Butylated Hydroxyanisole-Induced Changes in Lipid Synthesis by Tetrahymena pyriformis1

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. SURAK
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Butylated Hydroxyanisole ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Induced Changes

The effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on synthesis of the major lipid classes was studied using Tetrahymena pyriformis as a model cellular system. Initial changes in the amount of lipids were observed after 3 h of exposure to the antioxidant. After 24 h of exposure to increasing concentrations of BHA, there were significant differences in the percentage of [14C]acetate incorporated into various lipid classes with a decrease in the percentage of polar lipids synthesized and an increase in the percentage of triglycerides, free fatty acids and tetrahymanol synthesized. Addition of BHA at a concentration up to 12.5 μg/ml resulted in inhibition of the synthesis of lipid fractions. In addition, the carrier used to add the antioxidant to the test culture had an effect on the cellular toxicity of the antioxidant. Dimethylsulfoxide reduced the toxicity of BHA when compared to ethanol. These results suggest that BHA will alter the relative rates of synthesis of various lipids in T. pyriformis, thus altering the lipid composition of the cell.

MENOPAUSE-INDUCED CHANGES IN LIPID FRACTIONS AND TOTAL FATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maynar ◽  
G. Mahedero ◽  
I. Maynar ◽  
J. I. Maynar ◽  
I. R. Tuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. Biosynthetic utilization of ethanolamine for lipid synthesis by bacteria

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Shukla ◽  
J M Turner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Base Moiety ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity

1. Ten bacteria utilizing [2-14C]ethanol-2-amine as the sole or major source of nitrogen for growth on glycerol + salts medium incorporated radioactivity into a variety of bacterial substances. A high proportion was commonly found in lipid fractions, particularly in the case of Erwinia carotovora. 2. Detailed studies of [14C]ethanolamine incorporation into lipids by five bacteria, including E. carotovora, showed that all detectable lipids were labelled. Even where phosphatidylethanolamine was the major lipid labelled, radioactivity was predominantly in the fatty acid rather than the base moiety. The labelled fatty acids were identified in each case. 3. The addition of acetate to growth media decreased the incorporation of radioactivity from ethanolamine into both fatty acid and phosphatidyl-base fragments of lipids from all the bacteria except Mycobacterium smegmatis. Experiments with [3H]ethanolamine and [14C]acetate confirmed that unlabelled acetate decreased the incorporation of both radioactive isotopes into lipids, except in the case of M. smegmatis. 4. Enzyme studies suggested one of two metabolic routes between ethanolamine and acetyl-CoA for each of four bacteria. A role for ethanolamine O-phosphate was not obligatory for the incorporation of [14C]ethanolamine into phospholipids, but correlated with CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Lipid composition of raw and cooked Rapana venosa from the Black Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Veselina Panayotova ◽  
Diana A. Dobreva ◽  
Rostitsa Stancheva ◽  
Katya Peycheva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Abstract Rapana venosa is an edible mollusc with nutritional and economic importance. There is limited information about its lipid composition. The aim of the present study is to provide information about lipid composition, fatty acid profiles, fat soluble vitamins and cholesterol content of raw and cooked Rapana venosa. Cooking did not affect the ratio of lipid classes, but fatty acids composition varied significantly. Considerable variations were observed in fatty acid distribution of total lipids and neutral lipids. Fatty acid groups of phospholipids remained unaffected by temperature treatment. The most abundant fatty acids in all lipid classes of raw and cooked specimens were palmitic acid (C16:0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3). The sum of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher than omega-6 PUFA in all lipid fractions. The results of the present study showed that cooking process affected cholesterol, fat soluble vitamins and carotenoids content differently. Larger variations were observed for vitamin A, β-carotene and astaxanthin and to lesser for vitamin E. Cholesterol and vitamin D3 were also affected by the thermal stress. The present study revealed that Rapana venosa meat could be a good source of high quality nutritional lipids, which are well preserved even after culinary treatment

Lipid Composition and Lipid Synthesis in Guinea Pig Megakaryocytes and Platelets

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Schick ◽  
P.K. Schick
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Lipid composition and lipid synthesis have been compared in guinea pig megakaryocytes and platelets. Megakaryocytes were isolated from guinea pigs to 85% purity. Lipids were extracted and were separated by thin layer chromatography. Phospholipid (PL) content was determined by measurement of lipid phosphorus, and cholesterol and fatty acids were quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography. PL composition of megakaryocytes was:PS + PI 15.2%; SM 14.0%; PC 40.1%; PE 30. 6%. PL composition of platelets was: PS 10.1%; PI 4.5%; SM 16.5%; PC 39.5%; PE 29.6%. The cholesterol:PL ratio was 0.35 for megakaryocytes and 0.55 for platelets. The major fatty acids in the PL were: (% of total)Megakaryocytes and platelets were incubated for 1.5 hr with 14C-acetate. Megakaryocytes incorporated acetate into cholesterol and other sterols, ceramide, and PL (0.060, 0.016 and 0.012 nmoles/105 cells). Platelets incorporated acetate into ceramide and PL (0.02 and 0.06 nmoles/109 cells) but only trace amounts into sterols. There appears to be active biosynthesis of cholesterol in megakaryocytes but not in platelets.

