Percentage preference/proximate composition of some plants species used as livestock feed in Idemili South, Anambra State

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
C.H. Adawai ◽  
C.G. Ukpaka ◽  
B.C. Chinyere
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

The study assessed percentage preference and proximate composition of some selected plant species in Idemili South Area of Anambra State. Plants were identified and collected for herbarium preparation. A total of 23 different species belonging to 16 families were identified. These consisted of 11 trees, 4 shrubs, 3 herbs and 3 grasses. These plants were harvested, processed and stored separately. A 25 gm portion of each plant was measured and administered to 3 matured goats per day. The feeding trial lasted for 23 days. The frequency and rate of consumption of each plant was determined using a stop watch. The results showed that Manihot esculenta representing 73.3 % was highly preferred plant by all the animals while Colocasia esculenta having 18.7 % was moderately preferred. Proximate composition of the fodder was determined using standard method and results revealed that protein content ranged from 5.85% in Tridax procumbens and 23.86% in Desmodium scorpiurus. Lipid content ranged between 1.31 % and 8.37 % for Carica papaya and Manihot esculenta respectively while crude fibre content ranged from 8.09 to 33.01% in Tridax procumbens and Pennisetum purpureum respectively. The highest ash content (11.28 %) was recorded in Colocasia esculenta while the least level (2.17 %) in Tridax procumbens. Also, moisture content was observed to be highest in Manihot esculenta (10.29 %) and least in Dialium guineensis, while carbohydrate contents ranged between 13.41 % and 67.82 % for Persea americana and Tridax procumbens respectively. It could be concluded that plant species under this study were found to be rich in essential nutrients but Vernonia amygdalina, Amaranthus spinosus, Manihot esculenta, Ficus elasticoides and Milicia excelsa were most preferred plant species by experimental animals. Keywords: Plant species, goat, livestock feed, proximate composition, Idemili South Area

scholarly journals Assessment of Grasscutter Domestication for Income Generation in Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
A. N. Okeke ◽  
E. K. Oruh
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Additional Income

Grasscutter, (Thryonomys swinderianus) locally known as ‘Nchi’ can generate additional income for farmers and families but its domestication in some Nigeria is still preliminary. This study was carried out in four private Grasscutter farms within four communities; Awgbu, Nanka, Oko, and Omogho in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria, to determine the level of profitability of each farm. Sixty structured questionnaires were administered to the members of the household, fifteen in each farm but only fifty-one (85%) were retrieved and used while nine (15%) were not used. Results shows that 29% of the farmers were men while 22% were female. The largest participants (27.5%) fall within the age bracket 31-40 years, the age of responsibility. The farm in Awgbu community has the highest number of animals (24) while the farms at Nanka, Oko and Omogho, have 11, 15 and 22 respectively. The total income each farm generated during the years (2012, 2013 and 2014) were ₦330,000, ₦200,000, ₦125,000, and ₦89,000 respectively. The feed given to these animals include cassava (Manihot esculenta), maize (Zea mays), pawpaw (Carica papaya), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). The farmers indicated that their main challenges include bad roads, shortage of funds, insufficient space and lack of governmental incentives. These setbacks can be solved by the provision of developmental grants, supply of pipe-borne water, land, feeds and good roads. These can motivate farmers to increase their production to a commercial level, which will yield them more income instead of subsistence domestication.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing Methods on Proximate Composition of Cassava Varieties Manihot esculenta (Crantz) Before and After Infestation by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Eze U. Miriam ◽  
N. J. Okonkwo ◽  
Iroka F. Chisom
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cassava Varieties

