scholarly journals Analysis of gender representation in basic level English textbooks in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
F. N.K. Nunoo ◽  
D. P. Mensah ◽  
E. Adu Boahen ◽  
I. E. N. Nunoo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
English Textbooks ◽  
Stereotypical Roles ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Basic Level

Textbooks are known to influence the behaviours and worldview of children. Apart from imparting critical knowledge to pupils, textbooks also encourage pupils to form certain perceptions and stereotypes, including the ‘appropriate’ gender-specific roles in society. This paper examined gender stereotypes in the content and design of the Pupil’s English textbook at the Basic Level in Ghana using content analysis. The study revealed that, as teaching materials, the English Pupil’s Books 1, 2 and 3 displayed gross gender bias that reinforces the stereotypical roles of males and females in Ghanaian society. This does not reflect the development of society towards equality between men and women since there was no equality in how both genders are represented in the textbooks.Keywords: Gender; stereotype; gender stereotype; textbooks 

scholarly journals Gender bias in sentiment analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Thelwall
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test if there are biases in lexical sentiment analysis accuracy between reviews authored by males and females. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data sets of TripAdvisor reviews of hotels and restaurants in the UK written by UK residents to contrast the accuracy of lexical sentiment analysis for males and females. Findings Male sentiment is harder to detect because it is less explicit. There was no evidence that this problem could be solved by gender-specific lexical sentiment analysis. Research limitations/implications Only one lexical sentiment analysis algorithm was used. Practical implications Care should be taken when drawing conclusions about gender differences from automatic sentiment analysis results. When comparing opinions for product aspects that appeal differently to men and women, female sentiments are likely to be overrepresented, biasing the results. Originality/value This is the first evidence that lexical sentiment analysis is less able to detect the opinions of one gender than another.

Gender Bias in the 1996 Olympic Games: Audience Perception and Effects

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Karen H. Weiller ◽  
Catriona T. Higgs ◽  
Scott B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Society ◽  
Gender Specific

Sports are omnipresent in American society; available for viewing 24 hours a day and can constitute much of everyday life and conversation. Researchers have indicated that men and women relate to sport differently (Gantz & Wenner, 1991). Evidence shows males outnumber females in sport viewership, and in the past much of the sport programming to which we are exposed caters specifically to men. The purpose of the present study was to explore issues related to audience perception of the 1996 Olympic Games. Participants (125 males and 92 females) ranging from 18 to 40 years of age were administered a gender specific version of the Audience Perception Questionnaires (APQ) following viewing video segments of men’s and women’s competitions (i.e., basketball, gymnastics, swimming and diving, and volleyball). The two versions of the APQ were developed from current literature, and by employing a delphi technique to validate the APQ. Factor analyses resulted in four underlying media perception dimensions: Commentary Coverage, Gender Marking and Stereotyping, Hierarchy of Naming, and Verbal Descriptors. Results revealed perceptions of male and female athletes by the public are influenced to a great degree by gender.

scholarly journals Are we there yet? Shifting towards a more positive perception of men and women countering gender stereotypes in the workplace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Born ◽  
Thorsten Michael Erle
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Gender Specific

Individuals who violate gender stereotypes such as agentic female leaders or communal male subordinates often suffer social or economic penalties, so-called backlash. This high-powered study (N = 483) aimed to answer the question whether backlash occurs due to the perception of gender-specific proscription or prescription violations. A proscription-penalty implies that a person exhibits an excess of behaviors or traits that are stereotypically associated with the other gender. A prescription-deficit implies that a person lacks the qualities that are stereotypically expected of his or her gender. To test this, participants rated gender-congruent and incongruent job applicants on indicators of gender-proscriptions, prescriptions, and backlash. The results strongly supported the idea that gender-incongruent individuals are perceived as having a prescription-deficit. But surprisingly no backlash for gender-incongruent individuals was found. Mediation analyses indicated that for both genders both communality and agency positively predicted likeability, respect, and hireability.

