Unsettled Economic, Environmental, and Health Issues of Ammonia for Automotive Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Kolodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
Fuel Selection ◽  
Safety Perception ◽  
Limited Supply ◽  
Environmental And Health Issues

Ammonia has been previously trialed as an automotive fuel; however, it was hardly competitive with fossil fuels in terms of cost, energy density, and practicality. However, due to climate change, those practical and cost-related parameters have finally become secondary deciding factors in fuel selection. Ammonia is safer than most fuels and it offers superior energy densities compared to compressed or liquefied hydrogen. It is believed that ammonia might be an ultimate clean fuel choice and an extension to the emerging hydrogen economy. Unsettled Economic, Environmental, and Health Issues of Ammonia for Automotive Applications examines the major unsettled issues of using ammonia as a clean automotive fuel alternative, including the lack of regulations and standards for automotive applications, technology readiness, safety perception, and presently limited supply. While ammonia as a fuel is still in its infancy, identifying and addressing these challenges early could enable a safe and smooth transition.

scholarly journals 13.D. Workshop: SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental And Health Issues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This workshop is dedicated on SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues, as very important and actual topic. One of the characteristics of today's societies is the significant availability of modern technologies. Over 5 billion (about 67%) people have a cellphone today. More than 4.5 billion people worldwide use the Internet, close to 60% of the total population. At the same time, one third of the people in the world does not have access to safe drinking water and half of the population does not have access to safe sanitation. The WHO at UN warns of severe inequalities in access to water and hygiene. Air, essential to life, is a leading risk due to ubiquitous pollution and contributes to the global disease burden (7 million deaths per year). Air pollution is a consequence of traffic and industry, but also of demographic trends and other human activities. Food availability reflects global inequality, famine eradication being one of the SDGs. The WHO warns of the urgency. As technology progresses, social inequality grows, the gap widens, and the environment continues to suffer. Furthermore, the social environment in societies is “ruffled” and does not appear to be beneficial toward well-being. New inequalities are emerging in the availability of technology, climate change, education. The achievement reports on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also point out to the need of reviewing individual indicators. According to the Sustainable Development Agenda, one of the goals is to reduce inequalities, and environmental health is faced by several specific goals. The Global Burden of Disease is the most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological levels and trends worldwide. It is the product of a global research collaborative and quantifies the impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries around the world. This workshop will also discuss Urban Health as a Complex System in the light of SDGs. Climate Change, Public Health impacts and the role of the new digital technologies is also important topic which is contributing to SDG3, improving health, to SDG4, allowing to provide distance health education at relatively low cost and to SDG 13, by reducing the CO2 footprint. Community Engagement can both empower vulnerable populations (so reducing inequalities) and identify the prior environmental issues to be addressed. The aim was to search for public health programs using Community Engagement tools in healthy environment building towards achievement of SDGs. Key messages Health professionals are involved in the overall process of transformation necessary to achieve the SDGs. Health professionals should be proactive and contribute to the transformation leading to better health for the environment, and thus for the human population.

Informal Recycling In Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hart
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Informal Recycling ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Environmental And Health Issues ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

The topic of my research is informal recycling with a focus on developing nations. Scavengers are considered people who sort through garbage but not through an organization. There is a negative stigma that is associated with this type of lifestyle. The discussion will explore the benefits of organized informal recycling programs in countries such as Brazil and Nigeria. When informal recycling becomes organized jobs are created allowing for more residents to become employed. Some of the benefits of informal recycling include reducing the volume of waste, the life span of disposal sites is increased as well it helps reduce the amount of methane produced. These programs also allow for certain materials to be discovered which can easily be reused. For example, there are metals that can be sorted through and ultimately sold to companies. Another example would be the organics from the garbage are used in order to support pig farms. This decreases the cost of production for the pig farmers, which allows them a larger profit margin. Also, social, economic, environmental and health issues will be discussed in further detail. Finally, terms will be defined to allow a better understanding of the informal recycling world and how it operates.

