Comparative Analysis on Characteristics of Gasoline & Gasoline Methanol Blend

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Venkata Kalyan Chivukula ◽  
M.V. Aditya Nag
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Positive Properties ◽  
High Octane

Researchers, environmentalists, and policy makers are keen to reduce the dependency on use of fossil fuels towards climate change. Various alternatives are being implemented for alternate sources of energy for transportation sector; Biofuels can reduce the dependency on the import of the fossil fuels. Different kind of biofuels are available compositions are alcohols, ethers, esters etc. Commonly available biofuels are ethanol, methanol and biodiesel. They can be produced from various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical processes. Methanol has been gaining momentum as a potential alternative for traditional fossil fuels in transportation sector. There is an increased trend in the development of methanol as a fuel around the world. This paper deals with the study of the use of methanol as an automotive fuel. Methanol has certain positive properties on the vehicle’s performance. However, methanol cannot be used directly as a fuel in the vehicles due to volatility and compatibility issues. But it could be used as a blend with the gasoline for its characteristics such as high octane number and lower emissions. Blending of methanol with gasoline will have affect on the properties of blend, this paper discusses about the change in properties and its effects on engine.

scholarly journals Tourism, Transport and Climate Change: The Carbon Footprint of International Air Traffic on Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Pedro Dorta Antequera ◽  
Jaime Díaz Pacheco ◽  
Abel López Díez ◽  
Celia Bethencourt Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
The World

Many small islands base their economy on tourism. This activity, based to a large extent on the movement of millions of people by air transport, depends on the use of fossil fuels and, therefore, generates a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this work, these emissions are evaluated by means of various carbon calculators, taking the Canary Islands as an example, which is one of the most highly developed tourist archipelagos in the world. The result is that more than 6.4 million tonnes (Mt) of CO2 are produced per year exclusively due to the massive transport of tourists over an average distance of more than 3000 km. The relative weight of these emissions is of such magnitude that they are equivalent to more than 50% of the total amount produced by the socioeconomic activity of the archipelago. Although, individually, it is travelers from Russia and Nordic countries who generate the highest carbon footprint due to their greater traveling distance, the British and German tourists account for the greatest weight in the total, with two-thirds of emissions.

Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mason
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Main Attraction

Climate change poses a major threat to almost all forms of human activity on earth, including tourism. As Holden (2016: 227) argues: Of all the challenges facing tourism’s relationship with nature, it is not an exaggeration to state that climate change represents the greatest. Holden gives as his rationale for this statement that it is the stability and predictability of climate that is vital for the environments and ecosystems that are required for the continuation of current types of tourism, whether these are the traditional form of mass tourism, in terms of ‘sun, sea and sand’ holidays, or a niche activity which involves visiting a tropical rain forest with rare flora and fauna as the main attraction. Climate change also presents opportunities for tourism. If areas currently experiencing cool winters and mild summers get warmer, then new types of tourism may be possible including beach-based holidays where at present these are of little importance. Climate change is likely to lead to modifications in the weather at different times of the year so ‘seasonality’ which is currently a very important dimension to many forms of tourism will be affected, probably to the extent that seasons when there is high tourism activity will get longer in some parts of the world. Although tourism is likely to be significantly affected by climate change, it has also contributed to climate change through for example the burning of fossil fuels in transport for tourism as well through the use of power in hotel accommodation.

scholarly journals Etyczno-prawne aspekty (nie)odpowiedzialności klimatyczne

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
aleksandra Dziubińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Insurance

Climate change has intensifi ed in recent years. The resulting climatic disasters are no longer a distant future, but a diffi cult reality. This subject has been un-derestimated for too long. The aim of this article is to highlight our ineptitude and the mistakes we have made as tenants of this planet, and to fi nd and analyse solutions that would be most eff ective and at the same time most benefi cial to the most disadvantaged. The climate change was caused by man, among others through the burning of fossil fuels, intensive farming, or clearing and burning forests. Mainly a man who lives in highly developer part of the world. The con-sequences of climate change, such as the rise in average temperatures, rising sea and ocean levels, and weather extremes aff ect mainly underdeveloped regions, which due to their diffi cult economic situation, have in fact contributed least to change. The Paris Agreement recognised that losses and damage resulting from weather extremes are indeed caused by climate change. Unfortunately, it was also made clear that countries aff ected by such damage have no right to claim damages for this reason. The problem is being tackled by insurance companies that off er climate risk insurance, as well as climate lawsuits.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Nigerian Ecosystems: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-291
Author(s):  
B. E. Ikumbur ◽  
S. Iornumbe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is the single biggest environmental issue facing the world today. It has become a great challenge to our generation and its impact is felt in almost every society in the world. Nigeria is one of the most vulnerable countries in Africa. Nigeria as a developing nation with a population of about 200 million people is likely to be adversely impacted by climate change due to its vulnerability and low coping capabilities. Climate change is evidently linked to human actions, and in particular from the burning of fossil fuels and changes in global patterns of land use. The impacts of human activities, as well as those of natural phenomena on global warming, climate change, and the environment, were presented and discussed. Various manifestations of its impact are evident in Nigeria, which includes temperature rise, increase in draught, and scarcity of food instigated by irregularities in rainfall, over flooding, and so on. This paper examines the concepts of global warming and climate change; its impact on the Nigeria ecosystems. It highlights the climate change-related risks and hazards the nation could face if best practices are not employed to prevent and mitigate its impact. Two sets of measures have been advocated for confronting climate change, these are mitigation and adaptation measures. The review explores possible adaptation strategies that are required to respond to the climatic variations and suggests ways that these adaptation strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Algaeculture: An Alternative to Solving Energy Sustainability Crises in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ojo-Awo Adeyinka ◽  
A. Phillip
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Oil