In Africa, Prostephanus truncatus is a destructive pest of economic importance which has assumed a serious pest status on stored maize and dry cassava chips. This study investigates the effect of processing methods of cassava varieties Manihot esculenta on the proximate composition before and after exposure to P. truncatus. The four cassava varieties used for this study were; TMS 0505, TME 419, NR 8082 and TMS 0581 subjected to two processing method parboiling and plain sun-drying at temperature 28-34oC and relative humidity of 65-75%. The experiment was carried out in a Complete Randomized Design. Proximate composition was carried out to determine the Moisture, Ash, Crude fibre, Fat, Crude Protein and Carbohydrate of the different samples. Analysis of Variance was used for the statistical analysis of the data obtained. The result reveals that the proximate composition of the sundried chips are significant at P<0.05%. All the proximate contents of the sample were significant at P<0.05% before the introduction of P. trucatus. After the introduction of P. truncatus and the storage period of 30days, the sundried sample had a higher reduction in the moisture contents of TMS 0505 with 13.05±0.00a and carbohydrate contents of NR 8082 with 50.0±0.00a. The activity of P. truncatus also has a negative impact on some of the nutritional components of cassava chips.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of red and black finger millet (Eleusine coracana) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
M. H. Bot ◽  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
J. J. Omage ◽  
P. A. Onimisi ◽  
D. Y. Bot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The aim of determining the proximate composition of red and black finger millet/Tamba (Eleusine coracana) varieties was to ascertain their nutritional composition and their ability to be used as feed ingredients. The finger millets used in this experiment were purchased from local markets in Ganawuri of Plateau and Manchok in Kaduna States and were subjected to proximate analysis. The results revealed that the millets contained Dry Matter – 88.48 and 87.55 %; Crude Protein (CP) – 13.98 and 13.14 %; Ether Extract (EE) – 3.70 and 3.10 %; Crude Fiber (CF) – 6.67 and 7.02 %; Ash – 4.90 and 4.36 %; Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) – 59.22 and 59.84 % for the red and black finger millets, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that finger millet is a nutritious feed resource irrespective of the variety and can be incorporated into animal feed in the livestock industry. It is recommended for farmers to use the crop by incorporating into livestock feed because of its rich proximate composition.   L'objectif de la détermination de la composition immédiate des variétés de mil rouge et noir / Tamba (Eleusinecoracana) était de vérifier leur composition nutritionnelle et leur capacité à être utilisées comme ingrédients alimentaires. Des variétés de mil rouge et noir utilisées dans cette expérience ont été achetées aux marchés locaux de Ganawuri de l'état de Plateau et de Manchok del'état de Kaduna et ont été soumises à une analyse immédiate. Les résultats ont révélé que les variétés de mil contenaient de la matière sèche - 88,48 et 87,55% ; Protéine Brute (PB) –13,98 et 13,14% ; Extrait d'éther (EE) –3,70 et 3,10% ; le 'crude fibre' (CF) –6,67 et 7,02% ; Cendres – 4,90 et 4,36% ; Extrait sans azote (le 'NFE') –59,22 et 59,84% pour les mil rouges et noirs, respectivement. Sur la base de ces résultats, on peut conclure que le mil rouge et noir est une ressource alimentaire nutritive quelle que soit la variété et peut être incorporée dans l'alimentation animale dans l'industrie de l'élevage. Il est recommandé aux agriculteurs d'utiliser la culture en l'incorporant dans l'alimentation du bétail en raison de sa riche composition immédiate.

scholarly journals Heavy metal and proximate composition associated with the composting of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels used in the cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 2208-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Obodai ◽  
Hayford Ofori ◽  
Matilda Dzomeku ◽  
Richard Takli ◽  
Gregory Komlega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta

scholarly journals Effect of Drying on the Rehydration Properties of Some Selected Shellfish

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
D. B. Kiin-Kabari ◽  
N. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sample Water

