scholarly journals Asymptomatic Intestinal Parasitic Infestations among Children Under Five Years in Selected Communities in the Ho Municipality, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Kpene ◽  
S.Y. Lokpo ◽  
J.G. Deku ◽  
E. Agboli ◽  
P.K. Owiafe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Children Under 5

BACKGROUND፡ The study investigated intestinal parasitic infestations (IPIs) and possible risk factors associated with asymptomatic children under five (5) years in five (5) selected communities in the Ho Municipality.METHODS: The study design was cross- sectional, with a simple random sampling technique involving 150 asymptomatic children under 5 years from 5 selected communities (Klave, Hoe, Freetown, Dave and Godokpe) in the Ho Municipality. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographics and other relevant parameters. Direct wet preparation, formol-ether concentration and Modified ZN staining techniques were used for the identification of intestinal parasites from participants’ stool samples. The Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the difference in IPIs proportions and assess the risk factors associated with IPIs respectively.RESULTS: The overall IPIs cases was 14% (21/150). Cryptosporidium spp was most predominant [5.3% (8/150)], followed by Entamoeba spp [3.3% (5/150)], Cyclospora cayetenensis [2.7% (4/150)], Ascaris lumbricoides [1.3% (2/150)], Giardia lamblia [0.7% (1/150)] and Strongyloides stercoralis [0.7% (1/150)]. Children in rural communities (23.4%) recorded significantly higher case rate compared to those in urban communities (9.8%0), (p=0.04). Lower educational attainment of mother [OR=0.55, 95% CI (0.37 – 0.83), p-value = 0.015] andresidence in rural communities [OR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.33 –0.88)], p-value = 0.025] were significantly associated with IPIs.CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic IPIs are quite prevalent among children under 5 years in the Ho Municipality. The study thus recommends active sensitization programs for parents/guardians on preventive measures and school health programs should be instituted in rural communities.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and Factors Associated with Mortality among Children under Five Years Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition in the Nutritional Unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Desire Banga ◽  
Melvis Baren ◽  
Namale Vivian Ssonko ◽  
Franck Katembo Sikakulya ◽  
Yves Tibamwenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Eastern Uganda ◽  
Children Under 5

Background. Mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition remains an immense health concern in the hospitals in developing countries, but its attributes are not completely assessed in various hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of mortality, the comorbidities, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality among children under five years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda. Methods. This was a hospital-based analytical and descriptive prospective cohort study conducted in the nutritional unit of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A total of 338 children and their caretakers who met the criteria were consecutively enrolled into the study. Descriptive statistics were used to each of the independent factors, and comorbidities were subjected to chi-squared test followed by logistic regression analysis to assess its association incidence of mortality among children. All independent variables with p values ≤ 0.05 were entered into a multivariate model for factors and comorbidities independently. Factors and comorbidities with p values ≤ 0.05 were considered as associates of mortality among children. Results. Of the 338 children under 5 years of age enrolled, 49 (14.5%) died, although the majority of children were diagnosed with dehydration, 128 (37.9%); pneumonia, 127(37.6%); and malaria, 87(25.7%). Anemia ( aRR = 2.9 , 95% CI: 1.23-6.62, p = 0.01 ), bacteremia ( aRR = 10.0 , 95% CI: 3.62-29.01, p = 0.01 ), HIV ( aRR = 4.8 , 95% CI: 1.42-16.30, p < 0.01 ), TB ( aRR = 4.3 , 95% CI: 1.28-14.49, p < 0.02 ), and shock ( aRR = 60.9 , 95% CI: 9.05-410.28, p < 0.01 ) were the comorbidities significantly associated with a likelihood of mortality. Conclusions. The mortality among children under 5 years of age admitted with severe acute malnutrition is still high (14.5% versus 5%). The comorbidities are significantly associated with mortality. The clinicians are recommended to follow-up closely patients with severe acute malnutrition and to focus on the critical comorbidities identified.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of the Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Children Under Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8829
Author(s):  
Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan ◽  
Stephen J. Walters ◽  
Richard Jacques ◽  
Khaled Khatab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background/Purpose: Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of the world’s population. Children under five years old and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to this disease. This scoping review aimed to evaluate studies that used classical statistical regression methods on nationally representative health survey data to identify the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with developing anaemia among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: The reporting pattern followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID platform), Web of Science, PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library, African Journal of online (AJOL), Google Scholar and Measure DHS. Results: The review identified 20 relevant studies and the risk factors for anaemia were classified as child-related, parental/household-related and community- or area-related factors. The risk factors for anaemia identified included age, birth order, sex, comorbidities (such as fever, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection), malnutrition or stunting, maternal education, maternal age, mother’s anaemia status, household wealth and place of residence. Conclusion: The outcome of this review is of significant value for health policy and planners to enable them to make informed decision that will correct any imbalances in anaemia across socioeconomic, demographic and contextual characteristics, with the view of making efficient distributions of health interventions.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with underweight status in children under five: an analysis of the 2010 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (RDHS)