There is an impending need to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in these areas of the world considering the ever depleting conventional oil resources and climate change, induced by greenhouse gas emissions. Algae are currently being prompted as a potential next generation bioenergy feedstock due to the fact that they do not compete with food or feed crops. They also produce much higher areal oil yields than the current agricultural crops. They can be produced on barren lands and have broad bioenergy potentials as they can be used to produce liquid transportation and heating fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol, or anaerobically digested to produce biogas. Algae are fast growing organisms capable of fixing high amount of carbondioxide through photosynthesis to produce biomass. Diverse technologies are currently being pursued to produce algae for bioenergy applications. The successful culture of algae could serve as a solution to the impending energy crises in both developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Peran NGO dalam Dinamika Isu Perubahan Iklim di Afrika

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Stevie Leonard Harison
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Sectors

Climate change has become one of the most challenging issues for the international system in this 21st century because its negative impact has been founded in every regions in the world. One of those is Africa with its far-lagged behind and poorer performance in political, economic, and social sectors than any other parts of the world. This article tries to analyze the ongoing process of the creation of good governance in Africa's climate change dynamics. In Africa, the progress of civil society activism is predicted to be more important factor than the policy outcome from its government in making good governance. In this context, the rise of civil society should be better understood as being an equal partner than a competitor to the policy-makers to have more intensive cooperation and collaboration to solve the urgent climate problems in Africa at present.

scholarly journals Design Development and Analysis of Future Reliable Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Milan Motta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Do So

Universal climate change has already had noticeable effects on the environment. Net damage costs of climate change are likely to be considerable and to swell over time and emissions from transportation sector and use of fossil fuels in this scenario is just like adding fuel to fire. This work is a small effort made not only to portray the development of future reliable technologies in eVehicle that provides a cleaner solution with less carbon footprint but also to explain and establish the importance of the eVehicle as the most efficient and clean means of transportation with the help of plan and performance analysis. This paper presents the detailed analysis of different components of Battery operated eVehicle. The proposed EV Design addresses issues like range, drive train efficiency, fast exploration of higher system voltages ,charging times and reduced vehicle weight and tries to develop it as an option that is significantly safe, energy efficient, environmentally-friendly and easily controllable and to do so design, analysis and MATLAB simulation is carried out on battery operated eVehicle. As a BEV has a complex structure for analysis a realistic model is considered the accuracy simulation results are verified with theoretical outcome.

scholarly journals TENDENCY OF GLOBAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE WORLD IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Karabegović
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The World

It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.

Communities self-sufficient in fuels for humans,transport and electrical needs

2011 ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Peter Charles Jais
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World

In view of the present problems facing the world with respect to fossil fuels (pollution and global warming, availability and price), the possibility was studied of a small community becoming self-sufficient in sugar, automotive fuel (ethanol) and electricity, all from renewable biomass (sugarcane). The study was carried out, based on a real project that is presently installed on similar lines. The fuel needs of a community of 100,000 people were quantified in terms of sugar, ethanol, and electricity. A mass and energy balance was calculated to determine the amounts of cane and trash needed to produce the sugar, ethanol and electricity by generation and cogeneration. The results showed that 100 t of cane per hour can supply sufficient sugar and electrical energy for a community of 100,000 people and run their cars on 96% (by volume) ethanol (no mix with gasoline) and still be able to export surplus ethanol. The self-sufficiency is for the whole year and not only the crop period. The overall results show that, when compared with the importation of ‘fuels’, the project is positive.

Tackling Climate Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
F Stuart Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
The World ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Rapid climate change affects both nature and society. This chapter describes actions that people can take to understand and minimize climate change. Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels account for about two-thirds of the energy imbalance that causes Earth’s climate to warm. People born this century will probably experience more climate warming during their lifetimes than has been seen by all of humanity since the beginning of major human civilizations. Climate warming causes increased flooding in wet climates and more frequent droughts and wildfires in dry climates. Rising sea level and more frequent intense storms contribute to more coastal flooding. Climate warming can be slowed by reducing fossil-fuel emissions and by protecting and restoring forests and wetlands. Discussions with others can increase society’s awareness of climate change. More than 9,000 communities around the world have already developed climate action plans to reduce rates of climate warming.

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