Assessment of the Factors Responsible For the Use of Illicit Drugs by Medical Students in Sports in a Tertiary Institution in Delta State, Nigeria

The use of illicit drugs in recent times in modern sport has become an issue of growing concern. This study assessed the factors responsible for the use of illicit drugs by medical students in sports in Delta State University Abraka The target population included five departments in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences of Delta State University Abraka. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted among 1,436 medical student athletes of the College of Health Sciences of Delta State University Abraka and random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 143 respondents. A researcher-made confidential questionnaire was the instrument used for the collection of data. A coefficient index score (r) of 0.78 was obtained which ascertained the internal consistency of the instrument was reliable. A total of 120 questionnaires were successfully retrieved and used for data analysis. Mean score and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were adopted as statistical tools for analyzing the obtained data. There was significant (p<0.05) relationship between the age of medical students and their knowledge of illicit drugs used in sports, however, there was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between the gender of the students and their knowledge of illicit drugs used in sports. Similarly, there was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between type of school of medical students and knowledge of illicit drugs used in sports. Findings from the study further equally revealed that there was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between parental background and medical students’ knowledge of use of illicit drugs in sports. Based on the findings of this study, it is obvious age was supported to determine the use of illicit drugs in sports by medical in sports, hence, the need for stringent policies to be censored especially towards the age requirement for medical student participation while adopting adequate measures to curtail the use of illicit drug among medical students. Keywords: Illicit drugs, Sports, Gender, Age, Medical students

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PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN IN ANYIGBA, DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i1.138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 01-07

Author(s):

Alfred Eboh

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Well Being ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceived Effects ◽

The Government

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.

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Gender and Transaction Costs in Use of Zero Grazing Net for Tsetse Fly and Trypanosomiasis Control in Stall Feeding Systems in Kenya

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v7n3p96 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Jared Isaboke Mose

Keyword(s):

Transaction Costs ◽

Institutional Economics ◽

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

New Institutional Economics ◽

Tsetse Fly ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Zero Grazing

Trypanosomiasis is a widespread constraint in livestock production, mixed farming and human health in Africa. Several technologies have been developed to ameliorate the effects of the disease but delivery of these technologies to farmers has been undertaken on trial and error basis without a proper strategy leading to more failure than success and wastage of scarce resources. The purpose of this paper was to carry out an analysis of transaction costs incurred in accessing and using insecticide treated net in tsetse and trypanosomiasis control among smallholder cattle farms in Busia County, Kenya. The study utilized cross–sectional survey design and was guided by the New Institutional Economics approach and utilized stratified and simple random sampling technique to get 211 respondents for the study. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conjoint analysis results for zero grazing net showed that cost was the most important factor influencing farmers’ decision, accounting for 38.52% of the total while durability and availability each accounted for 25% and retreatability accounted for 10% of the decisions. Further t-test results showed that there were significant differences between men and women with respect to attribute scores (at 99 d.f. and alpha = 0.05%) suggesting that men and women face different transaction costs in accessing T&T control technologies. Therefore there is need for gender sensitive strategies in T&T technology design and dissemination. Tsetse fly and Trypanosomiasis control by use of low cost technologies such as insecticide treated zero grazing net should be promoted by government and other development partners. The net should be affordable, available at supply outlets close to farmers, long lasting and re-treatable for famers to take it up.

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Leadership Styles of Principals Based on Setting, Zone, and Location of Public Colleges of Education in Ghana

Education Quarterly Reviews ◽

10.31014/aior.1993.04.02.293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kweku Esia-Donkoh ◽

◽

David Kwame Quansah ◽

Keyword(s):

Leadership Styles ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Survey Design ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Public Colleges ◽

National Council ◽

Colleges Of Education ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

This study investigated the leadership styles of principals in public Colleges of Education (CoEs) in Ghana based on the setting, zone and location of the colleges. The quantitative method of the cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The census sampling technique was employed to obtain 38 principals for the study. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Bass and Avolio (2004) was adapted to collect data from the principals. Means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were utilised in analysing the data. The descriptive analysis established that generally, principals of public CoEs in Ghana mostly used transformational leadership style as compared to transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles. The inferential analyses also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the leadership styles of the principals based on setting, zone and location of the colleges. Among the recommendations is that the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC), formerly known as the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), should consider competence when selecting and appointing principals and not the setting, zone and location of public CoEs because generally, these variables did not statistically significantly determine the leadership styles adopted by the principals.