Exploring the Logic of Gender Complementarity using Chimakonam’s Ezumezu System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Eric Ndoma Besong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Gender Complementarity ◽  
Males And Females

In this essay, I want to argue that the existence of gender most times translated as gender binary, is a biological fact. What is at stake is a framework for transcending unequal gender binary to gender complementarity. Here, I propose to use Chimakonam’s Ezumezu logic as a mechanism for disclosing gender complementarity. The illogical, irrational and subjective perspectives on lopsided gender  differences between men and women will be challenged in this essay. I will analyze the thrust of Ezumezu logic, its major principles, structures, and pillars of thought. I will also demonstrate its global and contextual relevance. I will submit that Ezumezu logic can ground gender complementarity across global cultures. I argue that regardless of the physical differences between males and females, it is illogical to exploit such differences to promote gender stereotype. Keywords: Gender equality, Ezumezu Logic, Gender Complementarity, Jonathan Chimakonam

scholarly journals Analysis Of Gender Stereotypes In Movies

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Seema Manzoor ◽  
Dua-e- Rehma ◽  
Samina Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Sex Object ◽  
Stereotypical Roles

Structure of the society is the arrangement of various factors on the basis of traditions and ethics, and these values are transferred from generation to generation. The most important thing is that the pattern of the society should be balanced, which is obviously not practical in our society as this trend is seen in all aspects of our life. Media is a very important institution, yet it has not portrayed women in positive manner. If we see film medium, women are represented as sex object and commodity in a stereotypical roles. This under representation of women in movies created imbalance in the society, yet it also embeds a negative and inferior image of women in people’s mind. In this study, to highlight these issues library research and content analysis is used to analyze gender stereotype in movies because women are projected and used as commodity in movies which distorts their image.

The Effect of Gender Stereotypes on Explicit and Implicit Career Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuma Gadassi ◽  
Itamar Gati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Short List ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Career Preferences

The present study compared gender differences in directly reported and indirectly derived career preferences and tested the hypothesis that individuals' implicit preferences would show less gender-biased occupational choices than their directly elicited ones. Two hundred sixty-six visitors to a career-related Internet site were asked to (a) list 5 to 10 suitable occupations (the directly reported list) and (b) report their preferences in terms of 31 career-related aspects. The latter were used to produce a short list of promising occupational alternatives (the indirectly derived list), using the occupational database of an Internet-based career planning system. Each occupation in the database rated for sex dominance. The findings indicated that the sex dominance ratings of the occupations on the directly reported list accorded with the participants' gender for both men and women: Men's lists included mostly “masculine” occupations, whereas women's lists included mostly “feminine” occupations. This gender bias was significantly lower for the implicit lists. The difference between the directly reported and the indirectly derived lists was larger for women than for men, suggesting that the impact of stereotypes is more pronounced in women's than in men's directly reported career preferences.

scholarly journals “Brave men” and “emotional women”: A literature review on gendered norms towards patients with pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Samulowitz ◽  
I Gremyr ◽  
E Eriksson ◽  
G Hensing
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Societal Norms

Abstract Background More women than men report chronic pain but despite the large body of research on sex differences there is a lack of knowledge on the influence of social and cultural gender. As gender norms can lead to gender bias in health care it is important to raise awareness about them. The purpose of this study was to illustrate gendered norms about men and women with chronic pain in scientific journals, and to analyze how societal norms are reproduced in health care. Methods A literature search of the databases PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed was conducted, January 2000 to April 2015, with the search term chronic pain combined with femininity, masculinity, gender bias, gender stereotypes and gender roles. A total of 77 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively. The integrative approach enabled a review of articles from both social and medical sciences, and to include qualitative and quantitative research. The material was sorted into theoretical categories and further coded into substantive categories. Results The included articles showed a variety of gendered norms about men’s and women’s experience and expression of pain, their identity, lifestyle and coping style. Women were described as emotional and hysterical, constantly dealing with mistrust from health care. Men were pictured as brave, stoic and struggling with their sense of masculinity. Prevailing societal norms are consolidated in health care, positioning the masculine man as the ideal patient. Conclusions Gender stereotypes are reproduced in healthcare, which can lead to gender bias in the treatment of patients with pain. The findings were used to develop a tool, “the pain cube”, aimed to improve health care providers’ consciousness about gendered norms. Key messages Men and women with chronic pain are depicted in a stereotypical way in scientific articles. Increased awareness about gendered norms can support health care professionals in providing equitable care.

