scholarly journals Gross anatomical features and osteometric variables of the scapula of the african tree squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus), house (Rattus Rattus) and wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1773-1781
Author(s):  
Ekeolu Oyetunde Kazeem ◽  
Omirinde Jamiu Oyewole ◽  
Usende Levi Ifukot
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Scapular Spine ◽  
Tree Squirrel

This study comparatively investigated gross features and osteometric variables in scapula of three rodents: tree squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus ),  house (Rattus Rattus ) and Wistar rats. A total of thirty three animals (11 per rodent species) were used for the study. The rodents were  anaesthetized using ketamine and xylazine combination (80 mg/kg: 10 mg/kg body weight), sacrificed and processed for scapular bone extraction by burying method. Grossly, the scapular bones are flattened in all the rodents and have various shapes; semicircular in squirrel and roughly  triangular in both Rattus rattus and Wistar rats. The scapula of the squirrel bears a hook-like acromion process and a distinct subscapular spine. Osteometric variables; scapular width and length of scapular neck are significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the squirrel relative to other rodents. While the length of glenoid and diameter of infra spinatous fossa in Rattus rattus as well as the scapular spine length in squirrel respectively show marked increase when compared to other rodents. Keywords: Funisciurus anerythrus, Rattus rattus , Wistar, scapula, morphology, osteometry, comparative

Dose-dependent and time-dependent metabolic, hemodynamic, and redox disturbances in dexamethasone-treated Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽  
Fernande P. Peyembouo ◽  
Christian K. Fofié ◽  
Télesphore B. Nguelefack
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Subchronic Treatment

Abstract Objectives Dexamethasone is used experimentally to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data concerning the dose, the duration of treatment, and the associated comorbidities are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of dexamethasone and the duration of treatment necessary for the development of a model of insulin resistance that mimics the clinical condition with the associated comorbidities. Methods Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats, at doses of 500 and 1,000 µg/kg/day for the subchronic treatment (eight consecutive days) and at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg/day in chronic treatment (28 consecutive days). Effects on body weight, metabolism, hemodynamics, renal function, and redox status were evaluated. Results Both treatments induced a progressive body weight loss that was drastic in subchronic treatment, improved glucose tolerance without affecting fasting glycemia. Doses of 1,000 and 100 µg/kg were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased heart rate, cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Increased creatinemia associated with reduced creatinuria were observed in sub-chronic treatment while increased proteinuria and reduced creatinuria were noticed in chronic treatment. 1,000 µg/kg dexamethasone caused an increase in hepatic, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) coupled with a reduction in catalase activity. The dose of 100 µg/kg induced a rise in GSH and catalase activity but reduced MDA levels in the kidney. Conclusions Doses of 1,000 µg/kg for subchronic and 100 µg/kg for chronic treatment exhibited similar effects and are the best doses to respective time frames to induce the model.

Nephrotoxicity of Cyclosporin a and Contrast Media

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Thomsen ◽  
S. Larsen ◽  
P. Skaarup ◽  
L. Hemmingsen ◽  
H. Dieperink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Albumin Excretion

Urine profiles (albumin, glucose, NAG, LDH, GGT and sodium) were followed for 22 h or 8 days after intravenous injection of diatrizoate, iohexol or saline in 30 adult Wistar rats in which nephrotoxicity was induced by daily peroral administration of 25 mg/kg body weight cyclosporin A over a 14-day period. Another 10 rats which had the vehicle of the cyclosporin A solution (placebo) and saline injected intravenously served as controls. The effect of iohexol and saline on the albumin excretion was similar, whereas diatrizoate increased it significantly. Both contrast media caused significantly increased excretion of all three enzymes. The contrast media had no effect on the excretion of glucose and sodium. Except for the fact that the excretion of NAG was significantly higher following iohexol than following diatrizoate 24 to 46 h after injection no significant differences between the two media were found from 24 h after injection among the rats given cyclosporin A. No contrast medium related changes were found by light microscopy of the kidneys. Neither iohexol nor diatrizoate potentiate acute cyclosporin A nephrotoxcity.