scholarly journals The Changes in the Lipid Composition of Mung Bean Seeds as Affected by Processing Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Ali Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Fawzy A El-Fishawy ◽  
Mohamed A El-Geddawy ◽  
Tomas Kurz ◽  
Mohamed N El-Rify
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Tlc Analysis

This study was conducted to assess in detail the possible effects of some technological processes such as soaking, germination, cooking, soaking + cooking, and germination + cooking on the lipid composition of mung bean seeds of Giza 1 variety. TLC analysis of mung bean lipids showed that the phospholipids and triglycerides recorded the highest percentage among lipid fractions (32.26 and 30.10%), while the 1,3 diglycerides constituted the least percentage (2.80%) in mung bean seeds. The soaking, germination and cooking processes caused a decrease in the phospholipids, triglycerides and hydrocarbons accompanied with an increase in monoglycerides, 1,2-(2,3)-diglycerides, sterols and free fatty acids. Eleven fractions were separated from phospholipids class of the studied samples; seven of these fractions were identified. The major component of phospholipids was phosphatidyl choline, amounting to 21.30, 17.84, 16.21, 13.87, 13.20 and 11.47% of the total phospholipids in raw, soaked, germinated, raw-cooked, soaked-cooked and germinated-cooked mung bean seeds, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography of the total lipids of mung bean seeds showed that the unsaturated fatty acids represented 69.58, 64.35, 63.3, 63.16, 61.84 and 61.12%, while the levels of saturated fatty acids were low being 30.37, 34.05, 35.66, 34.64, 37.93 and 38.75% of the total fatty acids in raw, soaked, germinated, raw-cooked, soaked-cooked and germinated-cooked, respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic) represented the highest proportion of fatty acids (50.10% of the total fatty acids).

Regional differences in lipid composition and incorporation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into microsomal membranes of rat small intestine

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Garg ◽  
M. Keelan ◽  
A. Wierzbicki ◽  
A. B. R. Thomson ◽  
M. T. Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microsomal Membranes

Incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic (16:0) and [1-14C]linoleic (18:2ω6) acids into microsomal membranes of proximal (jejunum) and distal (ileum) regions of rat small intestine was investigated, and the lipid composition, including fatty acid profiles of membrane phospholipids, was determined. Jejunal microsomes contained significantly higher amounts of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol, and lower amounts of cholesterol and sphingomyelin when compared with ileal microsomes. Jejunal microsomal phospholipids contained higher levels of stearic (18:0), 18:2ω6, and eicosapentaenoic (20:5ω3) acids followed by reduced levels of oleic (18:1ω9), arachidonic (20:4ω6), and docosahexaenoic (22:6ω3) acids when compared with those from the ileum, except for phosphatidylinositol where no significant difference between 20:4ω6 content of each site was observed. In both jejunal and ileal microsomes, incorporation of [1-14C]18:2ω6 was significantly higher than that of [1-14C]16:0. Incorporation of both [1-14C]16:0 and [1-14C]18:2ω6 was significantly higher in jejunal microsomal lipid fractions (phospholipids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols) when compared with the ileal microsomal fraction. These data suggest that (1) jejunal and ileal microsomal membranes differ from each other in terms of lipid composition and lipid synthesis, (2) site variations in the specificity of acyltransferases for different fatty acids exist, and (3) higher Δ9-, Δ6-, Δ5-, and Δ4-desaturase activities exist in ileal compared with jejunal enterocytes.

scholarly journals LIPOGENESIS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF THE LABORATORY ANIMALS AFTER LOADING WITH CHOLESTEROL

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
О. S. Pokotylo ◽  
M. D. Kuhtyn ◽  
O. A. Pokotylo ◽  
T. Ya. Yaroshenko ◽  
M. I. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
Lipid Fractions