Comparative Analysis on Characteristics of Gasoline & Gasoline Methanol Blend

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Venkata Kalyan Chivukula ◽  
M.V. Aditya Nag
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Positive Properties ◽  
High Octane

Researchers, environmentalists, and policy makers are keen to reduce the dependency on use of fossil fuels towards climate change. Various alternatives are being implemented for alternate sources of energy for transportation sector; Biofuels can reduce the dependency on the import of the fossil fuels. Different kind of biofuels are available compositions are alcohols, ethers, esters etc. Commonly available biofuels are ethanol, methanol and biodiesel. They can be produced from various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical processes. Methanol has been gaining momentum as a potential alternative for traditional fossil fuels in transportation sector. There is an increased trend in the development of methanol as a fuel around the world. This paper deals with the study of the use of methanol as an automotive fuel. Methanol has certain positive properties on the vehicle’s performance. However, methanol cannot be used directly as a fuel in the vehicles due to volatility and compatibility issues. But it could be used as a blend with the gasoline for its characteristics such as high octane number and lower emissions. Blending of methanol with gasoline will have affect on the properties of blend, this paper discusses about the change in properties and its effects on engine.

scholarly journals IUPAC Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Gomollón-Bel Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract IUPAC thrives to boost the impact of chemistry around the world. Recently, it established a new initiative—the Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry—to showcase the tremendous importance of the chemical sciences by highlighting developments on the verge of becoming game-changing commercial breakthroughs [1]. Some have been truly transformational for our society, such as RNA vaccines and rapid tests, both key technologies to enable a smooth transition to the new normal after the COVID-19 pandemic. This year, the Top Ten efforts continue—featuring a brand-new logo and further actions to disseminate and promote the project beyond this publication. The new selection of emerging technologies gathers both well-established, high-technology readiness level (TRL) applications and ground-breaking opportunities for the chemical industry. Of course, many of them still address the ongoing coronavirus crisis, focusing on new pharmaceutical solutions to prevent the spread of pathogens like SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, many tackle the climate crisis and provide new roadmaps to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [2]. The consequences of global warming are here—heatwaves, floods, and wildfires devastate our planet constantly. Chemistry will provide pivotal tools towards a sustainable future [3], many included in this singular selection. IUPAC experts have selected the Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry 2021—ten ideas to catalyse industrial innovations and transform our world.

Communities self-sufficient in fuels for humans,transport and electrical needs

2011 ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Peter Charles Jais
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World

In view of the present problems facing the world with respect to fossil fuels (pollution and global warming, availability and price), the possibility was studied of a small community becoming self-sufficient in sugar, automotive fuel (ethanol) and electricity, all from renewable biomass (sugarcane). The study was carried out, based on a real project that is presently installed on similar lines. The fuel needs of a community of 100,000 people were quantified in terms of sugar, ethanol, and electricity. A mass and energy balance was calculated to determine the amounts of cane and trash needed to produce the sugar, ethanol and electricity by generation and cogeneration. The results showed that 100 t of cane per hour can supply sufficient sugar and electrical energy for a community of 100,000 people and run their cars on 96% (by volume) ethanol (no mix with gasoline) and still be able to export surplus ethanol. The self-sufficiency is for the whole year and not only the crop period. The overall results show that, when compared with the importation of ‘fuels’, the project is positive.

scholarly journals Bang for the Buck

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (05) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kreith
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Potential System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

This article focuses on the need to develop alternatives to fossil fuels for present-day and future energy systems. The direction of energy research ought to be toward material science that can extend the life and lower the cost of renewable energy systems, rather than toward highly theoretical analyses that have over-the-horizon payoffs. Additionally, the planning for a smooth transition from fossil based to sustainable energy must include a side-by-side analysis of the economics as well as the energy return on energy investment (EROI) of each potential system. The EROI analysis would ensure the long-term viability of the technology, and the commercial analysis would show how much the system will cost and, thereby, provide an estimate of the money required for the installation in the transition period. The transition from the oil- and coal-based economy to a sustainably based future is not expected to be easy; however, taking advantage of the low-hanging fruit of conservation and energy efficiency will make that transition easier and much less painful.

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