scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude towards mental disorders among adults in an urban community in south-west Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Iyanuoluwa Mojiminiyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
South West

BackgroundMental disorders are one of the most ignored public health issues worldwide. However, the burden associated with mental disorders is ever increasing and poses a major threat to health, social interactions and the economy of both developed and developing countries.Aim To assess the knowledge of adults residing in an urban local government area in Lagos, south-west Nigeria, with regards to mental health and investigate their attitudes towards this condition.Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 242 adults who were subsequently interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data was collected and analysed using Epi Info statistical software version 7. Associations between socio-demographic variables and the knowledge and attitudes of subjects with regards to mental disorders were assessed using chi-square tests at a significance level of 0.05. ResultsAlmost all respondents (95.5%) in this study were aware of mental disorders while 31.0% were related to someone with a mental disorder. Approximately half of the respondents (51.2%) had poor knowledge of mental disorders while the majority (90.0%) had positive attitudes. There was a significant and positive association between having a relative with a mental disorder and the level of knowledge (P=0.010).ConclusionAnalyses identified knowledge gaps in the community in terms of mental disorders in the community. We recommend that health workers should develop ways to educate the community with regards to the causes, symptoms, effects and treatment options for mental disorders.

scholarly journals Is there an association between skeletal asymmetry and tooth absence?

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Thiesen ◽  
Bruno Frazão Gribel ◽  
Keila Cristina Rausch Pereira ◽  
Maria Perpetua Mota Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Midsagittal Plane ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Posterior Tooth ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Asymmetry

ABSTRACT Introduction: Facial skeletal asymmetry is commonly found in humans and its main characteristic is menton deviation. The literature suggests that occlusal and masticatory problems arising from tooth absence could be related to the development of such asymmetries. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of mandibular skeletal asymmetries and to investigate its association with posterior tooth absences. Methods: Tomographic images of 952 individuals aged from 18 to 75 years old were used. Asymmetry was the analyzed outcome, and it was categorized into three groups according to gnathion displacement in relation to the midsagittal plane (relative symmetry, moderate asymmetry, and severe asymmetry). Patients were sorted by the presence of all posterior teeth, unilateral posterior tooth absence, or bilateral posterior tooth absence. Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% was used to verify the association between posterior tooth absence and asymmetry. Results: Results show relative symmetry present in 55.3% of the sample, as well as the prevalence of 27.3% for moderate mandibular asymmetry and 17.4% for severe asymmetry. Moderate and severe mandibular asymmetries occurred in a higher proportion in patients with unilateral posterior tooth absence. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups (p = 0.691). Conclusions: In this study, mandibular asymmetries did not present any association with the absence of teeth on the posterior area of the arch.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly persons resident in the community

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Araujo de Almeida ◽  
Annelita Almeida Oliveira Reiners ◽  
Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza Azevedo ◽  
Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva ◽  
Joana Darc Chaves Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Objective: to verify the prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly residents of the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso. Method: a cross-sectional study of 573 people aged 60 and over was performed. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. To investigate the association between polypharmacy and sociodemographic variables, health and access to medication, the Mantel Haenszel chi square test was used in bivariate analysis and Poisson regression was used in multivariate analysis. The significance level adopted was 5%. Result: the prevalence of polypharmacy was 10.30%. Statistically significant associations were found between polypharmacy and living with others, describing suffering from circulatory, endocrine, nutritional and digestive tract diseases, and referring to financial difficulties for the purchase of medicines. Conclusion: some social and health condition factors play an important role in the use of multiple medications among the elderly.