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assumpta Mukabutera ◽  
Dana R. Thomson ◽  
Bethany L. Hedt-Gauthier ◽  
Paulin Basinga ◽  
Laetitia Nyirazinyoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Training on Improving the Ability of Health Cadres in Early Detection of Stunting in Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 373-377
Author(s):  
Rina Tampake ◽  
Ros Arianty ◽  
Selvi A . Mangundap ◽  
Baiq Emy ◽  
Hanum Sasmita
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training in improving health cadres’ ability in early detection and risk factors of stunting in toddlers. METHODS: The research method used was a quasi-experimental non-randomized pre- and post-test only control design. The independent variable was cadre training. The training was conducted through learning activities on health cadres using lecture method, question and answer method, and brainstorming accompanied by training booklets/modules and demonstrations. The dependent variable was knowledge, attitudes, and skills in detecting stunting and risk factors for stunting in children under-five. There were 53 health cadres as samples scattered in the Tomini Community Health Center with the purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was a parametric statistical paired sample t-test. RESULTS: Training of health cadres effectively increased health cadres’ ability to detect stunting and risk factors for stunting in children under-five. The different test results for each variable that showed the pre-post-test p-value for knowledge, attitudes, and health cadres’ skills were 0.000, smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (p < 0.05). Besides, the mean score of each variable obtained after training for health cadres was more significant than before training, including knowledge 17.392 >12.264, attitudes 33.603 >27.226, and skills 90.019 >62113. Those are means that cadres’ training effectively increased the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health cadres in detecting stunting and risk factors for stunting in children under-five. CONCLUSION: Training of health cadres effectively increases the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health cadres about early detection and risk factors of stunting in the working area of Tomini Public Health Centre, Parigi Moutong Regency.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pneumonia and risk factors of pneumonia mortality among children under five years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Adjei Osei ◽  
Kofi Akohene Mensah ◽  
Daniel Ansong ◽  
Peter Agyei-Baffour ◽  
Sandra Kwarteng Owusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Children Under 5

BackgroundPneumonia remains the foremost cause of death in children under 5 years of age especially in sub-Saharan Africa killing nearly 1 million annually.Aim Identify pneumonia prevalence, mortality rate and associated factors among children under five admitted to Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Ghana.MethodsUsing a prospective cross-sectional study method, a consecutive sample of 157 children under 5 admitted to the KATH for pneumonia from June to August 2016 was selected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from their caregivers and secondary data from the patient record using a structured data extraction form. Continuous and categorical variables were described and chi-square test employed to determine the associated factors of pneumonia mortality. Multivariate logistics regression model was used to test for the strength of the association to unearth the risk factors of pneumonia mortality.Results The study found a prevalence of pneumonia of 18.40% with a mortality rate of 12.74%. Pneumonia mortality was found to be associated with maternal education (p<0.001), occupation (p=0.01), income (p=0.02), pneumonia severity (p<0.001) and number of rooms occupied by a household (p=0.01). In multivariate regression, severe pneumonia increased the odds of pneumonia mortality (OR=18.23, 95% CI= 4.37-76.10, p<0.001). However, maternal education showed reduced likelihood of pneumonia mortality (OR=0.59, 95% CI= 0.36-0.97, p=0.039). ConclusionPneumonia places a high burden on the health of children under five years admitted to KATH. Health workers need to sensitize caregivers on the signs and symptoms of pneumonia to aid early detection and reporting which could reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Under-Five Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight Based on Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Datasets in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel ◽  
Tigist Tigabie Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tigray Region