scholarly journals The Glycemic Index of Food- Should It Be Gender Specific?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Basmah Medhat Eldakhakhny ◽  
Aliaa Amr Alamoudi ◽  
Sarah Khalid Binmahfooz ◽  
Sarah Amr Alamoudi ◽  
Maha Essam Akshawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Distinctive Difference ◽  
Gender Specific

Glycemic index (GI) was developed to categorize dietary carbohydrates based on their overall effect on postprandial blood glucose. Low GI foods demand a lower insulin response compared to high GI foods. This is expected to decrease the incidence of insulin resistance, the development of obesity, and hypertension, which are risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hence, it was recommended to add GI as a valid methodology complementing other dietary aspects that need to be applicable to both genders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of gender difference on GI in healthy, normal BMI males and females. Healthy, non-smoking adults age between 18 -35 years of normal BMI, were recruited. Subjects were included following initial screening using a structured questionnaire and blood tests to exclude diabetes, dyslipidemia, and/or hypertension cases. A standard 50 g glucose tolerance test was performed for two visits for each sugar (glucose and sucrose). Blood was collected at fasting, then at 15,30,45,60,90,120 min after the sugar consumption and the area under the curve was calculated. A total of 11 men and ten women were included in the study after excluding prediabetics and participants with abnormal liver enzymes. The mean GI for the whole sample was 69. A distinctive difference between males and females was noticed in the GI and the response curve. For males, the GI for sucrose was 77, and the response curve peaked at 30 min, followed by a sharp decline below baseline at 2h. On the other hand, the GI for females was 60, and the curve peaked at 45 min. In conclusion, our study showed that there is a clear difference in GI between men and women. A larger study is needed to clarify this further and prove or disprove the need for separate GI lists for men and women.

scholarly journals How Gender Stereotypes May Limit Female Faculty Advancement in Communication Sciences and Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1598-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Rogus-Pulia ◽  
Ianessa Humbert ◽  
Christine Kolehmainen ◽  
Molly Carnes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Doctoral Degrees ◽  
Female Faculty ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tenure Status ◽  
The Future ◽  
Faculty Advancement

Purpose The field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) faces a critical shortage of the faculty essential to train the future workforce of speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Despite a predominance of women in the field, men receive doctoral degrees, tenure status, academic leadership positions, and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association awards at disproportionately higher rates than women. The purpose of this review is to explore how implicit gender bias may contribute to female faculty advancement, including current and projected faculty workforce shortages, and to propose tangible solutions. Method The authors present proportions of men and women who receive doctoral degrees, advance to each faculty rank, receive tenure status, hold department chairs in CSD, and receive American Speech-Language-Hearing Association honors and awards. They review ways in which cultural stereotypes give rise to implicit gender bias and discuss myriad ways that implicit gender bias may influence the decisions of students considering an academic career in CSD and their career trajectories. Conclusions Cultural stereotypes about men and women lead to implicit gender bias that may have real consequences for female faculty advancement in CSD. Such implicit bias can influence career selection and outcomes within the field in multiple ways. To ensure that CSD continues to attract top talent and maintain a robust pipeline of future faculty in doctoral training programs, the field must recognize the existence of implicit gender bias and implement evidence-based strategies to minimize its potentially damaging effects on the future of the profession.

scholarly journals Gender identities in e-shop perfume descriptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Katarína Nemčoková ◽  
Zdena Kráľová ◽  
Aneta Holíková ◽  
Daniel P. Sampey
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Olfactory Experience ◽  
Point Of Purchase ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Perfume descriptions serve as an important persuasive tool in fragrance advertising. Scents traditionally elude clear verbal description, yet perfumes are nowadays frequently sold online, with no direct olfactory experience on the part of the consumer at the point of purchase. The products are thus often represented by metaphorical means depicting a desirable experience or portraying attractive identities of wearers, including stereotypical images of men and women. This article analyses 80 e-shop fragrance descriptions equally divided among adverts targeted at males and females. The sample texts were collected randomly from British and American e-shops, with the primary research objective to determine how male and female identities are reflected in these descriptions. The method of discourse analysis was applied and the AntConc 3.4.4 toolkit was used to calculate the frequency of words and their collocations. It was found that current female perfume descriptions on e-shops generally suppress gender stereotypes quite successfully, while gender stereotyping is more prominent in male perfume descriptions. The possible causes as well as ramifications of this disparity are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document