scholarly journals Remediative Capacity of Crude Oil-polluted Soil After Exposure to Poultry Manure and Phosphate Minerals

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1900
Author(s):  
N.O Evbuomwan ◽  
F.E. Oviasogie ◽  
P.O. Oviasogie ◽  
B. Ikhajiagbe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of two soil amendments (poultry manure and phosphate rock minerals) on the intrinsic remediation capacity of a crude oil-contaminated soil. Well drained top soil (0-10 cm) was polluted with crude oil at the rate of 0.02mL/g of soil and amended with phosphate rock (PR) and poultry manure in three batches at 20 g, 30 g, 40 g and 50 g per 500 g of soil respectively in plastic bowls. Soil samples were collected from plastic bowls for physicochemical, microbiological, biodegradability and total hydrocarbon contents analyses. Results revealed improvement in physicochemical parameters in pH, total nitrogen and phosphorus of 7.00-7.50, 0.12-0.22 %, and 13.20- 65.42 mg/100 g after remediation against 4.30, 0.02 % and 6.05 mg/100 g recorded in day zero respectively. Bacillus subtilis (2.01), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.94), Mucor mucedo (2.47) and Penicillium notatum (2.43) had high biodegradation potential (NTU). The remediation efficiency of total hydrocarbon content after remediation was enhanced by two factors; increased concentrations of amendments of 50 g of poultry manure (4.62 mg/100 g; 66.45 %) and phosphate rock (0.33 mg/100 g; 97.60 %); And by application of combined amendments of both poultry manure and phosphate rock (0.19 mg/100 g; 98.62 %) compared to control (8.46mg/100 g; 38.56 %). Poultry manure and phosphate rock amendments enhance bioremediation efficiency in clean-up of crude oil polluted site and obviously a contamination free environment is a healthy and safe environment for all.Keywords: Bioremediation, Poultry manure, Phosphate mineral, Hydrocarbon content

scholarly journals Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Mediated Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Bobor ◽  
B. E. Omosefe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Phytoremediation is an economic and environmentally friendly method for the remediation of hazardous crude oil contaminated soils. In this study, phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soils by elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum) was investigated over a 40-day period. Grass clumps were harvested and transplanted into plastic buckets filled with 1kg of soil contaminated with 30 ml and 40 ml of crude oil and an uncontaminated control sample. An additional control sample was contaminated with 30 ml of crude oil with no elephant grass. The samples were analyzed periodically for changes in pH, total hydrocarbon content, total viable bacterial count, and total fungal count. The pH of the soil samples generally ranged from 5.26 to 7.85. After 40 days of treatment, the total hydrocarbon content decreased from 320 mg/kg to 38 mg/kg and from 590 mg/kg to 46 mg/kg in samples contaminated with 30 ml and 40 ml of crude oil respectively. Plant growth was uninhibited in contaminated and control samples as the heights increased by 34.5-42.8 cm. The results of the study further demonstrate the phytoremediation capabilities and tolerance of elephant grass in crude-oil contaminated microcosms.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 on Crude Oil Spill Polluted Marshland and Terrestrial Soil Treated with Oil Spill Dispersant

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Renner Renner Nrior ◽  
Augusta Ogechi Inweregbu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Aim: To investigate bioremediation potentiality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 on crude oil Polluted Marshland and Terrestrial Soil treated with oil spill dispersant Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of data and interpretation. Place and Duration of the Study: Soil samples were collected from K-Dere, Gokana L.G.A, and were transported to the Microbiology Laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria for analyses while Oil spill dispersant (OSD/LT and OSD/Seacare) were from Barker and Hughes Nig Ltd (formally mil park Nigeria limited), all in Rivers state, Nigeria. This investigation study lasted for 28 days and sampling was done every 7day period. Methodology: Eight experimental set up were carried out using Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 as the bio-augmenting organism in terrestrial and marshland soil contaminated with two Oil spill dispersant (OSD/LT and OSD/Seacare) separately. Controls for the two soil types were made without organism and treatment. Its bioremediation potential on the pollutants and two types of soil were monitored for 28 days. The setup was tilled twice a week to provide moisture and more oxygen for the organisms to thrive. Analysis of pH, Temperature, Moisture content, Total Hydrocarbon Content, Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, Dispersant Utilizing Bacteria was carried out at weekly intervals. Results: The pH of both soils ranged from 5.75 to 7.37; temperature from 270C to 340C; moisture content 03 to 0.6 across the soil samples. Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) showed a steady decline from day 1 – 28. The percentage (%) bioremediation rates of polluted soils were as follows: Terrestrial soil+OSD/Seacare+Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 69.4% > Terrestrial soil+OSD/LT+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 65.9% > Marshland soil+OSD/Seacare+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 52.6% > Marshland soil+OSD/Seacare+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 47.6%. Dispersant utilizing bacterial count in marshland and terrestrial soil ranged from 6.013 to 7.338 log10Cfu/g and 6.045 to 7.301 log10Cfu/g respectively from Day 1 to 28. Conclusion:  From the investigation, it revealed that Oil spill dispersants are more degradable in terrestrial soil than marshland soil. OSD/Seacare is more biodegradable than OSD/LT in both terrestrial and marshland soil augmented with Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570. Thus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 have been found to be a potential bioremediation agent in oil spill dispersant polluted marshland and terrestrial soil.