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oven drying on the proximate composition and rehydration characteristics of shellfish. Shellfish studied included rough and smooth periwinkle, oyster and whelk. Proximate composition of the fresh samples were determined. Then dried in the oven to a moisture content of 10% and further rehydrated with distill water in sample water ratio of 1:40 and allowed to equilibrate. Proximate composition of the fresh shellfish showed that moisture content ranged from 82.38 to 69.24% with fresh smooth periwinkle having the highest moisture value while whelk had the lowest. The results also showed that whelk had the highest values for ash (2.92%), crude protein (18.83%) and crude fibre (3.71%) when compared to other samples. On rehydration, a moisture loss of 11.75%, 13.28%, 19.24% and 22.04% were observed for rough periwinkle, smooth periwinkle, oyster and whelk, respectively. The results for rehydration indices revealed that dehydration ratio was significantly (p<0.05) high for whelk (1.44), followed by oyster (1.29), rough periwinkle (1.23) and lastly, smooth periwinkle 1.20. Rehydration ratio of whelk (1.47) was equally significantly higher, followed by oyster (1.33) and the least were rough and smooth periwinkle (1.17). For coefficient of reconstitution, oyster recorded the highest value of 1.03, followed by whelk 1.02, rough periwinkle 0.95 and smooth periwinkle 0.98. Rate of water imbibition revealed a sharp increase in the water content of smooth periwinkle up to 240 min and thereafter, it slowed down until equilibrium was reached. In terms of rough periwinkle, oyster and whelk; water imbibition took place with rehydration time up to 300 min, 210 min and 270 min, respectively, thereafter they slowed down. The results have demonstrated that the rate in which oven drying affect the physical and nutritional qualities of shellfish differs.

scholarly journals Effects of Fermented Maize Residue Addition on the Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Chin-Chin

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Owuno Friday ◽  
Achinewu Simeon Chituru
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pasting Temperature

Chin-Chin, a traditional Nigerian snack was prepared utilizing wheat-fermented maize residue composite flour at 0 – 30% replacement levels. Effects of this addition on the functional and pasting properties of the flour composite was evaluated. The snack produced was also evaluated for its sensory attributes, proximate composition and invitro-protein digestibility (IVPD). Functional properties results showed an increase in water absorption capacity (WAC), a decrease in oil absorption capacity (OAC), decrease in Bulk Density (BD), swelling power and solubility index with residue addition. Pasting property results showed a drop in the value of peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosity with substitution while set back viscosity increased.Peak temperature decreased, but values for pasting temperature showed no significant difference between the control and the blends. Results for sensory evaluation showed equal preference for overall acceptability. Proximate composition results showed residue addition led to an increase in crude fibre and protein content with a drop in the carbohydrate value. Residue addition did not increase protein digestibility. Addition of fermented maize residue in chin-chin production can be another way of utilizing the fibre rich by-product of the production of fermented maize starch.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on the Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritional Compositions and Anti-nutritional Levels of Glycine max Fermented Products: Tempeh and Soy-Iru

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
T. R. Omodara ◽  
E. Y. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Fungal Fermentation ◽  
Fermented Products

Aims: A comparative study of fungi and bacteria fermentation of soybean (Glycine max) was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation on the nutritional composition of their fermented products: tempeh and ‘soy-iru’. Study Design: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, between August, 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Soybean was processed into ‘soy-iru’ (bacterial fermentation) and tempeh (fungal fermentation) and the microbial load, physico-chemical properties, proximate composition, levels of anti-nutritional components (trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid), anti-oxidants (total phenol, total flavonoid and DPPH), in-vitro protein digestibility and vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E) were analyzed. Results: The microbial load, pH increased progressively during fermentation, while there was a decrease in the titratable acidity (TTA) of the two products. The protein(%), ash(%) and fat(%) contents of the Glycine max cotyledons increased from 29.56, 1.86 and 24.36 in unfermented substrate to 33.61, 2.21 and 26.90, respectively, after 24hrs of fermentation to produce tempeh. However, there was a reduction in the crude fibre(%) and carbohydrate(%) content from 2.94 and 41.29 in unfermented substrate to 2.53 and 32.57, respectively, after 24hrs of fermentation. Similar trends were observed during the production of ‘soy-iru’, however the change in proximate composition was not as significant as observed in tempeh. There was significant decrease in the trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid levels of the two products. The levels of anti-oxidants, vitamins B, D, E and protein digestibility increased significantly, in both bacterial and fungal-fermented products. Conclusion: This research has therefore shown that fungal fermentation of Glycine max seeds into tempeh may be a better alternative to ‘soy-iru’ which was obtained from bacterial fermentation, because of the significant lower level anti-nutritional factors in the former.

