy Vehicle ◽

Battery Energy ◽

The Cost ◽

Battery Second Use ◽

Second Use

Nowadays, many countries are actively seeking ways to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. New Energy Vehicle (NEV) has become an important way to solve these problems. With the rapid development of NEV, its batteries need to be replaced with new batteries after 5–8 years. Therefore, whether the second use of NEV’s battery has commercial or social value becomes a research hotspot. The innovation of this paper is to use the cost-benefit method to determine the value influencing factors of NEV’s battery second use, and use system dynamics to perform scenario simulation analysis. The methods used in this paper are the cost-benefit method and system dynamics method. Firstly, this paper systematically analyzes the cost and benefit factors that affect the second use value of China’s NEV batteries and uses system dynamics to establish the relationship and value model among various factors. Then, this paper compares the value of battery energy storage between old batteries and new batteries. According to the cost-income factor analysis, this paper eventually selects specific factors and uses VENSIM software to carry out the multi-scenario simulation. The results show that NEV’s battery second use has commercial and social value compared to new battery energy storage. Moreover, battery cost, government subsidies, and electricity prices are three important factors that affect the second use value of China’s NEV battery. Changing the government’s cash subsidy methods, such as providing free batteries or combining new energy to reduce on-grid tariffs, will help increase the second use value of the NEV battery. In the future, the second use value of China’s NEV battery industry will be more significant, with the update of the technology, the surge in the number of NEV’s used batteries, and government support.

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