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Burnout experience of secondary and preparatory school teachers in West Gojjam and Awi zone in Amhara regional state

Research in Pedagogy ◽

10.5937/istrped2002133w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 133-148

Author(s):

Anteneh Wulolign ◽

Solomon Adane ◽

Solomon Kassie

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Primary Data ◽

School Teachers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preparatory School ◽

Regional State ◽

West Gojjam

The purpose of the study was to assess Burnout experience of secondary and preparatory school teachers in West Gojjam and Awi Zones in Amhara regional state. Participants of the study were selected by simple random sampling technique. The study employed cross-sectional survey design method to answer the proposed research objectives regarding burnout experience by secondary school and preparatory school teachers. The primary data collection tool for the study was questionnaire. The level of burnout was assessed using standardized questionnaire, and these standardized questionnaires were adopted from the original English version Maslch burnout inventory Human service Survey to assess the level of burnout. The descriptive statistics on the mean scores of the three dimensions of burnout indicated that teachers were experiencing high levels of burnout in all the three dimensions of burnout. The independent samples t-test result showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (male and female) in EE and PA burnout levels (t= 1.35, df = 286, p =.176 >.05) and (t= -1.007, df = 286, p =.315 >.05).

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Why Do Students Engage in Examination Malpractice? The University for Development Studies Experience

Journal of Social Science Studies ◽

10.5296/jsss.v7i1.15326 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

John Dadzie Thompson ◽

Gilbert Ansoglenang ◽

Suuk Laar

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Academic Dishonesty ◽

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Development Studies ◽

Body Parts ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

Any form of examination malpractice is unacceptable, fraudulent, and signifies an act of academic dishonesty with significant punitive consequences. This paper investigated the reasons why students engage in examination malpractice during examinations at the University for Development Studies (UDS). The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design for this research and targeted undergraduate students of the Tamale Campus of the UDS. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 278 out of a total student population of 6,729 for the study. They responded mainly to questionnaire and a few open ended questions to provide the needed data for analysis. The findings suggest that (i) smuggling of prepared notes on pieces of papers (foreign material) into the examination hall,(ii) writing of examination answers on palms, thighs and other body parts, and (iii) communication by seeking for answers from colleagues are the three topmost forms/methods students engage to cheat during examinations. The desire to obtain good grades just as the more intelligent students pushes some students to cheat during examinations. The introduction of scanners and e-search software, the spacing of sitting arrangements, installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in large examination halls may help curb cheating.

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Awareness of Rules Given in Punjab Education Code at Secondary School Level: A Case Study of Head Teachers in the District Sheikhupura

ISSUE1 - Journal of Peace, Development & Communication ◽

10.36968/jpdc-v04-i03-27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 4 (Issue 3) ◽

pp. 512-531

Author(s):

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Dr. Abida Nasreen ◽

Ambreen Iftikhar

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

General Purpose ◽

School Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Teachers ◽

School Head ◽

Secondary School Level ◽

Awareness Level

The general purpose of the research is to investigate the school head teachers’ awareness level about rules related to Punjab Education Code. The nature of the study is descriptive and a cross-sectional survey design has used for this study. The sample consists of 100 head teachers of secondary schools in the district of Sheikhupura. The sample was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. To measure the awareness level about the Punjab Education Code a questionnaire is used to collect the mandatory information. The questionnaire is comprised of the items related to head teachers’ awareness level of rules given in the Punjab education code. The data produced by the instrument is tabulated and analyzed through the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the research questions, descriptive statistical techniques are applied. The results of this study are showed that most of the head teachers are not having complete awareness of the rules given in the Punjab Education Code.

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What medical students think about measurement of their wellbeing and the implications for pastoral support: cross sectional survey and qualitative interviews

10.1101/2021.08.24.21262526 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gemma Simons ◽

Raymond Effah ◽

David Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Medical Student ◽

Medical Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Teaching Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Medical ◽

The Individual

Objectives To find out how, why and when medical students think wellbeing should be measured. Design A mixed methods study comprising a cross-sectional online survey (November 2020-March 2021) and semi-structured on-line interviews. Views on the frequency of availability for measurement, the format, type and purpose of measurement, and with whom wellbeing should be discussed were measured. When an outcome was scored 7-9 on a 9-point Likert scale of agreement by ≥75% of participants it was considered critical, in line with COMET and GRADE processes for rating recommendations. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken on the interview transcripts by two independent researchers. Setting All Medicine programmes at University of Southampton. Participants Medical students from all years took part in the survey (n=118) and interviews (n=16). Results Participant demographics were similar to national medical student demographics. Most participants (94%) felt able to give 5 minutes to measure their wellbeing at least once a month. No single format of measurement was rated critical. Research, governance and individual feedback all reached the 75% threshold for the purpose being considered critically important. Only subjective assessments undertaken by the individual in real-time were rated as critically important (78.1%) measurement tools. Students selected that they would discuss their wellbeing with other medical students (n=87) nearly as often as they selected a member of the Faculty (n=104). Top determinants of wellbeing picked by medical students were energy, ability to do activities of daily living, and negative feelings. Five interview themes further explained these findings. Conclusions Five recommendations about self-care teaching, quality-assured pastoral and peer support, proactive wellbeing check-ins and demographic data are discussed in light of these findings. Methods to achieve them are suggested, which are medical student-centred, and which make use of existing resources.

