Psychological and Physiological Response of Students to Different Types of Stress Management Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. e149-e158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia L. Iglesias ◽  
Sergio Azzara ◽  
Juan Carlos Argibay ◽  
María Lores Arnaiz ◽  
María de Valle Carpineta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Imagery Techniques

Purpose. To design, implement, and examine the psychoneuroendocrine responses of three different types of stress management programs. Design. Randomly assigned. A pre/post experimental design comparing variables between three different programs and a control group. The first program included training in deep breathing, relaxation response, meditation, and guided imagery techniques (RRGI). The second program included training in cognitive behavioral techniques (CB). The third program included both RRGI and CB (RRGICB). Setting. The study was conducted at Buenos Aires University. Subjects. Participants (N = 52) were undergraduate students. Measures. Anxiety, anger, hopelessness, neuroticism, respiration rate, and salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Analysis. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to investigate differences in pre and post variables. Results. Subjects in the RRGI group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (p < .011), anger (p < .012), neuroticism (p < .01), respiratory rate (p < .002), hopelessness (p < .01), and salivary cortisol (p < .002) after the treatment. Subjects in the CB group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (p < .018), anger (p < .037), and neuroticism (p < .03) after the treatment. Subjects in the RRGICB group showed significantly lower levels of anxiety (p < .001), anger (p < .001), neuroticism (p < .008), hopelessness (p < .01), respiratory rate (p < .001), and salivary cortisol (p < .002) after the treatment. Subjects in the control group showed only one variable modification, a significant increase in cortisol levels (p < .004). Conclusions. The combination of deep breathing, relaxation response, meditation, and guided imagery techniques with CB seems to be effective at helping people to deal with stress.

Relaxation Increases Salivary Immunoglobulin a

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Green ◽  
Marsha L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coping Skill ◽  
Relaxation Methods ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

While research indicates that high stress may be immunosuppressive, little is known about the effects of relaxation on the immune system. To determine whether relaxation is immunoenhancing, 50 volunteer college students were randomly assigned to one of four relaxation methods (Benson's relaxation response, guided visualization, massage, lying quietly with eyes closed, or a touching-control group). Salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and salivary Cortisol levels were recorded before and after one 20-min. relaxation session. Subjects in the relaxation response, visualization, and massage groups showed a significant increase in S-IgA concentrations from the before to the after relaxation samples. Also, post-relaxation S-IgA concentrations were significantly higher in the relaxation response, visualization, and massage groups than in the touching-control group. Salivary Cortisol did not change significantly. These data suggest that one component of the immune system, S-IgA, may be enhanced by the practice of a coping skill such as relaxation.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol responses to acute stress in students with myofascial pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Bozovic ◽  
Nedeljka Ivkovic ◽  
Maja Racic ◽  
Sinisa Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Introduction/Objective. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the appearance of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system. The aims of this study were to evaluate the salivary cortisol levels in students with chronic myofascial pain (MFP) related to TMD during oral exam, as well as to analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol levels, TMD-related MFP, the level of anxiety, depression symptoms, somatization, and perceived stress. Methods. The study included 60 university students, who were allocated either into the group of students with MFP (n = 30) or into the control group of healthy students (n = 30). The level of salivary cortisol was measured on the exam day and during the control day when the students had no exams. Depression symptoms, somatization, perceived stress and anxiety were evaluated according to Axis II RDC/TMD, Perceived Stress Scale and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. Levels of salivary cortisol were significantly higher in the group of students with MFP in all phases of measurements compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Students with MFP also showed significantly higher depression symptoms, somatization, and trait anxiety scores than the control group. No significant group differences were found on the scales measuring state anxiety and perceived stress. The level of salivary cortisol was found to be in correlation with depression symptoms, state anxiety, and perceived stress, but not with chronic pain, somatization, and trait anxiety in students with TMD. Conclusion. Salivary cortisol could be an important indicator of psychological distress in TMD.

Cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Resende Camargos ◽  
Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo ◽  
Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Mariana Aguiar de Matos ◽  
Katherine Simone Caires Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe salivary circadian diurnal cortisol plays an important role in growth and development. Inappropriate levels may induce changes associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life. It is unknown if there are differences in cortisol secretion pattern between overweight/obese infants when compared with theirs peers in infancy. Thus, this study aimed to compare the salivary cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants.MethodsThirty-three (overweight/obese = 17 and normal weight = 16) infants between 6 and 24 months of age had saliva samples collected upon awakening (T1), 30 min after waking (T2), at 12:00 am or before the baby’s meal (T3), and prior to bedtime (T4). Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays were used for cortisol analyses.ResultsSalivary cortisol levels were similar between the groups: T1 (p = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.65, 1.37), T2 (p = 0.24; 95% CI: −8.23, 2.17), T3 (p = 0.95; 95% CI: −3.16, 2.96), and T4 (p = 0.81; 95% CI: −1.39, 1.08); and no differences were observed between area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.80; 95% CI: −4.58–13.66). The cortisol level reduced in T4 (95% CI: 1.35–2.96) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.15–8.49) and T2 in the overweight/obese group (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 6.02–11.04). In the normal-weight group, the cortisol reduced in T3 (95% CI: 2.86–8.18) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.64–12.28) and decreased until T4 (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.25–3.37).ConclusionsThe overweight/obese infant group presented a different pattern of cortisol secretion, although cortisol levels did not differ between the control group.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Cortisol Levels and Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Functions in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and without Stress – A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sachin nil ◽  
Savita AM ◽  
Sunil S ◽  
Tejashwini MA ◽  
Archana Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Peripheral Blood Neutrophil ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Background and aim: Development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is related to the presence of periopathogenic bacteria and several other conditions including stress. In the successful management of chronic periodontitis, early detection of psychological stress plays a crucial role. Salivary cortisol is found to be associated with stress, however not many published evidence exists suggesting the association of stress and salivary cortisol levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence, this study was carried out with the aim to assess salivary cortisol levels and neutrophil functions in chronic periodontitis patients with and without stress. Materials and methods: Cortisol levels were determined using ELISA method from saliva samples collected, analysis of neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing was done using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, and stress was assessed using Derogatis Stress Profile scale in 60 participants. Study participants were categorized into two groups based on their periodontal condition, Group I: Healthy control (n=30) and Group II: Chronic periodontitis (CP) (n=30) with a probing depth of ≥ 4mm and Clinical attachment loss (CAL) AL >1mm. Results: The difference in mean stress score of the chronic periodontitis group (0.52 ± 0.12) and healthy control group (0.46 ± 0.08) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Salivary cortisol levels in the healthy (7.77 ± 5.48) and chronic periodontitis (8.77 ± 8.75) groups did not differ significantly. Neutrophil functions defects in the CP group (32.70 ± 12.15) and healthy group (20.33 ± 10.17) differed in a statistically significant manner. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were observed in the stress levels, salivary cortisol levels and neutrophil functions between healthy and CP subjects with and without stress, thus demonstrating a possible link between CP and stress.

The effects of power and stretch yoga on affect and salivary cortisol in women

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Sullivan ◽  
Amanda Carberry ◽  
Elizabeth S Evans ◽  
Eric E Hall ◽  
Svetlana Nepocatych
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Perceived Power

Yoga practice is known to improve well-being and decrease stress. However, acute yoga is understudied. This study investigated the effects of two different types of yoga on affect and salivary cortisol levels in college women. Thirty-three women aged 18–30 years each completed 1-hour sessions of power yoga and stretch yoga. Measures of affect and salivary cortisol were assessed before, during, and after each session. Participants perceived power yoga to be more pleasurable and energizing. Salivary cortisol significantly decreased after both yoga sessions. Thus, even one session of yoga may be effective in improving affect and decreasing stress in college women.

scholarly journals A Complementary Intervention to Promote Wellbeing and Stress Management for Early Career Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6320
Author(s):  
Stevie-Jae Hepburn ◽  
Annemaree Carroll ◽  
Louise McCuaig-Holcroft
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Early Career Teachers ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Career Teachers

The educational climate and culture in our schools present a variety of environmental (contextual) factors that influence teacher wellbeing, job satisfaction, and work-related stress. The magnitude of contextual factors cannot be ignored, and directing attention towards the environment teachers face daily is essential. Primary (organisational)-level interventions are documented in organisational health and wellbeing literature; however, to provide teachers with stress management strategies for promoting wellbeing, attention must also be directed towards secondary (individual)-level interventions. The present study addressed the issue of stress management techniques for early career teachers (n = 24) and aimed to contribute to the research surrounding complementary interventions (CIs) for educators. The intervention was designed to include strategies that operated through cognitive and physiological mechanisms that regulated the stress response and increased awareness of behaviours, emotions, and reactivity. The self-report measures included perceived stress, attention awareness, subjective wellbeing, burnout, and job-related affective wellbeing. The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress and increases in attention awareness and subjective wellbeing. The salivary cortisol levels (waking and resting) decreased from baseline to week 6, and the pre- and post-session salivary cortisol levels indicated an immediate decrease in cortisol for weeks 4 to 6.

