scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Adansonia digitata stem bark extract on some clinical isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 035-044
Author(s):  
A.E. Ajiboye ◽  
S.O. Sadiq ◽  
M.R. Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
E Coli

Adansonia digitata is a massive and deciduous tree with a height of about 24 m and of significant economic importance. The antimicrobial and  phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of stem bark of the plant were determined on some clinical isolates. The stem bark of the plant was collected and washed o properly before drying at 28 C. The pulverised stem bark was extracted with water and ethyl-acetate and screened for phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) using standard methods. The clinical isolates used were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were carried out using the agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were carried out using standard methods. The aqueous extract exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (14.00 ± 0.57 mm) at a concentration of 200 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.33 mm was observed for E. coli using ethylacetate extract. Candida albicans had a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.88 mm and 11.00±0.57 mm using aqueous and ethyl-acetate extracts respectively at 200 mg/ml. The MIC was 200 mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The qualitative ethyl-acetate phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids. Phenol had the highest concentration of 2.02±0.25 mg/ml while terpenoids had a value of 1.38±0.02 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of A. digitata possess significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. However, K. pneumoniae showed resistance to ethyl acetate extract. Key words: Adansonia digitata, Antimicrobial activity, Clinical isolates, Phytochemical  screening

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Nepalese medicinal plants Swertia chirayita and Dendrobium amoenum

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritish Shrestha ◽  
Manisha Bista ◽  
Prativa Sharma ◽  
Shristi Shrestha ◽  
Basanta Lamichhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Swertia Chirayita ◽  
Percentage Yield

Research on medicinal plants are important to Nepal because most of its rural population relies on it as mode of medicine. Medicinal plants namely Swertia chirayita and Dendrobium amoenum were collected from mid hills of Nepal. The present study was undertaken to find the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical presence and their cytotoxicity in different extraction medium. The percentage yield from the plants were highest in warm methanol extraction with 12.6%, followed by ethyl acetate and lowest was for cold methanol. Plant extract showed the presence of antioxidants like alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin, glycosides. The Brine Shrimp Bioassay of methanol and ethyl acetate extract showed cytotoxicity. Chiraito extract showed LC50 of 199 ppm for Dhunche sample, 128.82 ppm for Daman sample and 131.82 ppm of Illam sample. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Chiraito and Dendrobium amoenum showed significant bioactivity by inhibiting growth of microbial species selected for the test. The zone of inhibition shown by the extracts was comparable to the standard antibiotics. Similarly, methanol extract of Chiraito also showed significant antifungal activity with the zone of inhibition comparable to amphotericin.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 48-54

scholarly journals A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND α-ΑMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF THE STEM BARK OF PISONIA GRANDIS, R.BR

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Vishu Mohan ◽  
Mohan Kumar Ramasamy ◽  
Srikalyani Vemuri ◽  
Ilango Kaliappan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

  Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the crude hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanolic stem bark extract of Pisonia grandis.Methods: The evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, and aluminum chloride assay, respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed for porcine pancreatic α-amylase for the stem bark of P. grandis. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids in all the three extracts. The antioxidant activity showed 148.2 μg/ml, total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent), 0.0665±0.0002 mg/g, flavonoid content (quercetin equivalent), 0.6061±0.1817 mg/g, and inhibitory concentration 50% values were found to be 40.42 μg/ml and showed better in ethyl acetate extract. The antidiabetic activity exhibited mimic action with insulin due to the presence of pinnatol in the stem bark and leaves of P. grandis. Conclusion: P. grandis stem bark crude ethyl acetate extract showed strong antioxidant activity, high phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antimicrobial activity was studied in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains against ampicillin and rifampicin as reference drugs. Antidiabetic activity shows effective result by α-amylase inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity ofCroton macrostachyusStem Bark Extracts against Several Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Atte von Wright ◽  
Jimmy Orjala ◽  
Jussi Kauhanen ◽  
Carina Tikkanen-Kaukanen
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use

In Kenya, leaves and roots fromCroton macrostachyusare used as a traditional medicine for infectious diseases such as typhoid and measles, but reports on possible antimicrobial activity of stem bark do not exist. In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of methanol, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, and purified lupeol ofC. macrostachyusstem bark were determined against important human gram-negative pathogensEscherichia coli,Salmonella typhi,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andEnterobacter aerogenes, gram-positiveListeria monocytogenes,and a fungusCandida albicans. The most promising broad scale antimicrobial activity against all the studied pathogens was shown by the ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract induced the zone of inhibition between10.1±0.6 mm and16.0±1.2 mm againstS. typhi,E. coli,K. pneumoniae,E. aerogenes,andL. monocytogeneswith weaker antimicrobial activity againstC. albicans(zone of inhibition:5.6±1.0 mm). The antibiotic controls (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, clotrimazole, and cefotaxime) showed antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition within13.4±0.7–22.1±0.9 mm. The ethyl acetate extract had MIC in the range of 125–250 mg/mL against all the studied bacteria and againstC. albicansMIC was 500 mg/mL. The present results give scientific evidence and support the traditional use ofC. macrostachyusstem bark as a source for antimicrobials. We show thatC. macrostachyusstem bark lupeol is a promising antimicrobial agent against several important human pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of n-hexane and Ethyl acetate extracts of Erythrina stricta Roxb

