Storage Characteristics of Fresh Swordfish Steaks Stored in Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Controlled (Flow-Through) Atmospheres

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. OBERLENDER ◽  
M. O. HANNA ◽  
R. MIGET ◽  
C. VANDERZANT ◽  
G. FINNE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gaseous Atmospheres ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
Storage Characteristics ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

A flow-through controlled atmosphere packaging system using a number of different carbon dioxide-enriched gaseous compositions was demonstrated to be effective in retarding the growth of microorganisms on fresh swordfish steaks held at 2°C for 22 d. During the first 14 d of storage, Pseudomonas spp. either dominated or represented a major part of the microflora of steaks in all gaseous atmospheres tested. However, in atmospheres containing 70% CO2 or in pure CO2, heterofermentative Lactobacillus spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta were a major part of the microflora, particularly after the 14th day of storage. Both total volatile nitrogen and trimethylamine, often used as quality indicators for fresh seafoods, increased more slowly for swordfish steaks stored in CO2-enriched atmospheres than steaks stored in air. Advantages of using a controlled atmosphere flow-through system for storage of fresh seafoods include: (a) a stable gas composition, (b) individual portions can be removed from a master package without losing or disrupting the gaseous atmosphere, and (c) volatile off-odors which accumulate during storage in sealed CO2-enriched atmospheres are carried off with the flow-through gas.

scholarly journals Elevated Carbon Dioxide Storage of `Anjou' Pears Using Purge-controlled Atmosphere

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Term Storage

`Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) were placed in controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage immediately after harvest (<24 hours) or after a 10-day delay in refrigerated storage, and held there for 9 months at 1C. Oxygen in all atmospheres was 1.5% and CO2 was at either 1% or 3%. Atmospheres in the flow-through system were computer-controlled at ±0.1%. After removal from CA storage, pears were evaluated immediately and after ripening at 21C for 8 days. Pears stored in 3% CO2 were firmer, greener, and displayed less scald, internal breakdown, and stem-end decay than pears stored in 1% CO2. In addition, no internal discoloration of `Anjou' pears was evident when held with 3% CO2. `Anjou' pears held in 3%. CO2 retained the ability to ripen after long-term storage. A 10-day delay in atmosphere establishment had little or no influence on the long-term keeping quality or ripening ability of `Anjou' pears.

Carbon Dioxide as a Controller of the Spoilage Flora of Pork, with Special Reference to Temperature and Sodium Chloride

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 756-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISABETH BLICKSTAD ◽  
GÖRAN MOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The microflora of native pork and cured pork (3% NaCl) stored in air or CO2 (89–100%) at 0°C and 4°C were studied. The flora on native pork was followed both on fat and on lean surfaces. At 0°C the time taken for the lean pork to reach 106 cfu/cm2 was 6 times longer in CO2 than in air (4 times at 4°C). The corresponding factor for cured pork was 10 at 0°C. The microflora was identified at the point of spoilage or just before. On lean and fat pork stored in air Pseudomonas spp. dominated. On fat significant amounts of Alteromonas spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta were also found. The cured pork stored in air was dominated by B. thermosphacta while Pseudomonas constituted 20% of the flora. In CO2 Lactobacillus spp. dominated to 100%, except on fat where Alteromonas spp. were also found. The combination of CO2 and storage at 0°C suppressed growth of B. thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and molds. The study points to two practical implications: (a) storage in 100% CO2 at 0°C gives the meat a shelf-life of about 3 months, (b) a combination of curing and storage in 100% CO2 at 0°C gives the meat a shelf-life of more than 5 months.

Commodity Heating Medium and Mexican Fruit Fly Mortality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 533e-533
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Heating Medium

The objective of this research was to investigate whether the medium used to transfer heat to a commodity influenced the mortality of Mexican fruit fly larvae. A similar 2-h heat dose was delivered to grapefruit via immersion in a variable temperature water bath or via exposure to a rapidly circulating gas. The concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the grapefruit was analyzed at 30-min intervals and grapefruit center temperatures recorded every 60 s during heating. The mortality of larvae located inside grapefruit during heating in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water was significantly higher than that of larvae located inside grapefruit heated in air. The internal atmosphere of grapefruit heated in a controlled atmosphere or in hot water contained significantly higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen than grapefruit heated in air. Larval mortality was compared after larvae were heated in media by rapidly circulating air or by an atmosphere containing 4 kPa of oxygen and 18 kPa of carbon dioxide to evaluate whether the altered atmosphere or a heat-induced fruit metabolite was responsible for enhanced mortality. The significantly higher mortality of larvae heated in media in the presence of an altered atmosphere suggested that the altered atmosphere enhanced larval mortality. Results from this research suggest that reducing oxygen and or increasing the level of carbon dioxide during heating can enhance mortality of the Mexican fruit fly and potentially reduce the heat dose required for quarantine security.

