Iodine Content of Milk and Other Foods

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. DELLAVALLE ◽  
D. M. BARBANO
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
New York State ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Total Iodine

Excess dietary iodine intake has been identified as an issue of public health concern. The recommended dietary allowance for iodine is 100–150 (μg for adults and 70–120 (μg per day for children. A 1978 Food & Drug Administration survey found that milk and dairy products contributed more than 50% of the total food iodine intake for most age groups. A wide variety of dairy and food products were analyzed for iodine content. Red breakfast cereals and red candy (that contain FD&C Red No. 3), dairy products, eggs, milk, marine fish, and iodized salt contained the most significant quantities of iodine. Iodide content of individual raw milk samples from approximately 2500 farms in New York State was measured. Approximately 62% of all farms had milk iodide levels less than 200 μg/L, 28% between 200 and 499 μg/L, 7% between 500 and 1000 μg/L and 3% had greater than 1000 μg/L. The iodine content of all types of retail milk averaged 394.1 μg/L, cheese and cheese products averaged 15.2 μg/100 g. Most of the iodine partitions into the whey during cheese processing. For dairy powders (including whey), the average iodine content was 471.8 μg/100 g. Use of these powders as ingredients in other dairy and non-dairy products can contribute to high iodine content of other food products. In particular, the iodine content of ice cream was extremely variable, ranging from 18 to 359 μg/100 g. Generally, ice creams and ice milks that contained high proportions of whey and non-fat milk powders had higher levels of iodine in the finished product. Addition of FD&C Red No. 3 to foods substantially increases their total iodine content. However, the measured free iodide content of four brands of red breakfast cereal was higher than would be expected. Food and Drug Administration specifications for certified lots of FD&C Red No. 3 allows up to 0.4% sodium iodide as a contaminant from manufacture. The four brands of red breakfast cereal averaged 6% of their total iodine as free iodide (366 μg/30 g serving). This may indicate that free iodide may be released from FD&C Red No. 3 during processing.

SELECTION OF A MEDIUM FOR THE ISOLATION AND ENUMERATION OF ENTEROCOCCI IN DAIRY PRODUCTS1

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi S. Saraswat ◽  
Warren S. Clark ◽  
George W. Reinbold
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese ◽  
Selection Of

Ten media, commonly used for the detection and isolation of streptococci of sanitary significance in water, dairy and other food products, were compared to establish a plating medium for the enumeration of enterococci in dairy products. To make all media suitable for comparison by the agar plate method, agar was added to those media which initially were recommended for use as broths. Criteria used in selecting the medium were high recovery, selectivity but not undue inhibition of enterococci and ease in obtaining and interpreting results. The recovery data of three different platings of enterococcus cultures were statistically analyzed. In this manner, one medium was eliminated on the basis of low recovery. Six of the remaining nine media were eliminated because they permitted the growth of non-enterococcus cultures. Two of the three media then remaining were eliminated because they allowed one S. bovis culture to grow. In addition, these media showed considerable variation in size and color of enterococcus colonies. The medium selected, the Citrate azide medium of Reinbold, Swern and Hussong (13), was modified by increasing the azide concentration. This did not result in undue inhibitory effects. It was further tested by obtaining recovery data for 158 known enterococcus cultures. High selectivity was demonstrated by showing that 408 colonial isolates from plates of raw milk, cheese and butter could be identified as enterococci.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic methods of analysis to identify the species affiliation of the raw material composition in food products

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
E. A. Yurova ◽  
N. A. Zhizhin ◽  
S. A. Filchakova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk

Received in revised 08.08.2020 Methods based on the analysis of proteins and DNA molecules are more and more used to assess the composition of food products. Proteins research methods include immunological, electrophoretic and chromatographic ones. The analysis of DNA molecules is most often used to identify the species affiliation of food components. This is due to the stability of their structure compared to proteins, as well as their presence in most biological tissues. The results of studies evaluating methodological approaches for the application of the PCR diagnostic method to identify the composition of food products and the possibility of their use for monitoring dairy products have been shown. The objects of research were samples of cow, goat, sheep milk, as well as milk samples of different animal species mixed in various ratios. DNA was extracted from milk samples according to a unified technique for the separation of DNA molecules in milk and dairy products. The work also considers the possibility of using the PCR diagnostic method to identify the raw material origin of the product. To evaluate the measurement methods, artificially created samples of raw milk were used, which were cow, goat and sheep milk, a mix of three types of milk in different ratios. As a result of the research, the main method has been chosen as the real time PCR method, which has reliability, high sensitivity, sufficient rapidity, with the possibility of using it for dairy multicomponent products with a complex structural matrix, as well as products that have undergone deep technological processing.