<p><em>The intensity of synthesis of different lipids classes was studied in vitro (fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and acylglycerols) in the homogenates of the adipose tissue after a single daily loading of rats and guinea pigs with the cholesterol (300 mg/kg body weight) during 30 days period. For this purpose, the radioactivity of lipid fractions in the homogenates of adipose tissue of the rats and guinea pigs was measured, while homogenates were incubated separately with [6-<sup>14</sup></em><em>C</em><em>] glucose, [2-<sup>14</sup>C] lysine or [1-<sup>14</sup></em><em>C</em><em>] palmitic acid. The inhibitory effect of cholesterol was established by increasing its level in the diet of rats and guinea pigs on all classes of lipid synthesis in adipose tissue in vitro when [6- <sup>14</sup>C] glucose and [2- <sup>14</sup>C] lysine were used as precursors, and on the synthesis of cholesterol when [1-<sup>14</sup>C] palmitic acid was used as precursor.</em></p>

114 THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE FOLLICULAR FLUID ON DAY 6 POST-AI MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE GESTATIONAL SUCCESS IN NELORE COWS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
S. Scolari ◽  
F. L. D'Alexandri ◽  
M. Maturana ◽  
M. Binelli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Follicle Aspiration

The follicular fluid (FF) microenvironment consists of serum components and follicular cell secretions, which are essential for oocyte maturation, preparing it for fertilization. Although very important, the biochemical composition of the follicular fluid is still poorly characterised. The hypothesis is that the lipid composition of the follicular fluid on Day 6 post-artificial insemination (AI) is different between cows diagnosed as pregnant (P) or not pregnant (NP) on Day 30 post-AI. The objectives were to (1) evaluate the influence of follicle aspiration procedure performed on Day 6 post-AI on pregnancy rates and (2) characterize the lipid profile of the FF collected on Day 6 in pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) cows, in order to associate the amount of molecules in the FF with the probability of conception. Eighty-two multiparous Nelore cows, between 40 and 45 days post-partum and body condition score between 4 and 6 (1 to 9 scale) were used. Fixed-time AI was performed in all the animals and 6 days post-AI the animals were divided in control group, in which animals were not manipulated (CG, n = 41), and aspiration group (AG, n = 41) from which follicular fluid was aspirated from the largest follicle present in either one of the ovaries. The FF was centrifuged and stored at –80°C. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography 30 days post-AI. Results showed pregnancy rates of 53% for the AG and 56% for the CG, suggesting no detrimental effect of the follicle aspiration procedure on the success of pregnancy (Kruskal-Wallis test). A pool of the FF samples from the P and NP cows was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS), using the high-resolution shotgun lipidomics (HRSL) approach in order to compare the lipid profile between groups. Despite the fact that HRSL is not quantitative but qualitative, the general levels of the different lipid classes can be compared between groups of study and the differences in the abundance of the ions of each lipid class can be expressed as percentage. Taking this into account, in negative mode MS, the NP group showed an increase of 300% in the levels of free fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids compared to the P group as well as an increase of 50% in the levels of phospholipids and two new species of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine) could be observed. Furthermore, animals from the P group showed an increase of 130% in the content of structural fatty acids such as ceramids and triacylglycerols. Our findings suggest that there is a difference between the amount of lipid classes and in the lipid species origins present in the follicular fluid of cows that were P or NP on Day 30 post-AI.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS IN "DOUBLE-MUSCLED" CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
J. R. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes was determined in 11 phenotypically extreme- and 11 normal-muscled cattle of a "double-muscled" (DM) breed group. The relative concentrations of lipid classes in erythrocyte membranes from extreme- and normal-muscled DM cattle were similar. Significant differences were observed in the relative concentrations of individual fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions from extreme-compared with normal-muscled DM cattle. The most notable differences were a higher (P < 0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and a lower (P < 0.01) concentration of oleic acid in sphingomyelin from extreme-muscled DM cattle. In a second study, the total lipid composition of plasma, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma low plus very low density lipoprotein (LDL-VLDL) fractions was determined in six extreme- and six normal-muscled DM cattle. Extreme-muscled DM cattle had a lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of triacylglycerols in all three total lipid fractions and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and cholesterol esters in the LDL-VLDL total lipid fraction as compared with normal-muscled DM cattle. The concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine was higher (P < 0.05) in the LDL-VLDL total lipid fraction from extreme-muscled DM cattle, but no other differences in the relative amounts of the phospholipids were observed. Extreme-muscled DM cattle had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma and LDL-VLDL total lipid fractions, with a similar trend occurring in the HDL total lipid fraction. The results of the first study demonstrate a change in fatty acid composition of the membrane, while those of the second indicate an increased rate of VLDL metabolism and/or lower rates of adipose fatty acid turnover in extreme- compared with normal-muscled DM cattle. Key words: Lipid composition, lipoproteins, double muscled cattle

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