scholarly journals Heavy Metal Toxicosis and Male Fertility: The Role of Pentahydroxyflavone Quercetin: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287
Author(s):  
S.I. Salihu ◽  
I.L. Yusuf ◽  
A. Abba ◽  
M.B. Tijjani ◽  
U.A. Maina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

The effect of heavy metals (HMs) has been extensively studied. They cause diverse clinical manifestation through various mechanisms. Male fertility is among the most disturbing effect of HMs affecting family life in human and reproduction in animals. Notably among these effects is interference with the reproductive hormones, morphology and function of reproductive organs, sexual behaviors, and the spermiogram. Quercetin is a dietary flavanoid from edible plants and, has proven pharmacological properties in the treatment and management of many disease conditions. Quercetin ameliorates the adverse effects of HMs on male reproductive hormones by increasing the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β- HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the synthesis of testosterone. Quercetin chelates HMs, scavenge free radicals, and other cytotoxicant capable of disrupting the morphology and function of the male reproductive system. Apart from it neuroprotective activity on the pituitary gland and increased steroidogenesis, quercetin mitigate neurotransmitter that aid in copulation and improve histopathological changes in the brain due to HMs toxicity to improve sexual behavior. Quercetin was also found to be effective in increasing sperm count, daily sperm production, mortility, viability, and also decreased in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology due to HMs toxicity. In conclusion quercetin was found to be effective in mitigating HMs toxicity that affects male fertility, and so, it is recommended to be incorporated into the treatment and management of HMs toxicity. Individuals who are at risk of HMs toxicity should take dietary plants that contain quercetin to minimize the effects of these metals.

Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Khouri ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Mohammed Z. Allouh ◽  
Ahmad S. Alkofahi
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
And Function

Abstract: The effects of: Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs’ weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential.: Results indicated that body and organs’ weights were increased significantly in mice treated with: We can conclude that

scholarly journals Kindlin-2 in Sertoli cells is essential for testis development and male fertility in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Chi ◽  
Weiwei Luo ◽  
Jiagui Song ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Tiantian Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Barrier Structure ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Sperm Development

AbstractKindlin-2 is known to play important roles in the development of mesoderm-derived tissues including myocardium, smooth muscle, cartilage and blood vessels. However, nothing is known for the role of Kindlin-2 in mesoderm-derived reproductive organs. Here, we report that loss of Kindlin-2 in Sertoli cells caused severe testis hypoplasia, abnormal germ cell development and complete infertility in male mice. Functionally, loss of Kindlin-2 inhibits proliferation, increases apoptosis, impairs phagocytosis in Sertoli cells and destroyed the integration of blood-testis barrier structure in testes. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 interacts with LATS1 and YAP, the key components of Hippo pathway. Kindlin-2 impedes LATS1 interaction with YAP, and depletion of Kindlin-2 enhances LATS1 interaction with YAP, increases YAP phosphorylation and decreases its nuclear translocation. For clinical relevance, lower Kindlin-2 expression and decreased nucleus localization of YAP was found in SCOS patients. Collectively, we demonstrated that Kindlin-2 in Sertoli cells is essential for sperm development and male reproduction.

scholarly journals Getting to the heart of intracellular glucocorticoid regeneration: 11β-HSD1 in the myocardium

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian A Gray ◽  
Christopher I White ◽  
Raphael F P Castellan ◽  
Sara J McSweeney ◽  
Karen E Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroid ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
And Function ◽  
Glucocorticoid Metabolism

Corticosteroids influence the development and function of the heart and its response to injury and pressure overload via actions on glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors. Systemic corticosteroid concentration depends largely on the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, but glucocorticoid can also be regenerated from intrinsically inert metabolites by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), selectively increasing glucocorticoid levels within cells and tissues. Extensive studies have revealed the roles for glucocorticoid regeneration by 11β-HSD1 in liver, adipose, brain and other tissues, but until recently, there has been little focus on the heart. This article reviews the evidence for glucocorticoid metabolism by 11β-HSD1 in the heart and for a role of 11β-HSD1 activity in determining the myocardial growth and physiological function. We also consider the potential of 11β-HSD1 as a therapeutic target to enhance repair after myocardial infarction and to prevent the development of cardiac remodelling and heart failure.