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Mohammad Musarraf Hussain ◽  
M Mizanur Rahman Mughal ◽  
Md Masud Alam ◽  
Mohammad Golam Dastagir ◽  
AHM Masum Billah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Microbiological Investigation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The crude n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of E. stricta were subjected to microbiological investigation and were found to be significantly inhibitory to microbial growth, with the average zone of inhibition 12–17 and 10–16 mm, respectively. In the cytotoxic observation, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were found to show LC50 of 2.1 and 0.316 mg/ml respectively. Key words: Erythrina stricta; Fabaceae; Antimicrobial activities; Cytotoxicity observation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i2.9176 BJM 2010; 27(2): 65-66

scholarly journals Production of Antiseptic Tablet Aloe Vera Soap

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sulaiman Rahama ◽  
Abubakar Sani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial Soap ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

This research work aimed at investigating some phytochemical constituents present in aloe vera based antiseptic soap and its activity against some selected microorganisms. The soap was produced using hot process and the antimicrobial activity was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans using the method of agar well diffusion. The produced soap exhibited highest zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with 8.6 mm, 10.1 mm, 13.8 mm and 15.1 mm at 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL respectively, no inhibition was observed on E. Coli while the C. albicans was slightly inhibited by the soap by 7.6 mm, 9.0 mm, 13.2 mm at 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 200mg/mL respectively. The phytochemical screening conducted confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing sugar and flavonoid in the plant extract. The results of the investigations clearly indicated that aloe vera based soap had possessed antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms due to the presence of the confirmned phytoconstituents. Likewise pH, formability, and antimicrobial activity of the produced soap were comparable with the commercial soap.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antibacterial Investigations of the Extracts and Fractions from the Stem Bark ofHymenaea stigonocarpaMart. ex Hayne and Effect on Ultrastructure ofStaphylococcus aureusInduced by Hydroalcoholic Extract

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Santiago Dimech ◽  
Luiz Alberto Lira Soares ◽  
Magda Assunção Ferreira ◽  
Anne Gabrielle Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Maria da Conceição Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprints

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts and fractions obtained fromHymenaea stigonocarpastem barks. The cyclohexanic, ethyl acetate, ethanol, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by maceration. The hydroalcoholic extract was partitioned, which resulted in the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. All extracts and fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening and evaluation of total phenol and tannin contents. An HPLC-DAD and ultrastructural alterations analysis were performed. Terpenes and coumarins were detected in the cyclohexanic extract. Flavonoids and condensed tannins were present in the other extracts and fractions. The extracts with the highest contents of tannins, ethanol (EE), hydroalcoholic (HE), and aqueous fraction (AF) showed also the highest antimicrobial activity. The MIC values ranged from 64 to 526 µg/mL. The chromatographic fingerprints suggest the presence of astilbin and other flavonoids in EE and HE. Presence of the thick cell wall, undulating outer layer, abnormal septa, and leakage of the cytoplasmic contents and absence of cell wall and cell lyses were the main alterations observed onStaphylococcus aureusATCC 33591 after treatment with theHymenaea stigonocarpahydroalcoholic extract. The presence of phenolic compounds like flavonoids and tannins is possibly the reason for the antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pathmavathi ◽  
P. Thamizhiniyan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigates

Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves of Plectranthus ambionicus and  Phyllanthus amarus were screened for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) against four strains of Gram positive bacteria, three strains of Gram negative bacteria and three species of fungi. The antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus showed varied levels of antimicrobial activity against the studied bacterial and fungal pathogens. The mean zone of inhibition produced by all the tested extracts ranged from 7.0 ± 0.50 mm to 29.5 ± 0.50 mm. The MIC, MBC and MFC values were between 15.62 and 1000 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus ambionicus showed good antimicrobial activity with the highest mean zone of inhibition (29.5±0.5 mm), lowest MIC (15.62 μg/mL) and MBC (31.25 μg/mL) values followed by ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus(23.6±0.50 mm; MIC=62.5; MBC=125 μg/mL) against Aspergillus fumigates.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Adansonia digitata on E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Bilyaminu ◽  
Rufai Ali ◽  
Halima Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Two Flavans from the Stem Bark of Embelia schimperi

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Babe Guyasa ◽  
Yadessa Melaku ◽  
Milkyas Endale
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli

Embelia schemperi Vatke is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of intestinal tape worm, dysmenorrheal, bacterial, and fungal infections. Phytochemical screening test of the dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) and methanol extracts revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids whereas terpenoids, glycoside, and phytosterols were absent. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the methanol extract afforded 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavan, named epicatechin (1), along with a close flavan derivative (2). Structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis). The crude extracts and isolated compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, Shigella dysentriae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Epicatechin (1) exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (15 and 12 mm zone of inhibition, resp.) to that of the control antibiotic gentamicin, with zone of inhibition of 15 and 12 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 20 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Allium chinense G. Don.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Frans Grovy Naibaho ◽  
Maria Bintang ◽  
Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Allium Chinense

This study aims to analyze antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G. Don extract against Eschericia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, and to examine the active compounds. Allium chinense G. Don was extracted using maseration method and treated with ethanol 70% (v/v), ethanol 96% (v/v), ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and aquadest. Antimicrobial activity assay was conducted using agar difusion method and compounds analysis using Gas chromatography-mass­spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activities assay showed that all extracts could inhibit microbial growth. Ethyl acetate extract has the highest antimicrobial activity against all the microbial test. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract against C. albicans, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi was 25, 100, 250, 250, 1000 mg ml-1 respectively. As many as 25 compounds were derived from GC-MS analysis and most of them were known as the antimicrobial compounds. This study revealed that Allium chinense G. Don contains biologically active compunds as antimicrobial agent particularly anti Candida.

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