scholarly journals Impact of Illegal Crude Oil Refining in Jike-ama River of Bille Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Nwachoko, Ndidi ◽  
Davies, Bekinbo ◽  
Tetam, Jack Gbenenee
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Oil exploration and exploitation is a lucrative business and one of the major sources of revenue in Nigeria. Each year, hundreds of post-impact assessment (PIA) studies are conducted to assess the impact of the hazards generated by the oil industry on social environment and on human health. This hazardous impact is the associated with the activities of illegal refining of crude oil. Thus, this work examined the impact of illegal crude oil refining activities in Jike-Ama river of Jike-Ama community. Shellfish, fish, surface water and sediment samples were randomly collected in triplicates. Physiochemical parameters, heavy metal content, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total hydrocarbon content of the water in addition to heavy metal content and PAHs in fish, Shellfish and sediment were determined. The results of the physicochemical parameters showed that pH, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, turbidity and total hydrocarbon content of water were above FEPA permissible limits while chloride, nitrate and sulphate detected in water were within FEPA permissible limits. Dissolved oxygen was observed to be below FEPA permissible limit. The mean concentration of heavy metals and PAHs in sediment showed significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with values for Shellfish and fish and were above FEPA and WHO permissible limits. Shellfish had higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than fish. PAHs values in shellfish showed significant difference (p<0.05). Heavy metals concentration in fish were above permissible limits except Cr, Zn and Pb. Concentration of PAHs in fish, shellfish, surface water and sediment were generally above FEPA and WHO permissible limits. This findings suggests high concentration of contaminants in Jike-Ama river.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of artificially crude oil polluted soil of veritas University Abuja using poultry manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-507
Author(s):  
Ozioma L. Ugwu ◽  
Michael U. Orji ◽  
Odera R. Umeh ◽  
Benjamin Nma Yisa ◽  
Anthonia O. Oyegue
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content

The removal of hydrocarbon compounds from the environment has always been a difficult undertaking for people all over the world. As a result, remedial efforts are required to safeguard the environment as well as to restore agriculture. This study looked at how poultry manure (dung) could help in the bioremediation of Veritas University's intentionally crude oil polluted soil. The physical properties of the soil and total petroleum hydrocarbon content of the crude oil polluted soil were determined, followed by the isolation and identification of microorganisms present in the soil and poultry manure before and after pollution with crude oil. These analyses were done according to standard operating procedures. Within a six-month timeframe, the natural attenuation and poultry manure amendment option for remediating the crude oil-polluted soil were monitored and the residual hydrocarbon content of the polluted soil after remediation evaluated. There was an overall decrease in pH level during the experimental units containing 4 g amendment, 2 g amendment and the untreated polluted soil in the order 8.4 to 7.1, 8.4 to 7.2 and 8.1 to 6.7, respectively. Temperature was within 27oC and 31oC, the treated soil that contained 4 g dung had an initial moisture content of 58%, and 35% after remediation. The hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus species, and Bacillus species, while the hydrocarbon utilizing fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Candida albicans. There was more significant microbial increase in the sample containing 4 g poultry manure treatment than 2 g poultry manure treatment and natural attenuation. Total hydrocarbon quantity significantly decreased after six months with the complete removal of C4, C7, C19 and C37 from the treated sample containing 4 g poultry manure. This indicated that the negative effects of crude oil on the environment can be mitigated by adding poultry manure.