scholarly journals The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Paweł Wrona ◽  
Józef Sułkowski ◽  
Zenon Różański ◽  
Grzegorz Pach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Emission Point ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

scholarly journals Controlled atmosphere GMAW welding of transportation vehicles and production machines parts made from 30MnB5 steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ivanayskiy ◽  
Aleksei Ishkov ◽  
Aleksandr Ivanayskiy ◽  
Iakov Ochakovskii
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Gmaw Welding ◽  
Welding Materials

The paper studies the influence of shielding gas on the composition and the structure of weld joint metal of 30MnB5 steel applied in essential parts of automobiles and tractors. The welding was performed in inert, oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. It was established that TIG welding with argon used as shielding gas did not provide the required mechanical properties when using conventional welding materials. Carbon dioxide during MAG welding caused partial burning of alloying elements. Carbon monoxide used as shielding gas was proved to form reducing atmosphere enabling to obtain chemical composition close to the base metal composition. Metallographic examinations were carried out. The obtained results provided full-strength weld, as well as the required reliability and durability of welded components and joints.

Animal Welfare and Controlled Atmosphere Stunning (CAS) of poultry using mixtures of carbon dioxide and oxygen

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Barton Gade ◽  
Karen Von Holleben ◽  
Martin Von Wenzlawowicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere

Gas phase interaction with catalytic oxidation reactions

1972 ◽  
Vol 326 (1565) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzene ◽  
Homogeneous Decomposition

Studies of the catalytic oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride and carbon dioxide over vanadia/molybdena catalysts show that the major part of the reaction involves interacting gas and gas-solid processes. The results are consistent with a mechanism in which a benzeneoxygen adduct is formed catalytically, desorbs and then reacts to give maleic anhydride entirely in the gas phase. On the basis of this proposed mechanism, the kinetics of individual reactions have been investigated in some depth. The over-oxidation of maleic anhydride has been found to be not significant under the conditions of reaction. The kinetic relationships governing the homogeneous decomposition of the adduct and the oxidation of the adduct to maleic anhydride and to carbon dioxide have been established. The results show that essentially all of the anhydride originates from mixed gas-solid/gas reaction while substantial amounts of carbon dioxide are produced entirely catalytically.

Studies on the application of bio-carbon dioxide as controlled atmosphere on pest management in wheat grain storage

2022 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 101911
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kumar ◽  
Virendra K. Vijay ◽  
Paruchuri M.V. Subbarao ◽  
Ram Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Wheat Grain

Flow-through Respirometry: The Equations

2018 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
John R. B. Lighton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
System P ◽  
Flow Through

This chapter demystifies respirometry equations, showing how they can be derived using a simple mental trick: focusing the analysis on the principal gas that is neither consumed nor produced by animals. The effect of dilution of oxygen by carbon dioxide, the enrichment of carbon dioxide by the consumption of oxygen, and the effects of water vapor on the concentrations of both gases are described and quantified. A system of eight equations is derived that allow oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to be calculated in practically any feasible flow-through respirometry system.

Flow-through Respirometry: The Basics

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
John R. B. Lighton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Analysis ◽  
Response Correction ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

This chapter describes the basic theory behind the most widely used method for measuring metabolic rates: flow-through or open-system respirometry. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique are summarized and the two major types of flow-through respirometry systems are described. Recommendations are given on choosing an appropriate flow rate to compromise between speed of response and signal amplitude; on the nature and importance of the cage time-constant; on using mathematical techniques for response correction by compensating for first-order wash-out kinetics and avoiding mixing errors; the essential differences between oxygen and carbon dioxide analysis; choosing a data acquisition system; generating and measuring flow rates; removing or mathematically compensating for water vapor; important tools; and checklists for deciding on system configuration for a given investigation.

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