scholarly journals High incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of methicill inresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples in Benin-City, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
O Obasuyi ◽  
JO Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Benin City ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals 1280. In-Vitro Activity of Cefiderocol, Imipenem/Relebactam, & Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Resistant Strains of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S655-S655
Author(s):  
Daniel Navas ◽  
Angela Charles ◽  
Amy Carr ◽  
Jose Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Background The activity of imipenem/relebactam (I/R), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) and cefiderocol (FDC) were evaluated against clinical isolates of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa which was resistant to ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T). The recent increase of MDR P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical samples has prompted research and development of new antimicrobials that can withstand its multiple resistance mechanisms. C/T is an effective option for treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa in our facility with only 10% of resistance in MDR strains, but the emergence of resistance may occur due to the presence of a carbapenemase gene or an ampC mutation. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for C/T Etest® (bioMérieux, Inc.) were performed on all MDR strains initially screened by the VITEK2® (bioMérieux, Inc.). 10% (n=20) of all MDR isolates were resistant to C/T by the CLSI 2019 breakpoints. These resistant isolates were tested for presence of a carbapenemase gene using the GeneXpert CARBA-R (Cepheid®) PCR and against CZA Etest® (bioMérieux, Inc.) I/R gradient strips (Liofilchem®) and FDC broth microdilution (Thermo Scientific™ Sensititre™). Results A total of 20 clinical isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa resistant to C/T were tested following standardized CLSI protocols and techniques. All 20 isolates were screened for the presence of a carbapenemase gene (blaVIM, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaIMP). A blaVIM gene was detected in 6 (30%) out of 20 isolates. FDC demonstrated the greatest activity with 85% (n=17) of susceptible isolates (CLSI MIC <4µg/dL). CZA (CLSI MIC <8µg/dL) and I/R (FDA MIC <2µg/dL) showed 15% (n=3) and 10% (n=2) of susceptible isolates respectively. FDC was active against all 6 blaVIM isolates, where all 6 strains were resistant to CZA and I/R as expected. 3 isolates tested non-susceptible against FDC; additional characterization was not performed at this time. Conclusion Based on these results, FDC demonstrated the greatest in-vitro activity against C/T resistant strains of MDR P. aeruginosa. FDC also demonstrated activity against all 6 MDR P. aeruginosa carrying blaVIM gene. FDC is a strong option to consider on MDR P. aeruginosa strains based on a resistance testing algorithm and a cost/effective protocol. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Malaysia: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of the Clinical Isolates, 1990–2017

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainal Mardziah Che Hamzah ◽  
Chew Chieng Yeo ◽  
Suat Moi Puah ◽  
Kek Heng Chua ◽  
Ching Hoong Chew
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Comprehensive Surveillance

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen and its multidrug resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), poses a serious threat to public health due to its limited therapeutic options. The increasing MRSA resistance towards vancomycin, which is the current drug of last resort, gives a great challenge to the treatment and management of MRSA infections. While vancomycin resistance among Malaysian MRSA isolates has yet to be documented, a case of vancomycin resistant S. aureus has been reported in our neighboring country, Indonesia. In this review, we present the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus clinical isolates in Malaysia with data obtained from the Malaysian National Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAR) reports as well as various peer-reviewed published records spanning a period of nearly three decades (1990–2017). We also review the clonal types and characteristics of Malaysian S. aureus isolates, where hospital-associated (HA) MRSA isolates tend to carry staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III and were of sequence type (ST)239, whereas community-associated (CA) isolates are mostly SCCmec type IV/V and ST30. More comprehensive surveillance data that include molecular epidemiological data would enable further in-depth understanding of Malaysian S. aureus isolates.

Intravenous Antibiotics Used in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Kristine Anne Scordo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in medical care, the prevalence of both community-acquired and hospital-acquired MRSA has progressively increased. Community-acquired MRSA typically occurs in patients without recent illness or hospitalization, presents as acute skin and soft tissue infections, and is usually not multidrug resistant. Hospital-acquired MRSA, however, presents in patients recently hospitalized or treated in long-term care settings and in those who have had medical procedures and is usually associated with multidrug-resistant strains. Both types of infections, if not properly treated, have the potential to become invasive. This article discusses current intravenous antibiotics that are available for the empiric treatment of MRSA infections along with a newer phenomenon known as the “seesaw effect.”