scholarly journals Apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler starter fed varying levels of processed taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal based diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Ajetunmobi ◽  
S. A. Eguaoje ◽  
C. A. Adeniji ◽  
M. T. Omesa ◽  
A. Iwegbu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Poultry Farmers

A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent nutrient digestibility of 120, one-day old broiler starter chicks fed varying levels of Parboiled sundried taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal (PSCM). Four treatments were formulated with diet one containing 100% maize as control, while in diet two, three and four parboiled sundried cocoyam meal (PSCM) replaced the percentage proportion of maize in diet one at 50, 75 and 100% inclusion levels respectively. Thirty (30) birds were randomly assigned to the four treatment diets in a complete randomized designed (CRD) and each treatment group contained three replicates with ten (10) birds each. Ground fed feed and voided faecal samples collected after a 4-day feeding in a metabolic cage were analyzed for their respective proximate constituent. Apparent nutrient digestibility revealed that crude fibre was significantly (P<0.05) higher in diet 4 while crude ash was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control. Digestible ether extract and NFE were significantly (P<0.05) higher among birds placed on 50% PSCM. It is therefore concluded that parboiled sundried taro cocoyam meal (PSCM) could replace 50% of maize in broiler starter diet without any deleterious effect. However, substituting maize with parboiled sundried taro cocoyam meal at 50% replacement level improved nutrient digestibility and is hereby recommended for poultry farmers.

scholarly journals Studi Etnobotani Masyarakat di Sekitar Kawasan Hutan Bedugul Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
I Dewa Putu Darma ◽  
Arief Priyadi ◽  
Rajif Iryadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris ◽  
Environment Sustainability

The Ethnobotany study of society advantage knowing plant species that be used and this usefulness. This study purpose identification plant’s utilization and local wisdom in Bedugul area. This method is purposive sampling that based profession with interview to Dukun, Baten, housewife, Farmer, craftsmen and builder. Filed data were processed with quantitative to get the benefit index (BI) on 181 species. Top ten species have been the highest of BI such as: Musa paradisiaca (0.026718), Arenga pinnata (0.022901), Artocarpus integer (0.015267), Cocos nucifera (0.015267), Colocasia esculenta (0.015267), Curcuma domestica (0.015267), Schizostachyum brachyckadum (0.015267), Moringa oleifera (0.01145), Aleurites moluccanus (0.01145) & Allium sativum (0.01145). Four of them have rare status i. e: Borassus flabellifer, Alstonia scholaris, Eeucresta horsfieldii & Saurauia bracteosa. Bali culture which has reserved with conservation education (Tumpek Wariga ceremony, Wana Kertih & Danau Kertih) makes the environment sustainability.  

Influence of various feeding regimes on the performance of Archachatina marginata snail

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
C. N. Okocha ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

This study was to evaluate the growth response of Archachatina marginata as influenced by four natural diets: Pawpaw (Carica papaya) cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves and growers mash (a compounded ration). One hundred and twenty (120) grower snails (Archachatina marginata) were purchased from a farm in Ibadan, Oyo State. Data were collected on the growth parameters (weight, length and circumference of shell of the snails arranged in a Completely Randomized Design and replicated three (3) times. The results showed that pawpaw (Carica papaya) recorded the highest mean in all the parameters measured and throughout the duration of the experiment. Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) leaf had a better mean than the Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves in terms of weight gained whereas the reverse is the case in terms of length and circumference of shell. Pawpaw (Carica papaya) is therefore, recommended to both local and small scale farmers in Abia State and in Nigeria for feeding their snails and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) leaves and growers mash as an alternate feed.

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