scholarly journals Impacts of Artisanal Crude Oil Refining Activities on Soil Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Douglas, Salome Ibietela ◽  
Cornelius, Blessing Tamunonegiyeofori
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Aim: To evaluate the effect of illegal crude oil refining activities on soil microorganisms using standard microbiological methods. Study Design: This study employs laboratory experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study:  Soil samples were taken once a month for three months (May- July, 2018) from Ke in Degema Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, where illegal crude oil refining activities are ongoing. Methodology: Using standard microbiological methods, total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts, total fungal counts, Hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial and fungal counts were analysed to evaluate the effect of the activities. Total hydrocarbon content of the soil samples was also analysed. Results: The populations of the total heterotrophic bacterial, fungal and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) and fungal (HUF) counts of the contaminated soil were enumerated. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial counts in Station 1 around the pot ranged from 2.5 x 105 to 1.8 x 106cfu/g, fungal counts ranged from 2.1 x 103 to 4.4 x 104cfu/g, HUB (HUB) counts ranged from 4.2 x 104 to 6.4 x 105cfu/g and hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) counts ranged from 1.5 x 103 to 4.0 x 103cfu/g. The results of soil samples taken 20m away from the Pot location ranged from 7.0 x 105 to 8.2 x 106cfu/g for total heterotrophic bacterial counts, fungal counts ranged from 2.3 x 103 to 1.5 x 104cfu/g, HUB ranged from 4.7 x 104 to 5.7 x 105cfu/g and HUF ranged from 2.0 x 103 to 3.5 x 103cfu/g. Also, the results of total heterotrophic bacterial counts for Station 2 ranged from; 4.3 x 105 to 3.3 x 106cfu/g, fungi 2.0 x 103 to 3.3 x 104cfu/g, HUB ranged from 3.8 X 104 to 5.4 x 104cfu/g  and HUF 1.6 x 103 to 3.5 x 103cfu/g, while 20m away from the Pot total heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.3 x 107 to 6.5 x 107cfu/g, fungi 5.8 x 103 to 1.4 x 105cfu/g, HUB 5.4 x 104 to 1.1x 105cfu/g and HUF 3.1 x 103 to 4.7 x 104cfu/g. While the control samples taken from inside the community where no such activity is on, ranged from 2.6 x 107 to 7.9 x 107cfu/g for total heterotrophic bacterial counts, total heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from 2.8 x 104 to 5.3 x 104cfu/g, HUB 2.0 x 102 to 3.1 x 102cfu/g and HUF 2.0 x 101 to 2.3 x 101cfu/g. twelve bacterial genera were identified and eight fungal genera: Bacillus, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Proteus, Serratia, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Penicillum, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Geotrichum, Candida, and Cladosporium. Total hydrocarbon content ranged from 106 to 281mg/kg across the locations.  When compared with the control, it was observed that the microbial population and diversity were adversely affected. These variations observed in the microbial population are indicative of the effect of the illegal refinery on the soil microorganisms. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that the continuous contamination of the soil environment by the activities of illegal crude oil refining, lead to a decrease in microbial population and diversity. This may result in devastating ecological damage, adversely affecting the ecological balance which may affect food chain and in turn animals and humans.

Determinants of Inflation in Vietnam: A VECM Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 26-50
Author(s):  
Ngoc Tran Thi Bich ◽  
Huong Pham Hoang Cam
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to examine the main determinants of inflation in Vietnam during the period from 2002Q1 to 2013Q2. The cointegration theory and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach are used to examine the impact of domestic credit, interest rate, budget deficit, and crude oil prices on inflation in both long and short terms. The results show that while there are long-term relations among inflation and the others, such factors as oil prices, domestic credit, and interest rate, in the short run, have no impact on fluctuations of inflation. Particularly, the budget deficit itself actually has a short-run impact, but its level is fundamentally weak. The cause of the current inflation is mainly due to public's expectations of the inflation in the last period. Although the error correction, from the long-run relationship, has affected inflation in the short run, the coefficient is small and insignificant. In other words, it means that the speed of the adjustment is very low or near zero. This also implies that once the relationship among inflation, domestic credit, interest rate, budget deficit, and crude oil prices deviate from the long-term trend, it will take the economy a lot of time to return to the equilibrium state.

Self-Esteem and Loneliness as Predicting Factors of Arab Children Achievement İn Kuala Lumpur

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma'a Abdel Fattah Alhoot ◽  
Ssekamanya Sıraje Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Arab Children ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Arab Schools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Taking into consideration the fact that self-esteem and loneliness have an even more important role to play in students' learning, this study seeks to examine the correlation of these two factors with children academic performance. The study involved 499 (grade 4 to grade 9) Arab children studying at Arab schools in Kuala Lumpur-Malaysia. Data were collected via two questionnaires (one for loneliness and the other for self-esteem). The correlational data analysis yielded a negative correlation between loneliness and academic achievement while there is a positive correlation between self-esteem and achievement. Results also suggested that there is no correlation between students' gender, age, and academic achievement. Furthermore, the results revealed that self-esteem is a good predictor of achievement while loneliness and gender are not good predictors. The findings of the present study are discussed in relation to the relevant literature, taking into consideration the impact of children mental health on their academic achievement. Finally, recommendations for further research are presented.

Heterotrophic Kinetic Parameter Estimation for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes Operated in Conventional and Membrane-Assisted Modes

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Eric R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Abstract Parameter estimation and wastewater characterization are crucial for modelling of the membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process. Prior to determining the values of a subset of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters used in ASM No. 2 (ASM2), the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fractions of influent wastewater at the University of British Columbia (UBC) pilot plant were characterized. It was found that the UBC wastewater contained fractions of volatile acids (SA), readily fermentable biodegradable COD (SF) and slowly biodegradable COD (XS) that fell within the ASM2 default value ranges. The contents of soluble inert COD (SI) and particulate inert COD (XI) were somewhat higher than ASM2 default values. Mixed liquor samples from pilot-scale MEBPR and conventional enhanced biological phosphorus removal (CEBPR) processes operated under parallel conditions, were then analyzed experimentally to assess the impact of operation in a membrane-assisted mode on the growth yield (YH), decay coefficient (bH) and maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophic biomass (µH). The resulting values for YH, bH and µH were slightly lower for the MEBPR train than for the CEBPR train, but the differences were not statistically significant. It is suggested that MEBPR simulation using ASM2 could be accomplished satisfactorily using parameter values determined for a conventional biological phosphorus removal process, if MEBPR parameter values are not available.

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