scholarly journals The Project Appropriate Birth and Reduction of Cesarean Section Rates: an analysis using the Robson classification system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ferreira D’Agostini Marin ◽  
Amanda Wernke ◽  
Daniela Dannehl ◽  
Dyulie Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Robson Classification ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate C-section rates, before and after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth based on the Robson 10-group classification system. DESIGN: An observational, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Maternity hospital in South Brazil. POPULATION: All pregnant women attending, April 2016 through April 2017 (phase 1, pre-implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth) and June 2017 through June 2018 (phase 2, post-implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth). METHODS: Maternal and obstetric characteristics were evaluated, including Robson’s classification, based on the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth. Chi-square test and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were used to analyze study variables. The significance level was set at 5%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: C-section rate for each group, their contribution to the overall c-section rate and the differences in these contributions before and after PPA implementation. RESULTS: C-section rates decreased from 62.4% to 55.6%, which represented a 10.9% reduction after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth. Pregnant women in Robson classification groups 1 through 4 had the greatest decrease in C-section rates, ranging from 49.1% to 38.6%, which represents a 21.5% reduction. The greatest contributors to the overall C-section rates were group 5 and group 2, accounting for more than 60% of the C-section deliveries. CONCLUSION: The Project Appropriate Birth had an important impact on the reduction of C-section rates, especially in Robson classification groups 1 through 4, which indicates that providing mothers with evidence-based interventions for labor and childbirth assistance will contribute to reduce C-section rates.

scholarly journals Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia

CoDAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha ◽  
Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽  
Durval Batista Palhares
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the position of lips and tongue at rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with 130 newborns in University Hospital. Data collection was performed by the researcher and speech-language pathologists from the Hospital. Information on gestational age, sex, weight, height and days of life was collected. The position of the lips and tongue at rest was evaluated through visual inspection with the newborns asleep. After the newborns were awakened, Neonatal Screening of the validated Protocol for the evaluation of the lingual frenulum for infants was performed to detect the alteration of the lingual frenulum. The data obtained were described and submitted to statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test to verify the association between the position of the lips with the tongue and to compare the position of the lips and tongue with and without ankyloglossia. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the behavior of the variables the differed between newborns with and without ankyloglossia. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results When comparing the data, a significant difference was found between: weight and height with and without ankyloglossia; position of lips and tongue. An association between the position of the tongue and lips with and without ankyloglossia was also found. Conclusion Newborns without alteration of the lingual frenulum have a tendency to remain with their lips closed and their tongue elevated during rest and newborns with ankyloglossia have a tendency to keep their lips parted and their tongue low during rest.

scholarly journals Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽  
Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

scholarly journals Factors associated with common mental disorder in school teenagers

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Ridalva Dias Martins ◽  
Nadirlene Pereira Gomes ◽  
Rosana Santos Mota ◽  
Marimeire Morais da Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black Race

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in school adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional study with 230 adolescents from a public school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. We used a questionnaire and an assessment scale for common mental disorders. The data were processed in STATA, version 12. Results: The prevalence of common mental disorders in schoolchildren was 52.2%. Multivariate analysis identified a positive association with statistical significance between the condition and the variables:female gender (PR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.77-5.4), black race (PR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.04-4.16),having a boyfriend (PR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.06-4.03) and smoking cigarettes once in a lifetime (PR = 2.88; 95% CI : 1.31 - 6.31). The school increase (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.91) was identified as a protective factor. Conclusion: Female gender, black race, having a relationship, and having smoked cigarettes are factors that increase the chances of adolescents having common mental disorders.

scholarly journals The role of knowledge, attitudes, and health workers’ behavior in COVID19 pandemic preparedness at Aceh Pidie Jaya District, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 205343452110616
Author(s):  
Budi Yanti ◽  
Nurdarlila Armita ◽  
Iskandar Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level 3

