Emesis in the Shrew Mouse (Suncus murinus) Induced by Peroral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONG-LIANG HU ◽  
KATSUHIKO OMOE ◽  
HIDEAKI SHIMURA ◽  
KATSUHIKO ONO ◽  
SHUNJI SUGII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suitable Animal Model

Peroral and intraperitoneal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to Suncus murinus elicited an emetic response. The 50% emetic dose of SEA by peroral administration was found to be 32 μg per kg of body weight, whereas that by intraperitoneal administration was 3 μg per kg. Multiple emetic responses occurred 70 to 108 min after peroral administration of an emetic dose of SEA. Similar responses occurred 65 to 102 min after intraperitoneal injection of an emetic dose of SEA. No significant difference in vomiting was observed between male and female animals. Anti-SEA serum neutralized SEA-induced emesis in S. murinus. These findings indicate that S. murinus may serve as a suitable animal model to study the enterotoxigenicity of SEA.

scholarly journals Induction of Emetic Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in the House Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus)

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Liang Hu ◽  
Katsuhiko Omoe ◽  
Yu Shimoda ◽  
Akio Nakane ◽  
Kunihiro Shinagawa
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Musk Shrew ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT The emetic responses induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, SEC2, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) were investigated. SEA, SEE, and SEI showed higher emetic activity in the house musk shrew than the other SEs. SEB, SEC2, SED, SEG, and SEH also induced emetic responses in this animal model but relatively high doses were required. The house musk shrew appears to be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of emetic reactions caused by SEs.

scholarly journals The Composition of the Blood of the Shore Crab, Carcinus Moenas Pennant, in Relation to Sex and Body Size

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
A. B. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Blood Conductivity ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The influence of body size and sex on the total osmotic pressure (O.P.) and blood conductivity of the shore crab was investigated. 2. In both sexes the O.P. fell steadily as body weight increased. 3. At any body weight the O.P. of the blood of male crabs was significantly higher that that of females. 4. Blood conductivity increased in both sexes until a maximum was reached at a weight of about 35 g. Thereafter the conductivity fell as the weight increased. 5. There was no significant difference in blood conductivity between male and female crabs below 35 g. body weight. Above 35 g. the conductivity of males was significantly higher than that of females.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A-Induced Toxic Shock

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 3490-3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisana Asano ◽  
Sayuri Yoshimura ◽  
Akio Nakane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Bacterial Toxin ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from adipose tissues, exhibit immunomodulatory effects that are promising for several applications, including the therapeutics of inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the effect of ASCs on bacterial toxin-induced inflammation was investigated. Intraperitoneal administration of ASCs rescued mice from lethal shock induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) potentiated with lipopolysaccharide. In the sera and/or spleens of mice administered ASCs, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-2 was reduced. By quantitative real-time PCR, the expression of Foxp3 in the mice administered ASCs was not altered. On the other hand, the expression of IL-12 receptor and STAT4 was decreased with ASC administration. These results imply that the effect of ASCs is not involved in the lineage of regulatory T cells but that these cells may modulate TH1 differentiation. This information provides evidence that ASCs have properties that are effective to attenuate SEA-induced toxic shock and should prompt further exploration on other inflammatory diseases caused by bacterial toxins or bacterial infections.

scholarly journals EFEK 2-METHOXYETHANOL TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI TESTIS MENCIT (Mus musculus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alifah Hayati ◽  
Binti Yunaida ◽  
I.B. Rai Pidada ◽  
Win Darmanto ◽  
Dwi Winarni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
One Way Anova

This research has done to investigate the effect of 2-Methoxyethanol on the testicular histology of the male mice and also the influence the length of time after administration 2-ME stopped in the recovery of the spermatogenic cells and the diameter also the thicknes of seminiferous tubule. Thirty BALB/C male mice 8–9 week old, weighed 28–30 grams body weight. Those mice separated to 6 groups with 5 male mice each group. Those mice were treated with 2-ME 200 mg/kg body weight daily by intra peritoneal injection, within 3 weeks (K1). To investigate the influence the length of time after administration 2-ME stopped, the male mice after treated by 2-ME in 3 weeks also given by the length of time after 2-ME administration stopped 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks (P1, P2, P3 and P4). The control animal given by intraperitoneal administration of saline. Histological observation was performed on the number of spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, oval spermatid and the diameter also epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules. The data were analyzed by One-Sample T-test to investigate the differences between K0 and K1. One Way ANOVA to investigate the influence the length of time after 2-ME administration stopped in the P1, P2, P3 and P4 and then continuing by LSD (Least Significant Difference) to show the differences groups of treatment. The result showed that administration 2-ME could destroy the seminiferous tubules in the testes. Its presented by the decreasing of the number spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, oval spermatid and diameter also epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubule. The length of time after administration 2-ME stopped could recover seminiferous tubules condition. Its presented by the increasing of the number spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, oval spermatid, and diameter also epithelial tickness of seminiferous tubules. The conclution of this research were, 2-ME could destroy the testicular histology of the male mice and the length of time after administration 2-ME stopped have linear correlation with seminiferous tubules recovery.

scholarly journals Milchaufnahme und Wachstumsleistung von Saugkälbern der Deutschen Rotbunten und der Deutschen Schwarzbunten im alten Typ während der Winterstallhaltung Einflüsse durch das Geschlecht und das Alter des Kalbes

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
M. Steinhardt ◽  
H.-H. Thielscher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weight Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Milk Ingestion

Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk ingestion and growth performance of suckler calves born during winter stalling from German Red and White breed and from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation On 14 calves from German Red and White breed and on 17 calves from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation measurements of body weight were done repeatedly during growth after separating the calves from the dams for 150 min and than again after the calves had contacted the dams for 60 min. Measurements took place always at the same daytime. Milk ingestion of calves was assessed by way of body weight difference method. Acute body weight difference varied markedly between calves and increased with age. The fraction of positive weight difference of all measurements was between 60 % and 86,2 % (male 60 % and 86,2 %; female 67,6 % and 80,6 %) in DRB breed and between 69,1 % and 89,3 % (male 72,9 % and 89,3 %; female 69,1 % and 82,6 %) in DSB breed. Means of all measurements showed a significant difference of acute positive body weight change and of growth rate between breeds and sexes. Mean acute positive body weight changes developed with life age and body growth with different degree in male and female calves. Growth rate of calves showed greater inter- and intraindividual variation from 1 to 10 days of life age. Differences in growth rate between male and female calves were more profound in DRB breed than in DSB breed.

Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy balance in rats are sex dependent

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. R1417-R1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
Y. Deshaies ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a chronic intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on energy balance of male and female rats. One week after their delivery to the laboratory, both male and female rats were divided into two groups. One group in each sex was treated with human/rat CRF, while another group was infused with the vehicle. Chronic administration of CRF was accomplished by means of miniosmotic pumps connected to a cannula that was stereotaxically directed into the third ventricle. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were killed by decapitation. Energy, fat, and protein contents of the carcasses were quantified. Serum testosterone and estradiol were assayed in males and females, respectively. Administration of CRF significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake in male rats. No significant difference in those variables was observed between female rats treated with CRF and their controls infused with saline. Similarly, metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain were reduced in male rats infused with CRF, whereas no difference was observed between female animals treated with CRF and those infused with saline. In male rats, body fat and body protein contents were lower in CRF-treated than in saline-infused rats. In female rats, CRF did not affect body composition. Serum testosterone in male rats and serum estradiol in female animals were reduced after chronic infusion of CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Experimental Diabetes and the Inner Ear a Proposed Biologic Model

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Gladney
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Suitable Animal Model ◽  
Cochlear Partition ◽  
The Many

Experimental diabetes was induced in 28 healthy chinchillas by the intravenous injection of Streptozotocin.® Five chinchillas were used as controls. It was noted that a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight produced a noninsulin-dependent diabetes in adult chinchillas of mean weights of 393 gm. The chinchilla is proposed as a suitable animal model for the study of experimental diabetes because of the many attributes it possesses. A method of producing experimental diabetes is described. A method of anatomical display was utilized that allowed a detailed longitudinal study of the entire cochlear partition without sacrificing the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane. The study did not yield any new histopathologic data concerning the nature of diabetes in the inner ear. In all likelihood this is, among other things, a factor of the mild severity of diabetes induced and the short duration of this study.

scholarly journals Performances Body Dimensions of Bali Cattle of Traditional Livestock in Southeast Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Harapin Hafid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Student’S T

This study aims to determine the comparison of body measurements and body weight of male and female Balinese cows. The research was at the Kendari City Slaughterhouse. Measuring 94 Bali cows consisting of 47 males and 47 females aged 1-3 years. Data were analyzed by Student's T-test. The results showed that the average male body weight was 191.30 kg and female 181.98 kg. The average body measurements of male and female Balinese cows are body length (114.11 cm and 110.15 cm), gumba height (111.68 cm and 109.60 cm), chest circumference (149.30 cm and 146.15 cm), front canon bone circumference (14.89 cm and 14.75 cm), rear canon bone circumference (16.67 cm and 16.63 cm). Where there is no significant difference in linear body measurements in the two sexes of cattle (p> 0.05). It was concluded that the linear measurements of the bodies of Balinese male and female cattle from traditional livestock breeding in Sulawesi Sulawesi were relatively uniform. But quantitatively the body measurements of male Bali cattle are relatively higher compared to female Bali cattle.

scholarly journals The influence of sex and age on the deposition of L-xyloascorbic acid in tissues of guinea-pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Supplements

1. Young male and female guinea-pigs of similar age and male guinea-pigs of various ages were given daily oral supplements of vitamin C (L-xyloascorbic acid) (AA) on a body-weight basis for periods of 10–15 d and the resulting concentration of AA in several organs was determined.2. There was no difference between the sexes in the concentrations of AA in the adrenal glands and spleen. The concentration of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and eye lens was significantly lower in older animals, and in brain it was significantly higher than the corresponding values for the young guinea-pigs.3. The tissue deposition after oral administration of AA for 10 d was compared with that resulting from intramuscular injection of the same quantity of AA over 10 d in males aged 60 d, males aged 500 d and females aged 500 d. In the 60-d-old guinea-pigs intramuscular injection raised the concentration of AA in the spleen and adrenal glands 35% and 50% respectively above that resulting from oral dosing. In the older guinea-pigs (500 d) the corresponding values were 108% and 127% respectively. It is concluded that reduced gastrointestinal absorption is, at least in part, responsible for the low AA concentrations in certain organs from older guinea-pigs. In the 500-d-old guinea-pigs there was no significant difference between the AA levels in the spleen, adrenals and brain of the two sexes, but AA level in the lens of females was significantly lower than that in males, irrespective of the mode of administration of the AA.

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