DETECTION EFFICIENCY OF MASTITIS SCREENING TESTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Cole ◽  
E. V. Painter ◽  
G. H. Schnepper
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Strip Plate ◽  
Disk Test ◽  
Cent Detection

Summary A comparison of the detection efficiency of five screening tests for mastitis was made by correlating test results with results of a specific laboratory standard based on a direct leukocyte count and/or the culturing of infectious organisms on the same samples of milk. Since the screening tests are “indirect” or non-specific in nature, the measure of effectiveness took into consideration not only the per cent detected as compared to that detected by the laboratory method, but also the per cent of readings which were false positives. Both per cent detection and per cent false positives increased with increasing test sensitivity. The level of detection at which the per cent of false positives began to increase rapidly was chosen as the optimum efficiency for each type of test. This optimum efficiency correlated with the presence of mastitis as follows: California Mastitis Test 69.5%; Whiteside Test 65.5%; Filter Disk Test 45.0%; Catalase Test 43.8%; Strip Plate Test 4.7%.

Interferences With Urine Drug Screens

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Herring ◽  
Andrew J. Muzyk ◽  
Cynthia Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Nonmalignant Pain ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Drug Assays ◽  
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

Qualitative urine drug assays are frequently used in conjunction with opioid contracts as a means of monitoring use of prescribed controlled substances as well as concurrent use of illicit substances in patients receiving opioids for chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) management. Appropriate use of these screening tests, in conjunction with opioid contracts, may provide the health care provider with additional information needed to safely prescribe opioids for selected individuals with CNMP. It is important for the practitioner caring for patients subject to random urine drug screening to understand interferences with the commonly used urine drug assays, as well as knowing options to confirm contested test results. We reviewed the literature on urine drug assay test interferences and present a summary of this information in this article.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Leyla HADEF ◽  
Hebib AGGAD ◽  
Brahim HAMAD ◽  
Mohamed Said MAHMOUD ◽  
Aicha ADAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Indirect Tests ◽  
Reliable Diagnostic Method

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.

scholarly journals Set theoretic approach to the concept of net sensitivity and net specificity in screening test results

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bansi Badan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Himadri Bhattacharjya
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Test Results

Net sensitivity and net specificity have been reviewed from set theoretic approach. With a basic knowledge of set theory one can estimate the net sensitivity and specificity in an easy way in both sequential and simultaneous screening tests. Union, intersection and complementary operations of set theory have been adopted to find out the solutions. 

Newborn Screening Fact Sheets

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-501 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Screening

These newborn screening fact sheets were developed by the Committee on Genetics of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) with considerable assistance and consultation from many individuals. It is hoped that the information contained in these fact sheets will assist the pediatrician in understanding the individual tests, their characteristics, and their strengths and weaknesses. Newborn screening is an individual function of each state; therefore, screening programs are not uniform throughout the United States (Table). Because the test results can affect children and parents in a variety of ways, there are special concerns about how states make decisions to adopt new tests and how they evaluate their current screening panels. Currently, many states are examining their practices. The informatiion in the fact sheets was not designed to advocate specific newborn screening tests but to assist pediatricians in evaluating policies and procedures and in developing appropriate positions based on the needs of their patients and their geographic regions.

The Effects of Clinical Factors and Neonatal Morbidities on Hearing Screening Among Neonatal Admissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Nuseir ◽  
Maha Zaitoun ◽  
Hasan Albalas ◽  
Ahmad Alomari ◽  
Waseem Khasawneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Clinical Factors

Background: Hearing loss is an important disorder affecting newborns admitted to NICU. A national hearing screening program using otoacoustic emission testing is an essential tool to identify hearing loss early in neonates enabling early intervention to avoid further challenges of pediatric deafness. On the other hand, a delay of the auditory pathway maturation in preterm babies compared to term newborns has already been suggested in the literature. Taking this information into account, in this paper, we aim to identify the best time to perform NICU infant hearing screening tests. Objectives: We aim to study the clinical factors and neonatal morbidities that may affect neonatal hearing screening results using otoacoustic emission test, in order to decrease the false positive test results that increase parental anxiety and increase the need for subsequent investigations. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study that included 204 infants who were admitted to a tertiary referral hospital NICU unit between September 2017 and May 2018. Both transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) screening tests were performed in order to screen hearing loss. Results: Our study included 204 infants, 52.9% of which were males and 47.1% females. There were correlations between both hyperbilirubinemia and ventilation ≥5 days and the failure rate of the first OAE test results among NICU infants where the P-values were (p=0.0133) and (p=0.0456) respectively. Moreover, 165 babies (80.9%) passed the first OAE with a mean birth weight of 2759 gram and mean maternal age of 30.6 years, while 39 babies (19.1%) failed the test with a mean birth weight of 2436 gram and mean maternal age of 32 years. There was no statistically significant relation between both maternal age and birth weight with failure of the first screening test. Conclusion: Our study suggests a higher failure rate of the first OAE in NICU infants who had hyperbilirubinemia or ventilation ≥5 days. Therefore, our recommendation is to postpone the first phase of hearing screening for those infants until the first scheduled vaccine appointment to achieve high compliance to attendance and decrease distress to the family that can be associated with false-negative results of the test.