Simulation of total dietary iodine intake in Flemish preschool children

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
R. Moreno-Reyes ◽  
I. Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
State University ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Iodised Salt ◽  
Food Composition Table ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Composition Table

The aim of the present study was to calculate the distribution of total iodine intake among Flemish preschoolers and to identify the major sources contributing to iodine intake. A simulation model using a combination of deterministic and probabilistic techniques was utilised. Scenario analyses were performed to assess iodine intake via dairy products, industrially added iodised salt in bread and discretionarily added iodised household salt. Relevant data from 3-d estimated dietary records of 696 preschoolers 2·5–6·5 years old were used. Usual iodine intakes were calculated using the Iowa State University method. With a more generalised utilisation of iodised salt in bread (44 % of the bakers in 2011 instead of 12 % in 2002), mean iodine intake increased from 159 to 164 μg/d using the McCance and Widdowson's food composition table and from 104 to 109 μg/d using the German food composition table. The percentage of preschoolers with an iodine intake below the estimated average requirement (65 μg/d) decreased from 5–12 to 4–9 %, while the percentage of preschoolers with an iodine intake above the tolerable upper intake level (300 μg/d) remained constant (0·3–4 %). Mean iodine intake via food supplements was 4·2 μg/d (total population) and 16·9 μg/d (consumers only). Both in 2002 and 2011, sugared dairy products, milk and iodised salt (21·4, 13·1, and 8·7 %, respectively in 2011) were the main contributors to total iodine intake. In conclusion, dietary iodine intake could still be improved in Flemish preschoolers. The use of adequately iodised household salt and the more generalised use of iodised salt by bakers should be further encouraged.

Relationship between levels of iodine and cyanogenetic glucoside in pasture and the productive performance of sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Flux ◽  
G. W. Butler ◽  
A. L. Rae ◽  
R. W. Brougham
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Iodine Supplementation

This paper describes an experiment designed to test the goitrogenic effect of white clover (Trifolium repens L) in ewe lambs grown and taken through a complete reproductive cycle. The sheep were setstocked on four pastures made up of perennial ryegrass and short-rotation rye-grass, both alone and together with cyanogenetic white clover. Since these species differ in iodine content when grown on the same soil, there were probably differences in dietary iodine intake of the sheep in the four groups. Half the animals in each group were injected intramuscularly with an iodinated poppy-seed oil to serve as an iodine depot.At slaughter, 19 months from the commencement of the experiment, thyroid weights indicated a goitrogenic action in the non-injected ewes grazing short-rotation rye-grass and white clover and to a lesser extent in the non-injected ewes grazing perennial rye-grass and white clover. There was evidence of a slight goitrogenic action in noninjected ewes grazing perennial rye-grass. The thyroids of non-injected ewes had similar iodine contents, lying within the range of 0·23–0·29% of the dry weight.In injected ewes, the total iodine content of the serum was three to four times higher than with non-injected ewes and the iodine content of the thyroids was three times greater. All injected ewes had thyroids of normal weight.No effects of iodine supplementation on growth, reproduction or wool production were found.Lambs born to the ewes in the fifteenth month of the experiment were slaughtered when 3–5 months old, the age varying with pasture treatment. Thyroid weights indicated a goitrogenic effect from the clover-containing pastures.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET OF LACTOSE-FREE AND LOW-LACTOSE DAIRY PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
YUDINA Tetiana ◽  
SERENKO Anton
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Complete Collection

Background. The problem of lactose intolerance is becoming widespread, especially in Ukraine it affects 15–35 % of the population. Dairy products are a valuable source of essential nutrients, that’s why it is impossible to completely rule out them from the diet. To solve this problem, it is important to develop technology for dairy products that are free of lactose or with reduced content. The aim of thework is to analyze the world market of low-lactose dairy products and to identify the factors which influence on the formation of such a market in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is the market segment of lactose-free and low-lactose dairy products. Methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical methods of evaluation, scientific generalization and comparison of data are used. Results. The formation of a healthy food market is characterized by gro­wing demand for special food products with regulated nutrient composition, in particular for dairy products, lactose-free or with its reduced content. However, in Ukraine, this market is still in its infancy. Today in country there are 160 units of lactose-free and low-lactose dairy pro­ducts. The volume of imported products in the general range is 68.13%. Kefir and sour cream have the largest share in the formation of the domestic market of low- and lactose-free dairy products, and domestic yogurts have the smallest part. Therefore, the saturation of the market with domestic yogurt, free of lactose, or with its reduced content, is an important area of the development of the Ukraine’s dairy industry. The restriction of natural food resources negatively affects the formation of the domestic market of low-lactose dairy products. In 2020, milk production decreased by about 7 %, due to the unstable economic situation caused by quarantine restrictions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. That’s why today the problem of complete collection and rational use of secondary raw milk in the production of food products dominates., especially dairy products of the "free-from" category. Conclusion. The need to create new technologies for low-lactose dairy products using local bioavailable raw materials is essentially due to their high demand and a narrow range of domestic products. The priority directions of development of the domestic market of low-lactose and lac­tose-free dairy products are offered in the context of the state policy of introduction of resource-saving and increase of volumes of high-quality production of domestic production.