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Socio-economic Variable of Parents as a Correlate Promoting Teenage Pregnancy Among Medical Students in Delta State University, Abraka

10.21203/rs.3.rs-46789/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze ◽

Simon Irikefe Ovuakporaye ◽

Tarela Elias M Daubry ◽

Tochukwu Nnamdi Nnama ◽

Richard Nduka Ossai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Medical Students ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Educational Background ◽

Economic Variable ◽

State University ◽

Ex Post ◽

Delta State University

Abstract Purpose: The incidence of teenage pregnancy has attracted global concern due to its impact on the teen’s maternal health, the overall wellbeing of the child and the society at large. This study examined socio-economic variable of parents as a correlate promoting teenage pregnancy among medical students in Delta State University, Abraka Delta State. Methods: The Ex-Post Facto method was chosen as the research design for the study. 294 female medical students were selected from a total of 982 students from the medical college using simple random sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection was a self-structured and well-designed questionnaire containing 25 multiple choice items based on the research questions developed in the study. 278 questionnaires were successful retrieved from the field and was used for data analysis. Frequency count, percentages, mean score and Pearson product moment correlation were employed as the statistical technique for data analysis. SPSS version 21.0 was utilized for data analysis. Results: Findings from this study revealed that parental income (p=0.003) and occupation (p=0.005) were the viable parents’ socio-economic variable promoting teenage pregnancy among medical students in Delta State University, Abraka when compared to educational background (p=0.343), religion (p=0.307) and marital status (p=0.053) variables that were not significantly related. Conclusions: It appears that significant number of adolescent female students who become pregnant has to leave school and this have a long-term implication for them as individual, their family and their community. Therefore, effective parent-daughter relationships and school-based reproductive health education programmes are strongly recommended.

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KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF MEDICATION ERROR AMONG NURSES IN FEDERAL NEURO-PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL, CALABAR

Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies ◽

10.47760/cognizance.2021.v01i06.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 20-44

Author(s):

Edet Okon Umoh ◽

Blessing Oduenyi Opue

Keyword(s):

Staff Development ◽

Medication Error ◽

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Working Environment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

This study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude of medication among Nurses in Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar. Three (3) research questions were raised and one hypothesis formulated to direct the study. The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used to study a total of one hundred and two (102) nurses selected from the study area using the stratified random sampling technique. A well developed and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was duly validated and its reliability ensured. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count, simple percentage, mean, weighted mean, and standard deviation. The study hypothesis was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis with its significance level set at 0.05. Findings of the study revealed that majority (73.6%) of the nurses used for the study had adequate knowledge of medication error, and majority (72.6%) had positive attitude towards prevention of medication error in the Hospital. Factors that affect safe medication practices among the nurses include: individual negligence, excessive workload, inadequate staff strength, poor working environment, lack of staff development and training, lack of equipment and supplies, non-regular review of patient’s drugs by doctors, and prescription of under dosage drug by doctors. There is a statistically significant and positive relationship between knowledge and attitude of nurses towards prevention of medication error. Based on these findings, it was recommended that government should employ more qualified nurses to increase the strength of nurses in the Hospital and improve the nurse-patient ratio to avoid excessive workload which is a strong and significant contributing factor to medication error among nurses in the Hospital.

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How COVID-19 is Affecting Apprentices

BioMedica ◽

10.51441/biomedica//biomedica/5-423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2S) ◽

pp. 265-269

Author(s):

Shamaila Hassnain ◽

Naureen Omar

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

World Health ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World

Background and Objective: Coronavirus induced disease (COVID-19) is affecting people all around the world. The rising number of deaths due to COVID-19 is not only harassing people but also causing strong emotions in adults as well as in children due to anxiety, fear and stress. The objective of this study was to assess the fears, anxiety and stress due to COVID-19 pandemic and related issues among the apprentices at various levels in different parts of world. Methods: It was a cross sectional survey design to assess the students/trainee’s immediate psychological response during COVID-19 outbreak by using an anonymous online questionnaire. A snowball sampling technique was conducted focusing general public all around the world from 3rd April 2020 till 7th April 2020. A total of N=354 participants filled the form completely. The structured questionnaire collected information on demographic data and psychological aspect of this outbreak, including extreme fear and uncertainty. Results: A total of N = 354 participants completed the questionnaire; majority were from the age group of 21–30 years. Approximately 66.4% were females and 33.6% males. Participants from Asia were 83.6% while 9.9%, 3.4%, 2.8% and 1% from America/Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia respectively. Out of n = 354 participants 59.3% were relying on health professionals for authentic source of information regarding COVID-19 while 16.4%, 15% and 5.4% considered social media, television and World Health Organization (WHO) website respectively as their authentic guide. Out of the (n = 354) participants 80.5% were afraid about health status during COVID-19 most predominantly females (66.3%) (P = 0.000). A total of 65.8% participants felt agitated or irritated in this outbreak. Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdowns are affecting both physical and mental health of students and apprentices enrolled at different levels of education. Females are more affected and concerned to their loved ones and themselves. Working norms are being maintained and responsibilities are being fulfilled despite this grave situation.

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