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Healthy Edible Marine Fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Justine Fri ◽  
Henry A. Njom ◽  
Collins N. Ateba ◽  
Roland N. Ndip
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Thirty-three (33) isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from healthy edible marine fish harvested from two aquaculture settings and the Kariega estuary, South Africa, were characterised in this study. The phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles to 13 antibiotics were determined, and their antibiotic resistance determinants were assessed. A multiplex PCR was used to determine the epidemiological groups based on the type of SCCmec carriage followed by the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea-sed and the Panton Valentine leucocidin gene (pvl). A high antibiotic resistance percentage (67–81%) was observed for Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Rifampicin, and Clindamycin, while maximum susceptibility to Chloramphenicol (100%), Imipenem (100%), and Ciprofloxacin (94%) was recorded. Nineteen (58%) of the MRSA strains had Vancomycin MICs of ≤2 μg/mL, 4 (12%) with MICs ranging from 4–8 μg/mL, and 10 (30%) with values ≥16 μg/mL. Overall, 27 (82%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with Erythromycin-Ampicillin-Rifampicin-Clindamycin (E-AMP-RIP-CD) found to be the dominant antibiotic-resistance phenotype observed in 4 isolates. Resistance genes such as tetM, tetA, ermB, blaZ, and femA were detected in two or more resistant strains. A total of 19 (58%) MRSA strains possessed SCCmec types I, II, or III elements, characteristic of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), while 10 (30%) isolates displayed SCCmec type IVc, characteristic of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Six (18%) of the multidrug-resistant strains of MRSA were enterotoxigenic, harbouring the see, sea, or sec genes. A prevalence of 18% (6/33) was also recorded for the luk-PVL gene. The findings of this study showed that marine fish contained MDR-MRSA strains that harbour SCCmec types, characteristic of either HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA, but with a low prevalence of enterotoxin and pvl genes. Thus, there is a need for continuous monitoring and implementation of better control strategies within the food chain to minimise contamination of fish with MDR-MRSA and the ultimate spread of the bug.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Myophage Maine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Moreland ◽  
Abby Korn ◽  
Heather Newkirk ◽  
Mei Liu ◽  
Jason J. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains

Multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus cause serious human disease worldwide. Bacteriophages offer a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics. Here, we announce the 141,712-bp genome of S. aureus phage Maine. A myophage with 9,019-bp predicted terminal repeats and high similarity to other Staphylococcus phages, Maine falls into the Twort-like group.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Children and Adults with Primary Infection in the Lower Silesia Region, Poland.

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAŻYNA GOŚCINIAK ◽  
MONIKA BIERNAT ◽  
JOANNA GRABIŃSKA ◽  
ALDONA BIŃKOWSKA ◽  
ELŻBIETA PONIEWIERKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Lower Silesia

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become a serious issue in recent years in the therapy of bacterial infections. This problem also concerns the treatment of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of primary resistance of H. pylori strains isolated from children and adults. The subject of the research was 105 strains of H. pylori isolated from children and 60 strains from adults in the Lower Silesia Region in the years 2008-2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility to the following antibiotics was assessed: amoxicillin (AC), clarithromycin (CH), metronidazole (MZ), tetracycline (TC), levofloxacin (LEV) and rifabutin (RB). Among the strains isolated from children, 33.3% were resistant to CH, 44.8% to MZ whereas 1.9% of strains were resistant simultaneously to CH, MZ and LEV. Among 60 strains isolated from adults, 23.3% were resistant to CH, 66.7% to MZ, and 6.7% to LEV. Moreover, 16 multidrug resistant strains were isolated from adults, including 12 resistant to CH and MZ, 3 to MZ and LEV, and 1 to CH, MZ and LEV. All examined strains were susceptible to AC, TC and RB. The high incidence of resistance to CH and MZ suggests that standard triple therapies may not be useful as first-line treatment in Poland without earlier susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Phage Lysin LysGH15 on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Diverse Staphylococci

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Mengjun Cheng ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Dai ◽  
Zhimin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Phage Lysin

ABSTRACT Treatment of infections caused by staphylococci has become more difficult because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains as well as biofilm formation. In this study, we observed the ability of the phage lysin LysGH15 to eliminate staphylococcal planktonic cells and biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus hominis. All these strains were sensitive to LysGH15, showing reductions in bacterial counts of approximately 4 log units within 30 min after treatment with 20 μg/ml of LysGH15, and the MICs ranged from 8 μg/ml to 32 μg/ml. LysGH15 efficiently prevented biofilm formation by the four staphylococcal species at a dose of 50 μg/ml. At a higher dose (100 μg/ml), LysGH15 also showed notable disrupting activity against 24-h and 72-h biofilms formed by S. aureus and coagulase-negative species. In the in vivo experiments, a single intraperitoneal injection of LysGH15 (20 μg/mouse) administered 1 h after the injection of S. epidermidis at double the minimum lethal dose was sufficient to protect the mice. The S. epidermidis cell counts were 4 log units lower in the blood and 3 log units lower in the organs of mice 24 h after treatment with LysGH15 than in the untreated control mice. LysGH15 reduced cytokine levels in the blood and improved pathological changes in the organs. The broad antistaphylococcal activity exerted by LysGH15 on planktonic cells and biofilms makes LysGH15 a valuable treatment option for biofilm-related or non-biofilm-related staphylococcal infections. IMPORTANCE Most staphylococcal species are major causes of health care- and community-associated infections. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus is a common and dangerous pathogen, and Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ubiquitous skin commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Treatment of infections caused by staphylococci has become more difficult because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains as well as biofilm formation. In this study, we found that all tested S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus hominis strains were sensitive to the phage lysin LysGH15 (MICs ranging from 8 to 32 μg/ml). More importantly, LysGH15 not only prevented biofilm formation by these staphylococci but also disrupted 24-h and 72-h biofilms. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of LysGH15 was demonstrated in a mouse model of S. epidermidis bacteremia. Thus, LysGH15 exhibits therapeutic potential for treating biofilm-related or non-biofilm-related infections caused by diverse staphylococci.