scholarly journals Mothers’ behaviour contributes to suboptimal iodine status of family members: findings from an iodine-sufficient area

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantea Nazeri ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Nilufar Shiva ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Iodine Status

AbstractObjectiveIodine deficiency still remains a major public health concern worldwide despite global progress in its elimination. The aims of the present study were to evaluate dietary iodine status in the mother and one adult member of each family and the association between mothers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour and the dietary iodine status of adult family members in Tehran.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, 24 h urinary iodine and Na concentrations and the iodine content of household salt were measured. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour were assessed using a questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews.SettingHealth-care centres from four distinct areas of Tehran.SubjectsMother–adult family member pairs aged ≥19 years (n 290), enrolled through randomized cluster sampling.ResultsIn mothers and adult family members, median 24 h urinary iodine concentration was 73 (interquartile range (IQR) 36–141) µg/l and 70 (IQR 34–131) µg/l, dietary iodine intake was 143 (IQR 28–249) µg/d and 130 (IQR 26–250) µg/d and dietary salt intake was 8·0 (IQR 5·9–10·2) g/d and 7·5 (IQR 5·3–10·0) g/d, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between mothers’ attitude and behaviour and the 24 h urinary iodine concentration, dietary iodine intake and iodine content of salt of adult family members. In multiple analysis, lower quartiles of salt iodine content and salt intake and inappropriate behaviour scores in mothers increased the risk of urinary iodine concentration <100 µg/l in adult family members.ConclusionsThe present study showed that mothers’ behaviour, but not knowledge and attitude, was among major contributors to the suboptimal dietary iodine status observed in adult family members.

Manufacture of Dairy Products From Unpasteurized Milk: A Safety Assessment

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-Y. D'AOUST
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Mandatory Use ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia spp. in the food chain, and the more recent emergence of Listeria monocytogenes and hemorrhagic Escherichia coli as foodborne pathogens, are of public health concern. The ability of some of these bacterial agents to grow in milk and dairy products, to survive prolonged periods of refrigerated storage, and to withstand thermal treatments of raw milk at subpasteurizing temperatures, place new emphasis on the need for stringent control of milk processing operations and plant environment. Mandatory use of pasteurized milk may provide the only viable option for production of pathogen-free milk products.

Recalls of Foods and Cosmetics Due to Microbial Contamination Reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE WONG ◽  
DEBRA STREET ◽  
SONIA I. DELGADO ◽  
KARL C. KLONTZ
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
The U.S

In the U.S., food product recalls serve as an important intervention in stemming the consumption of food products contaminated with infectious disease agents. We summarize the number and nature of foods and cosmetics recalled as a result of microbial contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the period 1 October 1993 through 30 September 1998. During this period, microbial contamination of food and cosmetic products was the leading cause for recalls, accounting for a total of 1,370 recalls (36% of all products recalled). Listeria monocytogenes accounted for the greatest number of food products recalled because of microbial contamination, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common microbe associated with recalls of cosmetic products. Dairy products, followed by seafood and pastry items, were the types of products most often associated with recalls due to microbial contamination. The FDA was the entity most often responsible for detecting microbial contamination of foods and cosmetics (33% of all such recalls), followed by state regulatory agencies (24%), and manufacturers/retailers (21%). Nineteen percent of recalls were associated with at least one reported case of illness. Salmonella was the pathogen most often implicated in reports of illness associated with these recalled products.

scholarly journals Actual problems of quality and safety of food products in the context of providing food security in the Zhytomyr region

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (93) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
V. A. Kotelevych
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The State ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Economic Markets