scholarly journals Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽  
Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽  
Alice Calone ◽  
Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽  
Carla Bartuscheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 16984-16996
Author(s):  
MMC Anyakudo ◽  
◽  
DO Adeniji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIK GINJAL TIKUS WISTAR (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) SETELAH DIINDUKSI DENGAN GENTAMISIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy M Lintong ◽  
Carla F Kairupan ◽  
Priska L N Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract: Gentamycin, a frequently used aminoglycoside antibiotics, has a nephrotoxic effect to human beings and animals. The purpose of this research was to find out the microscopic changes of wistar rat kidneys after gentamycin induction. This was an experimental study, using five adult wistar rats, divided into three groups. Group I was the control group; group II consisted of two rats, injected with gentamycin 0,3 ml/day (dose of 60 mg/kg body weight/day) intraperitoneally for seven days; and group III consisted of two rats, injected with gentamycin 0,3 ml/day intraperitoneally for 10 days. Group I and II were terminated at day-8, and group III at day-11. Their kidneys were processed for microscopic slides, stained with hematoxylin eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff. In microscopic evaluation, group II and III showed oedema, necrosis, apoptosis, and basal membrane destruction of tubular epithelial cells. Group III also showed fat vacuoles in these epithelial cells (macrovesicular fatty changes). Conclusion: wistar rats injected with gentamycin 60 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 and 10 days showed oedema, necrosis, apoptosis, and basal membrane destruction of tubular epithelial cells; and macrovesicular fatty changes after 10 days of gentamycin.Key words: gentamycin, necrosis tubular epithelial cells, fatty changesAbstrak: Gentamisin termasuk antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida berspektrum luas yang bersifat nefrotoksik terhadap manusia dan hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat perubahan mikroskopik struktur ginjal tikus Wistar setelah diberikan gentamisin. Metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan lima ekor tikus Wistar dewasa yang dibagi atas tiga kelompok. Kelompok I tanpa perlakuan; kelompok II terdiri dari dua ekor tikus perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari (dosis 60 mg/kgBB/hari) secara intraperitonial selama tujuh hari; dan kelompok III terdiri dari dua ekor tikus perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari secara intraperitonial selama 10 hari. Tikus Wistar kelompok I dan II diteminasi hari ke-8, sedangkan kelompok III diterminasi hari ke-11. Ginjal tikus kelompok I -III kemudian dibuat preparat histopatologik dengan pengecatan rutin hematoksilin eosin dan Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus Wistar perlakuan yang diberikan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari selama 7 sampai 10 hari secara mikroskopik memperlihatkan pembengkakan, nekrosis, apoptosis, dan destruksi membrana basalis sel epitel tubulus; dan pada hari ke-10 terlihat vakuol-vakuol lemak pada sel epitel sehingga inti terdesak ke tepi (perlemakan makrovesikuler). Simpulan: pemberian gentamisin pada tikus Wistar dengan dosis 60 mg/kg BB/hari selama 7-10 hari menunjukkan pembengkakan, nekrosis, apoptosis sel epitel tubulus, dan membrana basalis tubulus rusak; dan setelah hari ke-10 juga terlihat perlemakan makrovesikuler.Kata kunci: gentamisin, nekrosis sel epitel tubulus, perlemakan makrovesikuler

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN LARVA DAN PRODUKSI BENIH IKAN KERAPU BEBEK Cromileptes altivelis Valenciennes, 1828 HASIL BUDIDAYA TURUNAN KE-3

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-600
Author(s):  
Regina Melianawati ◽  
Ni Wayan Widya Astuti ◽  
. Tridjoko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Length

ABSTRAKKetersediaan induk dalam suatu usaha pembenihan memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Namun demikian, ketersediaan induk yang berasal dari alam sangat terbatas jumlahnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan penyediaan calon induk yang berasal dari hasil budidaya. Ikan kerapu bebek Cromileptes altivelis Valenciennes, 1828 turunan pertama (F-1) dan turunan kedua (F-2) sudah dapat diproduksi dari hasil budidaya, namun benih turunan ketiga (F-3) belum dapat diperoleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik morfologis dan pertumbuhan larva ikan kerapu bebek F-3 sebagai calon induk F-3, serta tingkat keberhasilan produksi benihnya. Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan dalam hatchery hingga larva menjadi benih. Parameter yang diamati meliputi panjang total dan panjang duri sirip larva, berat tubuh larva serta sintasan dan jumlah produksi benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang total larva umur 5, 15, 25 dan 35 hari, masing-masing adalah 3,20±0,07; 4,42±1,11; 8,35±1,12 dan 12,51±3,23 mm. Duri sirip mulai terukur pada larva umur 15 hari. Berat larva umur 30 hari adalah 0,11±0,04 g. Pola pertumbuhan panjang total dan berat tubuh larva adalah eksponensial, sedangkan pola pertumbuhan duri siripnya adalah linier. Masa pemeliharaan larva hingga menjadi benih adalah ± 40 hari. Jumlah benih ikan kerapu bebek F-3 yang diproduksi dalam satu kali siklus pemeliharaan berkisar 440 hingga 2.300 ekor dari 50 ekor induk dan 3 kali siklus pemijahan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 1,30% hingga 8,80%. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa ikan kerapu bebek F-3 dapat diproduksi dari hasil budidaya seperti halnya pada F-1 dan F-2. ABSTRACTBroodstocks are the most important part of humpback grouper culture, but their availability in nature are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to produce broodstock candidates from culture. The first (F-1) and the second (F-2) generation of humpback grouper have already been produced but the third generation (F-3) production is still on the way. This study was conducted to find out morphological characteristic of the third generation (F-3) of humpback grouper larvae as the candidate of the third generation of broodstock, larval growth and the success rate of seed production. Larvae rearing was done in hatchery until larvae metamorphosed to be seeds. Observed variables including larval total length and spine length, larval body weight, survival rate and the juvenile productions. The study result showed the total length of 5, 15, 25 and 35 days old larvae were 3.20±0.07; 4.42±1.11; 8.35±1.12 and 12.51±3.23 mm, respectively. The spine began measured on 15 days old larvae. The body weight of 30 days old larvae was 0.11±0.04 g. The growth pattern of larval total length and body weight were exponential, while the growth of spine was linear. Rearing period from larvae to juveniles was 40 days. Number of F-3 seed production of humpback grouper produced from once rearing cycle range between 440 and 2,300 fish and the survival rate range from 1.30% up to 8.80%. Therefore, this study could indicate that seed of F-3 humpback grouper can be produced as those of F-1 and F-2.

scholarly journals Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna & Syzygium cumini in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1870-1882
Author(s):  
Takru Harshit ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Kumar Kapil ◽  
Nagarajan K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.

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