Survival and Multiplication of Vibrio cholerae Serotype Ogawa in Reconstituted Infant Milk

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. ODUGBO ◽  
S. I. ONUORAH ◽  
A. A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Ph Range

In vitro studies were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, pH, and competitive growth of other microorganisms on the viability and multiplication of Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa in reconstituted infant milk (nonsterile). Following inoculation of milk sample (at a pH range of 6.0 to 6.4), the V. cholerae population detected on thiosulfate-citrate-bile sucrose (TCBS) agar increased from 9.5 × 103 per g to 7.4 × 104, 2.6 × 108, and 1.9 × 109 per g after 12 h at 4°C, 25°C (room temperature) and 37°C, respectively. At a pH of 5.5, an approximate 100-fold rise in V. cholerae was observed after 12 h at 25°C, while within a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5, a five logarithmic increase in numbers was detected. The presence of other microorganisms did not appear to have any adverse effect on V. cholerae survival and growth in milk. The study demonstrates that at ambient conditions V. cholerae contamination of infant milk formula by carriers or infected mothers could lead to multiplication of the organism and hence pose serious health risk to infants.

scholarly journals USING NATURAL LIGHT ON MICROPROPAGATION OF SWEET POTATO ( Ipomoea batatas L. ) IN AREA OF HO CHI MINH CITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Giap Dang Do ◽  
Hien Thi Dieu Huynh ◽  
The Danh Tran ◽  
Tuan Trong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Better Than

Plantlets of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L. ) were cultured in vitro under three different ambient conditions including a standard culture room - PS, a culture room inside a glasshouse with natural light but controlled temperature - TH, and a standard glasshouse with natural light (natural fluctuations of temperature) - NP. Plantlets from three treatments were compared in terms of pathogen rate, growth, survival plant at the end of the in vitro stage and at the ex vitro acclimatization. This result showed that, after 28 days of culture, sweet potato plants were cultured in vitro TH conditions have reduced entirely due to susceptibility to fungal disease causing outside air. After 14 days of ex vitro acclimatization, plants originally grow in vitro under the TH condition had ability to adapt about field survival and growth rates better than the other two treatments.

In Vitro Interaction between Venous Blood Clots and Radiopharmaceuticals

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. R. Persson ◽  
V. Kempi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

SummaryClots of 1 ml venous blood formed in glass tubes after 10 min at room temperature were incubated at 37° C with the radiopharmaceutical to be studied. Methods for quality control of the radiopharmaceuticals were compared. Gel chromatography scanning was found to give reliable information. The incorporation into the clot was studie’d at different pH values and after various time intervals. The highest incorporation was found for 125I-fibrinogen and for 99mTc-mac-roaggregates of albumin, followed by 99mTc-sulphur colloid and 99mTc-strep-tokinase at pH less than 2. The titrated initial dose of 99mTc-streptoki-nase was studied at various pH levels. The lysing effect was less in the pH range 1-2.5, where the best labeling yield was obtained. The inactivation of streptokinase by the labeling procedure was also studied with im-munoelectrophoresis and decomposition of casein. In vitro studies of the interaction of radiopharmaceuticals with clots add information for the clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals for thrombus localization.

scholarly journals Effect of increase in temperature on the survival and growth of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Palaemonidae) in the Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Argemiro Midonês Bastos ◽  
Jô Farias Lima ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Macrobrachium amazonicum is a shrimp species distributed in freshwater habitats of Neotropical regions and is of great importance for the Amazonian economy. This study evaluated the effects of temperature increase on the survival and growth of M. amazonicum. For this, we distributed 360 M. amazonicum juveniles in 70 L tanks, and carried out a 90-day experiment with three treatments (T0: 28 ± 0.5 °C, or room temperature; T1: 30 ± 0.2 °C; T2: 32 ± 0.2 °C), using 4 replicate tanks each with 30 individual shrimp. Culture-tanks were connected to a recirculation system with biofiltration and constant aeration. Animals were fed twice a day using shrimp pelleted commercial food. After 90 days of trial, the total length and body mass gain of the animals cultured at room temperature was 78% and 433%, respectively. The specific growth rate, condition factor, weight gain, and length and survival of animals cultured at 30 and 32 °C were lower than those cultivated at 28 °C, and feed conversion was higher. Therefore, water temperature of 30 and 32 °C may compromise growth and survival of M. amazonicum during cultivation, none of the extreme temperatures may be recommended in practice.

In Situ Localization of PPAR Gamma and Uncoupling Protein in Mouse Embryo Sections Using Digoxigenin-Labeled Riboprobes

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
C. Jennermann ◽  
S. A. Kliewer ◽  
D. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and has been shown in vitro to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. By Northern analysis, we and other researchers have shown that expression of this receptor predominates in adipose tissue in adult mice, and appears first in whole-embryo mRNA at 13.5 days postconception. In situ hybridization was used to find out in which developing tissues PPARg is specifically expressed.Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes were generated using the Genius™ 4 RNA Labeling Kit from Boehringer Mannheim. Full length PPAR gamma, obtained by PCR from mouse liver cDNA, was inserted into pBluescript SK and used as template for the transcription reaction. Probes of average size 200 base pairs were made by partial alkaline hydrolysis of the full length transcripts. The in situ hybridization assays were performed as described previously with some modifications. Frozen sections (10 μm thick) of day 18 mouse embryos were cut, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and acetylated with 0.25% acetic anhydride in 1.0M triethanolamine buffer. The sections were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature in pre-hybridization buffer, and were then hybridized with a probe concentration of 200μg per ml at 70° C, overnight in a humidified chamber. Following stringent washes in SSC buffers, the immunological detection steps were performed at room temperature. The alkaline phosphatase labeled, anti-digoxigenin antibody and detection buffers were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim. The sections were treated with a blocking buffer for one hour and incubated with antibody solution at a 1:5000 dilution for 2 hours, both at room temperature. Colored precipitate was formed by exposure to the alkaline phosphatase substrate nitrobluetetrazoliumchloride/ bromo-chloroindlylphosphate.