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Screening in the Workplace

AAOHN Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Snyder ◽  
Peggy N. Schrammel ◽  
Claudia B. Griffiths ◽  
Robert I. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
The Cost

Recognition of the mortality and morbidity associated with prostate cancer has resulted in employer based screening programs. This retrospective cohort study identified the employer costs of prostate cancer screening and referrals due to abnormal test results. The subjects were 385 men enrolled in a workplace screening program at a single employer between 1993 and 1995. Screening consisted of digital rectal examination (DRE) annually for enrolled employees aged 40 years and older, plus annual prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for those 50 and older, and those 40 and older and considered at high risk. Data related to the health care and lost productivity costs of screening and referrals for abnormal test results were collected and analyzed. The total cost of screening was $44,355, or approximately $56 per screening encounter (788 DREs; 437 PSAs). Abnormal screening tests resulted in 52 referrals. Upon further evaluation, 42% were found to have an enlargement, 29% a node, and 12% benign prostatic hyperplasia. Only one malignancy was found. The total cost of additional referrals was $31,815, or 42% of the cost of screening plus referrals. As the cost per screening encounter was low, prostate cancer screening in the workplace is an efficient alternative.

Screening Tests of Inhibitors to Prevent Chloride Stress Corrosion★

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. PHILLIPS ◽  
W. J. SINGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Chloride Corrosion ◽  
Alkaline Phosphate ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Abstract Series of screening tests were run in tilting autoclaves to evaluate performance of selected, potential inhibitors in preventing chloride stress corrosion attack of Type 347 austenitic stainless steel in alkaline-phosphate boiler water containing 50 or 500 ppm chloride. From the test results, several inhibitors were tested further to evaluate concentration effects. Nitrate appeared to be a satisfactory inhibitor for oiler applications. Sodium sulfite also effectively prevented chloride corrosion cracking oy scavenging oxygen. 5.8.4

scholarly journals Prevalence of resistance to three fluoroquinolones: assessment of levofloxacin disk test error rates and surrogate predictors of levofloxacin susceptibility. AST Surveillance Group.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1633-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Fuchs ◽  
A L Barry ◽  
S D Brown
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Direct Testing ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Disk Test

More than 3,000 consecutive clinical bacterial isolates from 10 U.S. medical centers were subjected to standard broth microdilution and disk diffusion tests to determine their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, D-ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Levofloxacin was confirmed to be twice as active as ofloxacin and to have activity comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, with minor variations in activity against some species. The prevalence of resistant isolates was 7.1% to levofloxacin, 9.3% to ciprofloxacin, and 11.2% to ofloxacin. The susceptibilities of some species to the quinolones were less than those reported in previous studies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had the greatest variability in their susceptibilities to the three drugs between the participating centers. Two proposed zone size breakpoints for levofloxacin disk tests yielded similar low error rates. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility test results correlated reasonably well with those of levofloxacin and could be used as surrogate indicators of levofloxacin susceptibility, but that resulted in some serious errors, and thus, direct testing of levofloxacin susceptibility is preferable. Replicate testing of standard quality control strains confirmed the established and proposed quality control parameters for all three quinolones tested.

On the calculation of a "reference change" for comparing two consecutive measurements.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E K Harris ◽  
T Yasaka
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Maintenance Program

Abstract We describe a statistical method for calculating a "reference change," defined as that difference between two consecutive test results in an individual that is statistically significant in a given proportion of all similar persons. By allowing for variation in within-person variances, this procedure computes a reference change that is more specific (i.e., less prone to false positives) than that obtained directly from the distribution of observed differences between measurements. Moreover, the method may easily be extended to a test for trend in three successive measurements. The method has been applied to semi-annual measurements of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase in 698 men and women enrolled in a large health-maintenance program. We believe that these ideas may also be usefully applied to successive laboratory tests in carefully defined patient populations--but this introduces special problems, which are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen: An Isolated Falciform Ligament Necrosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Taner Ozkececı ◽  
Mustafa Ozsoy ◽  
Bahadır Celep ◽  
Ahmet Bal ◽  
Coskun Polat
Keyword(s):  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Falciform Ligament ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

The falciform ligament is one of the anatomical structures which attach the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall. Primary falciform ligament is very rare. In this article, we present a case of an isolated falciform ligament necrosis, a rare primary pathology of the falciform ligament, who was admitted with acute abdomen. Case presentation: A 64-year-old female patient was admitted with the complaints of pain. Laboratory test results showed a leukocyte count of 17,000/mm3. Imaging studies demonstrated intra-abdominal reactionary fluid along with a heterogeneous mass localized in the falciform ligament. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a necrotic mass of the falciform ligament. No other pathology responsible for falciform ligament necrosis was found. We believe that falciform ligament necrosis should be considered a preliminary diagnosis, if any ligament abnormality, tumor, intraligament air density, or the presence of reactionary fluid surrounding the ligament is detected through abdominal imaging studies.

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