scholarly journals A Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial of the Effect of Bilateral Alternating Somatosensory Stimulation on Reducing Stress-Related Cortisol and Anxiety During and After the Trier Social Stress Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior ◽  
Heliodora Leão Casalechi ◽  
Caroline dos Santos Monteiro Machado ◽  
Amy Serin ◽  
Nathan S. Hageman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The aim of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy of bilateral alternating somatosensory stimulation for the management of stress and anxiety during and after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a laboratory procedure for reliably inducing stress in human subjects. For this, a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial of 80 qualified subjects was conducted. Subjects were randomized into two groups, a treatment group (n=40) and a control (placebo) group (n=40). Metrics of emotional stress assessed were a subjective rating of the level of emotional stress and salivary cortisol levels, both obtained at 3 timepoints: before treatment (baseline), immediately following completion of the TSST, and after 20 minutes of rest following completion of the TSST. Results showed that the treatment group had a statistically greater decrease in the subjective rating of stress relative to the control group both immediately following the TSST and 20 minutes after the TSST. Salivary cortisol levels in the treatment group were also lower than the control group at those same time points. These results suggest that bilateral alternating somatosensory stimulation may be effective in reducing subjective levels of stress and anxiety. It also may actively attenuate stress-related cortisol levels, which may reflect a mechanism for reducing cortisol-induced inflammation back to baseline after exposure to stressful situations.

scholarly journals Selective Removal of Necrotic Dentin in Primary Teeth Using Laser Irradiation: One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Composite Restorations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Aparecida Fernandes Polizeli ◽  
Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti ◽  
Rodrigo Alexandre Valério ◽  
Mariana Alencar Nemezio ◽  
Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the child’s salivary cortisol levels, clinical performance and marginal adaptation of restorations after selective removal of necrotic dentin in primary teeth using Er: YAG laser irradiation. Methods: A double-blind clinical study was performed in children at 7-10 years. Children who had at least 2 teeth with carious lesions involving the occlusal and proximal surfaces of primary molars counterparts were selected. Removal of necrotic dentin was performed by 2 methods: Er: YAG laser irradiation and bur-preparation. Cortisol levels (n =24) was evaluated by ELISA. Clinical analysis (n =20) was performed after the restorations polish, 6 and 12 months after restorative procedure using United States Public Health Service (USPHS) method and photographs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyz the marginal gap formation (n =20). The analysis of the data was performed by 95% confidence interval, Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman and Wilcoxon post hoc tests (α =5%). Results: Cortisol levels were higher during selective removal of necrotic dentin, regardless of the method used (P>0.05). After 12 months, there was no evidence of the difference in the restorations performed on cavities prepared by both methods. SEM analysis revealed that the laser-irradiated teeth showed 10% of gaps in the full extent of restoration. For bur-prepared teeth, 20% of gaps were found at the cavosurface margin. Conclusion: The salivary cortisol levels on children that received Er: YAG laser irradiation for removal the necrotic dentin was similar to the control group. Class II restorations evaluated after 1 year period did not suffer interference by the use of Er: YAG laser irradiation.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Problem-focused Coping Stress Management Program on Self-efficacy, Psychological Distress, and Salivary Cortisol among First-year Medical Students of Udayana University

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susy Purnawati ◽  
Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽  
Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Management Program ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Objective. Current evidence has shown academic stress to be associated with student maladaptive behavior. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a problem-focused coping stress management program on first-year medical students’ self-efficacy, psychological distress and find its effect on salivary cortisol. Method. Forty students who scored high on academic stress and external locus of control were randomly selected as the intervention (n = 26) and control group (n = 14). An intervention in the form of a problem-focused coping stress management program was organized. The intervention was a 1½-hour training class conducted once a week for four weeks. Results. There was a significant difference in self-efficacy between the intervention and control groups (p-value = 0.029). The self-efficacy score was significantly higher after the intervention (19.31 ± 2.396 vs 21.27 ± 2.677, p = 0.005). Likewise, a significant difference in the psychological distress between the two groups was found after the intervention (control group = 40.14 ± 3.860; intervention group = 37.12 ± 4.537, p < 0.05). We also found a significant decrease in salivary cortisol after the intervention among this group (0.68262 μg/dl ± 0.367 to 0.43304 μg/dl ± 0.231, p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in cortisol between intervention and control group after the intervention (0.49479 μg/dl ± 0.264 and 0.43304 μg/dl ± 0.231, p = 0.448). Conclusion. The problem-focused coping stress management program improved self-efficacy and decreased the psychological distress and salivary cortisol of first-year medical students in this research.

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