scholarly journals MUPIROCIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTH INDIA – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Malavalli Venkatesh Bhavana ◽  
Sangeeta Joshi ◽  
Ranjeeta Adhikary ◽  
Hosdurg Bhaskar Beena
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Level Resistance

Objective: Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic used for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and for the nasal decolonization of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The increasing reports of resistance to mupirocin are a matter of concern. We undertook this study to detect and differentiate the mupirocin resistance pattern and to analyze the susceptibility pattern among S. aureus isolates of our hospital.Methods: This is a prospective laboratory-based study conducted during the period May–September 2014. Clinical samples that grew S. aureus during the study period were tested for mupirocin resistance using the 5 μg and 200 μg discs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detection of resistant strains was performed using the E-test.Results: Mupirocin resistance was seen in 4.81% of our S. aureus isolates; all of which exhibited high-level resistance with MIC ≥1024 μg/ml.Conclusions: The resistance is bound to rise with the increased usage of mupirocin; regular testing will help in tackling this upcoming problem and in preserving this important antibiotic against MRSA.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Molecular Analysis ofStaphylococcus aureusClinical Isolates from Hospitalized Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Karmakar ◽  
Parimal Dua ◽  
Chandradipa Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gelatin Hydrolysis

Staphylococcus aureusis opportunistic human as well as animal pathogen that causes a variety of diseases. A total of 100Staphylococcus aureusisolates were obtained from clinical samples derived from hospitalized patients. The presumptiveStaphylococcus aureusclinical isolates were identified phenotypically by different biochemical tests. Molecular identification was done by PCR using species specific 16S rRNA primer pairs and finally 100 isolates were found to be positive asStaphylococcus aureus. Screened isolates were further analyzed by several microbiological diagnostics tests including gelatin hydrolysis, protease, and lipase tests. It was found that 78%, 81%, and 51% isolates were positive for gelatin hydrolysis, protease, and lipase activities, respectively. Antibiogram analysis of isolatedStaphylococcus aureusstrains with respect to different antimicrobial agents revealed resistance pattern ranging from 57 to 96%. Our study also shows 70% strains to be MRSA, 54.3% as VRSA, and 54.3% as both MRSA and VRSA. All the identified isolates were subjected to detection ofmecA,nuc, andhlbgenes and 70%, 84%, and 40% were found to harbourmecA,nuc, andhlbgenes, respectively. The current investigation is highly important and informative for the high level multidrug resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfections inclusive also of methicillin and vancomycin.

scholarly journals Inducible clindamycin resistance among staphylococci isolated from clinical samples in an urban hospital of Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Shameem Akhter ◽  
SM Zahurul Haque ◽  
M Mushfequr Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Inducible Resistance ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Resistant Strains

Inducible clindamycin resistance was detemined in 200 clinical isolates of staphylococci from pus (53.5%) and wound swab (46.5%). The study was done from July 2009 to June 2010, in the Department of Microbiology, BIHS Hospital Dhaka. Inducible clindamycin resistance was demonstrated by placing an erythromycin disc (15 ìg) 15 mm apart from the edge of a clindamycin (2 ìg) disc in Mueller Hinton agar. When the clindamycin inhibited zone becomes D- shaped the organism was regarded as positive for inducible resistance (D- test positive). Out of 200 staphylococci, 20% had inducible clindamycin resistance, 5% had constitutive clindamycin resistance and remaining 75% was clindamycin sensitive. In case of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 48% had inducible clindamycin resistance while 11.5% was constitutively resistant to clindamycin and remainder were clindamycin sensitive. All clindamycin resistant strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid followed by gentamycin (42%) and tetracycline (42.3%). The findings demonstrated that a substantial proportion of staphylococci in our tertiary care hospital had inducible resistance to clindamycin.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2011; 5(1): 6-8 Key words: Staphylococcus aureus; Inducible clindamycin resistance; Constitutive clindamycin resistance; D-testDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i1.9853  

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