Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Foods and Feeds by Physical and Chemical Methods1

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. SAMARAJEEWA ◽  
A. C. SEN ◽  
M. D. COHEN ◽  
C. I. WEI
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Shed Light

Detoxification of aflatoxin contaminated foods has been a continuing challenge for the food industry. This article examines primarily the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 in foods and feeds. The sensitivity of aflatoxins to physical or chemical treatments is affected by many factors including moisture content, location of the toxins in the food, forms of the food, and interactions of the toxins with food components. Thus, it is important to understand these factors before a specific detoxification method can be recommended. In addition, the use of any applicable treatment conditions should not cause undesirable alterations to the nutritional and organoleptic qualities of the foods. The combined use of physical and chemical treatment procedures appear to provide a better prospect than the use of only a single treatment procedure. A reevaluation of the present processing conditions may shed light on the development of modified procedures to effectively degrade aflatoxins in foods, while still achieving other processing objectives.

MAGNETO-THERAPY IN PHYSIOTHERAPY UNITS: INTRODUCTION OF QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE DUE TO LACK OF MAINTENANCE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Koutsojannis ◽  
Andreas Andrikopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Seimenis ◽  
Adam Adamopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Abstract Rehabilitation practice for many patients consisting of a combined use of magneto therapy resulting emission of low frequency magnetic fields to the patient, elicit concerns about occupational exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) for the operators. The time extended use of the device periodically leads to mechanical failures or troubleshooting of the machine which, in most cases, are not perceived by the operator of the device. All device’s efficient functionality have a major impact on the completion of the treatment procedure in a large percentage of specific clinical conditions. If the device’s operating condition is technically out of order or in a mode of over-activity, operators are mainly seeking solutions by reviewing the clinical case of the patient. This eliminates their contribution during the primary therapeutic plan or increases the treatment sessions. In this work, an extended survey is presented including 75 physiotherapy centres concerning usability and maintenance issues of magneto therapy devices throughout Greek territory combined with extended measurements of Electromagnetic Radiation in the unit room were performed. Physiotherapists’ perceptions revealed lack of technical support, maintenance and safe use of magneto therapy devices that extract auxiliary observations upon their clinical practice routines. Additionally safety measurements have not revealed field strengths over International Reference Levels which could result health risks for users and coexisting patients. The pilot survey that conducted in Attica and Western Greece confirms that magnetic fields strength that are measured are in accordance with the statutory legislation but will, at the same time, revealed lack of maintenance of the devices. Deficiency in topics such as proper equipment function will necessitate the creation of quality safety protocols, concerning the use of magneto-therapy, with the main aim the improvement of treatment procedures for the higher performance of therapeutic rehabilitation services to patients. Finally in this work, the proposal of a QC protocol for magnetotherapy devices is proposed for evaluation.

Nanocrystals: The Preparation, Precise Control and Application Toward the Pharmaceutics and Food Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 2425-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Wu ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Ya Hu ◽  
Zhiyuan Rao ◽  
Wangping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Significant Process ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Analytical Technology ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crystallization is a significant process employed to produce a wide variety of materials in pharmaceutical and food area. The control of crystal dimension, crystallinity, and shape is very important because they will affect the subsequent filtration, drying and grinding performance as well as the physical and chemical properties of the material. This review summarizes the special features of crystallization technology and the preparation methods of nanocrystals, and discusses analytical technology which is used to control crystal quality and performance. The crystallization technology applications in pharmaceutics and foods are also outlined. These illustrated examples further help us to gain a better understanding of the crystallization technology for pharmaceutics and foods.

scholarly journals Microwave and Ultrasound Based Methods in Sludge Treatment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7067
Author(s):  
Zoltán Jákói ◽  
Balázs Lemmer ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr ◽  
Sándor Beszédes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility

The amount of waste activated sludge (WAS) is increasing annually, and since it presents potential environmental and health-related risks, an appropriate treatment and stabilization process is needed. It has been shown in numerous studies in the past few decades that amongst the advanced treatment methods of sludge, microwave and ultrasound-based processes offer promising and effective alternatives. The main advantage of these physical methods is that they are energy-efficient, easy to implement and can be combined with other types of treatment procedures without major difficulties. In this review article we would like to present the recent scientific results of the microwave, ultrasound and combined (microwave-alkaline, microwave-H2O2, ultrasound-alkaline and ultrasound-H2O2) treatment of wastewater sludge, in terms of different process-efficiency indicators. Although the obtained results somewhat vary between the different scientific papers, it can be undoubtedly stated that both MW and US—either individually or in combination with chemical treatments—can enhance several aspects of sludge processing, like increasing the SCOD/TCOD rate, disintegration degree (DD), or the anaerobic digestibility (AD), but the extent of these increments clearly depends on the treatment conditions or parameters.

Effects of physical and chemical treatments upon biophysical properties and micro-relief of human skin

2008 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Atrux-Tallau ◽  
Ngoc T. T. Huynh ◽  
Laurie Gardette ◽  
Cyril Pailler-Mattéi ◽  
Hassan Zahouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Puparia Cleaning Techniques for Forensic and Archaeo-Funerary Studies

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pradelli ◽  
Fabiola Tuccia ◽  
Giorgia Giordani ◽  
Stefano Vanin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Wrong Identification ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Diptera puparia may represent both in forensic and archaeo-funerary contexts the majority of the entomological evidence useful to reconstruct the peri and post-mortem events. Puparia identification is quite difficult due to the lack of identification keys and descriptions. In addition, external substances accumulated during the puparia permanence in the environment make the visualization of the few diagnostic characters difficult, resulting in a wrong identification. Six different techniques based on physical and chemical treatments have been tested for the removal of external substances from puparia to make identification at species level feasible. Furthermore, the effects of these methods on successful molecular analyses have also been tested as molecular identification is becoming an important tool to complement morphological identifications. The results of this study indicate that cleaning via warm water/soap, the sonication and treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution are the best methods to achieve a good quality of the samples.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of alumina nanomethanol fluid on the performance, combustion and emission of DMDF diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Zenghui Yin ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Jiangjun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Nanofluid Fuel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

With the increasingly strict domestic emission regulations, how to reduce diesel emission without affecting its output power has become a hot and important research topic. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, the combined use of methanol and Al2O3 nanoparticles plays a unique role in promoting combustion and reducing emissions. In this study, Al2O3 methanol nanofluid fuel was injected into the inlet and diesel fuel was injected into the cylinder to explore the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the performance, combustion and emissions of diesel methanol dual fuel (DMDF) entered. The experienced results showed that with the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles in methanol, the peak pressure and heat release rate in the cylinder of the diesel engine were improved, the combustion delay period and the combustion duration were shortened, the fuel consumption rate was reduced by up to 10.8%, and the braking thermal efficiency was increased by 12.11% at most. With the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles, NOx, CO, HC and soot ratio emissions of the engine were reduced, among which the NOx reduction ratio was small, and the maximum reduction ratio of the last three was 28.82%, 83.33% and 29.27% respectively.

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparison of Bioactive Silicon Nitride Laser Claddings on Different Substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9039
Author(s):  
Elia Marin ◽  
Matteo Zanocco ◽  
Francesco Boschetto ◽  
Toshiro Yamamoto ◽  
Narisato Kanamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The performance, durability, and bio-integration of functional biomedical coatings can be enhanced by changing or improving their substrate properties. In this study, we applied silicon nitride powder-based laser claddings to various substrates and undertook an in vitro assessment of their osteoconductive and antibacterial properties. The substrates included common arthroplasty materials: polyethylene, titanium, zirconia-toughened alumina, and zirconia. Multiple analytical techniques were used to characterize the physical and chemical structure of the claddings after deposition. Partial decomposition of the silicon nitride powders occurred during the cladding process, resulting in nitrogen loss during intermetallic formation phases under some substrate and treatment conditions. The osteoconductive capabilities of various laser-cladded substrates were evaluated in a SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell culture by measuring the amount of bone formation on the coated surface. Antibacterial testing was performed using Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Silicon nitride coating enhanced both osteoconductive and antibacterial properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document