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Durak ◽  
M. Kitapgi ◽  
B. E. Caner ◽  
R. Senekowitsch ◽  
M. T. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

Effect of Temperature on ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
C. A Praga ◽  
E. M Pogliani
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cuvette Holder ◽  
Exact Temperature

SummaryTemperature represents a very important variable in ADP-induced platelet aggregation.When low doses of ADP ( < 1 (μM) are used to induce platelet aggregation, the length of the incubation period of PRP in the cuvette holder of the aggregometer, thermostatted at 37° C, is very critical. Samples of the same PRP previously kept at room temperature, were incubated for increasing periods of time in the cuvette of the aggregometer before adding ADP, and a significant decrease of aggregation, proportional to the length of incubation, was observed. Stirring of the PRP during the incubation period made these changes more evident.To measure the exact temperature of the PRP during incubation in the aggre- gometer, a thermocouple device was used. While the temperature of the cuvette holder was stable at 37° C, the PRP temperature itself increased exponentially, taking about ten minutes from the beginning of the incubation to reach the value of 37° C. The above results have a practical significance in the reproducibility of the platelet aggregation test in vitro and acquire particular value when the effect of inhibitors of ADP induced platelet aggregation is studied.Experiments carried out with three anti-aggregating agents (acetyl salicyclic acid, dipyridamole and metergoline) have shown that the incubation conditions which influence both the effect of the drugs on platelets and the ADP breakdown in plasma must be strictly controlled.

Human Platelet Acetylcholinesterase: The Effects of Anticholinesterases on Platelet Function

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Smith ◽  
Boyd Braem ◽  
Kent D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Aggregation Factor

SummaryPlatelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in gel-filtered platelet preparations. Three different anticholinesteratic agents (eserine, neostigmine, and diiso- propylphosphorofluoridate) at final concentrations of 10 μM caused complete inhibition of AChE activity after 30 min incubation at room temperature with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Complete inhibition of platelet AChE had no effect on platelet aggregation, factor-3 availability, and plasma clot retraction. We conclude that platelet membrane AChE activity is not required for normal platelet function as measured by these in vitro parameters.

PERILAKU DISOLUSI KETOPROFEN DAN INDOMETASIN FARNESIL TERSALUT GEL KITOSAN-GOM GUAR

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwantiningsih Sugita ◽  
Bambang Srijanto ◽  
Budi Arifin ◽  
Fithri Amelia ◽  
Mahdi Mubarok
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer ◽  
Dissolution Behaviour ◽  
Shrimp Shell Waste

Chitosan, a modification of shrimp-shell waste, has been utilized as microcapsule. However, it’s fragile gel property needs to be strengthened by adding glutaraldehyde (glu) and natural hydrocolloid guar gum (gg). This research’s purposes were to study dissolution behaviour of ketoprofen and infar through optimum chitosan-guar gum microcapsule. Into 228.6 mL of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid,38.1 mL of gg solution was added with concentration variation of 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75% (w/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules and 0.05, 0.19, and 0.33% (w/v) for infar microcapsules, and stirred with magnetic stirrer until homogenous. Afterwards, 7.62mL of glu was added slowly under stirring, with concentrations varied: 3, 3.5, and 4% (v/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules, and 4, 4.5, and 5% (v/v) for infar microcapsules. All mixtures were shaked for 20 minutes for homogenization. All mixtures wereshaked for 20 minutes for homogenization. Into each  microcapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added, whereas solution of 100 mg of in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added into each microcapsule mixture for infar. Every mixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Everymixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. The data of [gg], [glu], and medicine’s content from each microcapsule were treated with Minitab 14 software to obtain optimum [gg] and [glu] for microencapsulation. The dissolution behaviour of optimum ketoprofen and infar microcapsules were investigated. The result of optimization by using Minitab Release 14 software showed that among the microcapsule compositions of [gg] and [glu] were 0.35% (w/v) and 3.75% (v/v), respectively, optimum to coat ketoprofen, whereas [gg] and [glu] of 0.05% (w/v) and4.00% (v/v), respectively, optimum to coat infar, at constant chitosan concentration (1.75% [w/v]). In vitro dissolution profile showed that chitosan-guar gum gel microcapsule was more resistant in intestinal pH condition (rather basic) compared with that in gastric pH (very acidic).

Extract of Polyphenols from Pomegranate Seed and its Antioxidant Activity in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Le-Bin Yin ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Ai-Lian Yang ◽  
Cong Liao ◽  
Ping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Interaction Technique ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Pomegranate Seed ◽  
Pomegranate Seeds ◽  
Scavenging Rates

In this study, the pomegranate seeds were treated by micro-cutting assisted interaction technique. The effective components were extracted from pomegranate seeds with 95% ethanol at room temperature, and their antioxidant capacity in vitro was determined. The results showed that the scavenging rates of DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation were 70.97, 51.95, 52.85, and 80.62%, respectively. The antioxidation ability of alcohol extract of pomegranate seed was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for developing more value of pomegranate seed in the future.

pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remya Radha ◽  
Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Ph Range

Background:pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry.Objective:The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase.Methods:Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase.Results:The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1.Conclusion:The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0.

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