scholarly journals Analysis of the testicle’s transcriptome of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovino C. Cardoso ◽  
Jose M. C. Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela V. dos Santos ◽  
Marcos H. Pereira ◽  
Ricardo N. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
Different Tissues

AbstractRhodnius prolixus is amongst the most important vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Americas, putting thousands of people at risk of contracting Chagas Disease. This insect is also one of the most important models in insect physiology, especially regarding the blood-feeding process. However, studies on R. prolixus genetics lagged, and our understanding on the regulation of gene expression is incipient. Transcriptomes have the power to study the expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment. A comprehensive R. prolixus transcriptome was performed in 2014, sequencing RNA from different tissues (anterior gut, midgut, posterior gut, rectum, ovaries, fat body, maphigian tubules, and testicles). However, on that occasion, only the gut transcriptome was deeply analysed. Here we evaluated the results of the testicles transcriptome of R. prolixus with the objective to find and understand genes that could have an important role in male reproduction. We found, that from the 25,673 transcripts assembled in the whole transcriptome, 5,365 have a testicle specific expression pattern. As expected, amongst the most abundant families of transcripts, are those related to spermatogenesis and male fertility, such as myosins, actins, and dyneins. To our surprise, lipocalins, serine protease inhibitors (serpins), and lysozymes also were highly abundant in testicles. The role of these classes of genes are well known in other tissues, such as salivary glands and gut, but very little is known on their role in male reproduction (and we proposed here a few hypothesis that could be tested to address the role of these genes in male fertility). It would be interesting to study further the role of these genes on R. prolixus male fertility. Finally, as a reflection of the lack of knowledge on triatomine genetics, we found that almost half of the transcripts in R. prolixus testicles have no similarities to any other genes on reference databases. Our study shows that we still have a lot to know and to understand about reproduction in triatomine, especially in males. Besides the large number of genes without described function (possibly novel genes), there are those in which the function is known for other tissues, and we can only guess, at best, the role and importance of such genes for triatomine male fertility.Author SummaryThe understanding of the biology of insect’s vectors of parasitic diseases is key to the development of strategies of public health. For decades, the studies on the biology of male insects’ vectors of diseases was neglected, since in many cases female insects are those with relevant role in the spread of diseases. With the development of genomics, large scale studies to compare differential gene expression (transcriptomics) among different tissues, developmental stages, and sex became accessible. In this study, we looked at the physiology of the male reproductive organs of the vector of Chagas disease Rhodnius prolixus. This is a first glimpse, from a perspective of genes differentially expressed in male gonads, in such insects. We also performed an effort to link all identified genes with the insect genome published in 2015. We found ~14,000 genes expressed in the testicles, from which 5,635 genes are expressed exclusively in male reproductive organs. From the ~14,000 genes, we were able to attribute putative biological functions to 6,372 genes, which allowed us to draw a bigger picture on how these genes contribute to male fertility. This study now opens the door for further in-depth studies to find key genes for R. prolixus reproductive biology.

scholarly journals Declining sperm counts: The impact of covid-19 on testicular function and sperm parameters and overall male reproductive performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Michael Zavos
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ◽  
The Impact

Male infertility is linked to some viral infections including human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs). As for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), its effects on worldwide declines in sperm count and fertility have not been researched thoroughly. With the recent increase of viral infections due to the pandemic, the potential negative impacts that SARS-CoV-2 will have on male reproductive organs and male fertility have raised countless concerns. This review article aims to discuss the possible effects that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will have on an already declining male reproductive success while integrating the results of recent studies focusing on similar topics. Furthermore, this article will also mention the future implications that come with a more infertile population. Within the articles studied, it has become apparent that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has and will only decrease men’s sperm quality further. These findings became apparent through the study of oxidative stress established through the sperm’s production of reactive oxygen species1 and the COVID-19 virus’ ability to attack human spermatozoa produced in the testes due the expression of the ACE2 gene.2 As for the decline in male fertility prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there are many factors to be discussed, some of which include: tobacco consumption, alcoholism, diet, electronics, and higher rates of testicular cancer.3

scholarly journals The relationship between diet, energy balance and fertility in men