The results of the veterinary and sanitary examination of food products are based on data from Zhytomyr Regional State Laboratory of the State Service for Safety of Food and Consumer Protection and State Laboratories of Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of Economic Markets in Zhytomyr and Zhytomyr Oblast for 2018. The main cause of detoxification of offal was invasive disease. Total sales: 80.26325 tons of products and 10397 positive results were obtained, out of which 92 carcasses, 4074 cases of invasive and non-communicable diseases – 10.262 tons, 6231 cases of other food products with a total weight of 70.00125. The analysis of the reporting documentation of the ZHDLDPPS and the state laboratories of all economic markets in Zhytomyr and Zhytomyr region showed that the main causes of milk and dairy products were: mechanical and bacterial contamination, falsification, subclinical mastics, inconsistency of organoleptic parameters with regulatory requirements, fat content and acidity, violation of terms of implementation. Screening test systems (Charm test Chloramphenicol, 4 sensors (antibiotics of Beta-lactam groups, Tetracyclines, Streptomycins, Chloramphenicol) 247 samples of raw milk were checked, of which 2.4% were positive. Security guarantor  dairy products in Ukraine remains a system for monitoring sanitary-dangerous pathogens and residual amounts of toxic substances. The pollution of forest fungi and game in the victims of the Chernobyl accident in the Zhytomyr region remains at a rather high level and they are the main source of danger to consumers. The most contaminated samples of fresh mushrooms, whose specific activity exceeded the regulatory requirements of DR-2006 for 137Cs content in 2018, were from Ovruch (5 samples 509.1 – 3375 Bq/kg), Native (1 sample – 1956 Bq/kg) and Zhitnaya Market of Zhytomyr (3 samples 2328–2345 bq/kg at a rate of 500 Bq/kg). Accordingly, samples of dry mushrooms at a norm of 2500 Bq/kg did not meet the normative requirements of Ovruch 1 (6329 Bq/kg), of the Nurses 2 samples (4330 Bq/kg and 4987 Bq/kg) and Olevsk 1 sample (2814Bk/kg. DLVSE the study of 28 samples of dry fungi showed that the specific activity of 50% of samples from the Ovruch region was 2520–5000 Bq/kg, 5.8% of samples from the Emilchinsky district – 2544–2923 Bq/kg, 7.2% of the samples from the Native -397– 29022 Bq/kg and 4.3% of samples from the Olevsk rayon – 2739–2892 Bq/kg. Of the LRDLDPPS examined, 3 samples of game – 1 sample from Ovruch exceeded the permissible levels by 2.3 times (464 Bq/kg), with Lugin in 3.3 times (634 Bq/kg), from the Native – 7.6 times (1531 Bq/kg) .And according to the DLVSE, the level of contamination of the game with 6 samples in the Germans – 4 samples (2000-12124 Bq/kg) In Samara, 1 sample in Korosten amounted to 1,500 Bq kg, of which 48 samples of milk tested by the DLVSE in the Germans all showed an excess of 137Cs (101-172 Bq/kg ), fish-2 samples – 203 and 590 Bq/kg.

DIE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER JODHALTIGEN VERBINDUNGEN UND IHRE BEZIEHUNG ZUM JODUMSATZ IN EUTHYREOTEN STRUMEN

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dankwart Reinwein ◽  
Erich Klein
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Iodine Compound ◽  
Hormonal Secretion ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Diffuse Goiter

ABSTRACT The iodine metabolism was investigated in 29 patients with euthyroid non-endemic diffuse goiter. 1 to 14 days before thyroidectomy the patients received carrier-free 131I. The chemical iodine fractions (PBI, BEI and iodide) of the thyroid and the labelled iodine compound were analyzed by means of paper- and column chromatography. In one gland the total iodine content varied only by ± 19.6% of the average, the relative shares of PBI, BEI and iodide as well as that of the iodoamino acids being equal. Monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine and thyroxine were found in the thyroid homogenate without hydrolysis. The homogenate after hydrolysis contained more iodotyrosines at the expense of iodothyronines than do normal glands. 17 goiters with normal 131I-uptake showed a high total iodine content (14.2 ± 5.0 mg) whilst 9 goiters with an increased 131I-uptake had low values (3.58 ± 0.6 mg). The opposite was found for the relative shares of BEI with the chromatographically isolated iodothyronines thyroxine, triiodothyronine and an unidentified iodine compound. Goiters with »high plasma PB131I« were characterized by a faster transfer of 131I into the more heavily iodinated compounds than is found in glands with a normal hormonal secretion rate. The highest values for the iodothyronines were found in goiters with increased 131I-uptake together with a high hormonal secretion rate. From this study it appears that the changes in the iodine-poor glands are due to a defective exo- or endogenous iodine supply. The observed alterations in iodine-rich glands are probably induced by a faulty iodine utilization characterized by an incomplete iodotyrosyl-coupling defect.

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