Background. Stunting, wasting, and underweight among children are major problems in most regions of Ethiopia, including the Tigray region. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight of children in the Tigray region. Methods. The information collected from 1077 children born 5 years before the survey was considered in the analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant risk factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Results. Male children and rural born were having a higher burden of both severe and moderate stunting, wasting, and underweight than females and urban born. Among male children, 27.6%, 4.10%, and 14.2% of them were stunted, wasted, and underweight, respectively. Protected drinking water (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.50, 0.92)) was associated with stunting. Maternal age at birth less than 20 years (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: (0.45, 0.97)) and being male (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: (1.13, 3.68)) were associated with high risk of underweight. No antenatal care follow-up (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: (1.04, 4.64)) was associated with wasting, while the poor wealth index, diarrhea, low weight at birth (<2.5 kg), lower age of a child, and 3 or more under-five children in a household were significantly associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight. Conclusions. Being born in rural, being male, unprotected drinking water, smaller weight at birth, no antenatal follow-ups, diarrhea, and poor household wealth were factors associated with increased stunting, wasting, and underweight. Thus, interventions that focus on utilization of antenatal care services, improving household wealth, and improving access to protected drinking water were required by policymakers to decrease stunting, wasting, and underweight more rapidly.

scholarly journals The prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors of coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight among children under five years in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury ◽  
Md Shafiur Rahman ◽  
Baki Billah ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Nirmala K. P. Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Childhood malnutrition in all its forms is a significant public health challenge for developing countries like Bangladesh. There is a gap in knowledge of the coexistence of various forms of malnutrition among children under five years (under-5) in Bangladesh. This study aims (i) describe prevalence and risk factors for the coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight among children under-5 in Bangladesh. Methods This study included 6,610 and 7,357 under-5 children from Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) 2014 and 2017/18 respectively. Associations between coexistence stunting, wasting and underweight and socio-demographic factors were assessed by the Chi-square test and negative binomial regression. Results The prevalence of coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight gradually declined from 5.2% in 2014 to 2.7% in 2017/18. Children of uneducated mothers ((Adjused incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 5.0, 95% CI 2.3, 11.0)); with low birth weights (aIRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4, 5.1); children of age group 36–47 months (aIRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.1); and children of underweight mothers (aIRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.7) were the most important risk factors. However, maternal educational status was not associated with coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight among children under-5 in 2014 whereas in 2017/18 it was the most influential risk factor. Moreover, watching television less than once a week increased the risk of coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight by 54% (aIRR 1.54, 95% CI 1.0, 2.4). Conclusions one out of thirty-five under-5 children were identified to have coexistence of stunting, wasting and underweight in Bangladesh. The burden of malnutrition was disproportionate among uneducated mother, underweight mother, low birth weight and socio-economically poorest household. Our study indicates that there is a need for multi-level interventions from household level to societal level to reduce consequences of childhood malnutrition.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Children Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8782
Author(s):  
Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan ◽  
Stephen J. Walters ◽  
Richard Jacques ◽  
Khaled Khatab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background/Purpose: Malnutrition is a significant global public health burden with greater concern among children under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To effectively address the problem of malnutrition, especially in resource-scarce communities, knowing the prevalence, causes and risk factors associated with it are essential steps. This scoping review aimed to identify the existing literature that uses classical regression analysis on nationally representative health survey data sets to find the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with malnutrition among children under five years of age in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Methods: The electronic databases searched include EMBASE (OVID platform), PubMed (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library. Only papers written in the English language, and for which the publication date was between 1 January 1990 and 31 July 2020, were included. Results: A total of 229 papers were identified, of which 26 were studies that have been included in the review. The risk factors for malnutrition identified were classified as child-related, parental/household-related and community or area-related. Conclusions: Study-interest bias toward stunting over other anthropometric indicators of malnutrition could be addressed with a holistic research approach to equally address the various dimension of the anthropometric indicators of malnutrition in a population.

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