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 514-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Suliga ◽  
Stanisław Głuszek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Research conducted in recent years provides more and more evidence that diet can have a significant impact on male fertility. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between diet, energy balance and fertility in men. A comprehensive literature search of published studies in various languages, was carried out in electronic databases. The direct analysis included 96 works published between 2008 and 2018, including 12 randomized controlled trials and 23 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A strong adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is positively correlated with total sperm count, progressive motility and total motile sperm count (all p < 0.05). However, attention is drawn to the fact that foods that are considered “healthy” can sometimes contain a significant amount of pollution, which negatively affect the semen parameters. An adequate intake of antioxidants or their supplementation have been quite effective in the prevention and treatment of male infertility. The improvement of pregnancy rate after antioxidant therapy ranged in various studies from 11% to 41%. An important problem, however, may be choosing the right dose of the supplement or finding an appropriate combination of antioxidants that may be more effective than any single antioxidant. The normalization of men’s body weight is beneficial for the quality of sperm and the concentration of male reproductive hormones. Further, long-term studies require the assessment of the impact of drastic weight loss after bariatric surgery on male fertility.

The Role of Androgen Signaling in Male Sexual Development at Puberty

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo A Rey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Testicular Cell ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
And Function

Abstract Puberty is characterized by major changes in the anatomy and function of reproductive organs. Androgen activity is low before puberty, but during pubertal development, the testes resume the production of androgens. Major physiological changes occur in the testicular cell compartments in response to the increase in intratesticular testosterone concentrations and androgen receptor expression. Androgen activity also impacts on the internal and external genitalia. In target cells, androgens signal through a classical and a nonclassical pathway. This review addresses the most recent advances in the knowledge of the role of androgen signaling in postnatal male sexual development, with a special emphasis on human puberty.

Role of unfolded protein response in genital malformation/damage of male mice induced by flutamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1690-1699
Author(s):  
H Yu ◽  
K Wen ◽  
X Zhou ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
Z Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Pregnant Mouse ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
And Function ◽  
Protein Response

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of a switch of autophagy and apoptosis, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) which inducing UPR plays a role in the malformations caused by some genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to flutamide during pregnancy will also cause abnormalities in some male offspring reproductive organs such as cryptorchidism. In this study, after administered the pregnant mouse orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight every day during gestational day (GD)12 to GD18, flutamide can not only caused hypospadias in the male mouse offspring but also damaged the morphology and function of their testis. And the expression of UPR-related genes and proteins, autophagy, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-related genes of the damaged/teratogenic testis and penis in the mice were investigated to determine the role of UPR in this model. It was found that flutamide activated maybe the Atg7-Atg3-Lc3 pathway through the UPR pathway, caused cells excessive autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibited the formation of penile and testicular blood vessels by activating UPR and affecting the messenger RNA level of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1.

Novel enhancer for male fertility dysfunction in STZ diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Muna Hasson Saoudi ◽  
◽  
Mohammed A. Auda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Male Hormones ◽  
Positive Effect

This new study evaluated effect of aqueous leaves extracts of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Rafin on male reproductive hormones and histological features of the testis diabetic rats. The results obtained showed remarkable increased of sperm count, viability and motility after treatment. Testosterone, FSH and LH hormones also increased with oral administration of the plant extract at dose 70 mg/kg of body weight. The results suggested the anti hyperglycemic property of the extract as well as its positive effect to maintain male hormones concentrations. Histological examination of the testis revealed improvement of spermatogenesis and Leydig cell proliferation with all doses of the extract. However, the histoarchitecture of the testis rats received 70 and 90 mg/kg of the plant extract, was found to be similar to the healthy group. These findings suggest that the extract can maintain the damage fertility in diabetic rats. These promising results may explain the use of this plant in the future for therapeutic treatment of diabetes complications associated subfertility.

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