Introduction Health workers are at high risk of contracting the disease because they are at the forefront of assisting COVID19 patients. Globally, Indonesia has the worst death toll of health workers. Many previous studies have shown the differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of health workers in handling with the COVID19 pandemic. This study aims to asses the role of knowledge, attitudes, and health workers' preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Aceh Pidie Jaya District. Methods A cross-sectional study and the data were collected by distributing online questionnaires about knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and preparedness related to the COVID-19 at 12 Pidie Jaya District health centers. The knowledge, behavior, and preparedness parameters used Guttman and Likert scales to measure the workers' attitudes. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and preparedness. Results In this study, 377 health workers were selected, the majority of respondents' education level was diploma, level 3 (257, 76.3%), and one-third of the respondents did not attend training. There are 197 (58.5%) respondents who had good knowledge, 177 (52.5%) positive attitudes, 283 (84%) good behavior, and 173 (51, 3%) well prepared. Furthermore, good knowledge, positive attitude, and good behavior had a significant correlation statistically with well prepared during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Discussion Most of the health workers in Aceh Pidie Jaya have good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good behavior that create adequate preparedness. Even though training is still very limited, educational attainment would remain the cornerstone for preparedness to encounter COVID-19.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI IBU BALITA TENTANG POSYANDU DENGAN PEMANFAATAN POSYANDU MAWAR 2 RW 06 KEBAGUSAN JAKARTA SELATAN TAHUN 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alifa Dinda Septifani ◽  
Apriningsih Apriningsih
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Posyandu was one manifestation of Health Efforts on Community Based (UKBM). Based on data Posyandu Mawar 2 in February 2015 there were a decreased number of mothers’s visit from 81.25% to 62.5%, so the researchers wanted to know about association of the mother’s perception with the utilization of The Posyandu. This research used cross sectional study design using total sampling (80 mothers). Data collection was done by direct interviews based on the questionnaire and analyzed using Chi Square. The result there’s a significant association between mother’ss perception of the distance to the utilization of Posyandu RW 06 Posyandu Mawar 2 Kebagusan South Jakarta and there’s no significant relationship between education, employment and the knowledge and mothers’perceptions about the completeness of facilities, the attitude of cadres and the presence of health workers. Suggestions for Posyandu is to increase  of  mother’confident to visit Posyandu

FACTORS AFFECTING NURSE ANXIETY IN ROLE AS A CAREGIVER DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Yurike Septianingrum ◽  
Andikawati Fitriasari ◽  
Erika Martining Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: During the Covid-19 outbreak, health workers, especially nurses, are vulnerable to potential psychological symptoms such as anxiety, which can prevent nurses from carrying out their role as caregivers in health services (Lai et al., 2020; Shanafelt et al., 2020). Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that can influence the anxiety of nurses in playing the role of caregiver during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a population of all nurses who met the inclusion criteria as much as 105 nurses. The research sample was selected through stratified random sampling and obtained 84 nurses. This research was conducted at RSI Jemursari Surabaya from June until September 2020. The research instruments used in this study were the demographic observation sheet, knowledge questionnaire, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rank Scale (HARS). Data analysis used Pearson chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The results of the Pearson Chi-square test showed that of all the factors studied, only age (p = 0.004), availability of personal protective equipment (p = 0.002), and knowledge (p = 0.017) influenced nurses' anxiety. The results of the analysis using multivariate logistic regression test showed that the factor that most influenced nurses' anxiety was the availability of personal protective equipment (p = 0.001; OR = -3.062). Conclusion: Younger nurses, inadequate personal protective equipment, and less knowledgeable nurses were at high risk for more severe anxiety. Regular observation of the psychological condition of nurses and the fulfillment of the need for personal protective equipment is needed to prevent increased anxiety in nurses.   Keywords: Nurse, anxiety, Covid-19, caregiver.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Knowledge on Obesity Among School Going Adolescents of Kaski, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Apsara Pandey ◽  
Sony Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Introduction: Childhood obesity has now been recognized as a global health problem because of its devastating consequences and prevalence at uncontrollable rate worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of obesity and find out the knowledge on obesity among school going adolescents. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents of two private schools of Kaski district. Altogether 120 adolescent students were selected using census method. Height and weight were measured with standard scale and BMI was calculated. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level was used to analyze data. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 15.1 years and 50% of them were male. The prevalence of obesity among adolescents was 3.3%. Seventy five percent of the adolescents had knowledge regarding meaning of obesity and 59.2% had mentioned high calorie intake as a risk factor of obesity. Likewise, 52.5% adolescents stated Diabetes mellitus as consequence of obesity. Ninety eight percent mentioned regular exercise as a preventive measure of obesity. More than three fourth (78.3%) of the adolescents had inadequate knowledge regarding obesity. Male adolescents had significantly higher knowledge than female adolescents (p=0.00). Conclusion: Even though very few adolescents had obesity, there were adolescents with overweight which were at more risk for getting obesity. Adolescents have inadequate knowledge regarding obesity.

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