Toxicity of Fumonisin from Fusarium verticillioides Culture Material and Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi Culture Material When Fed Singly and in Combination to Growing Barrows

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER B. HARVEY ◽  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
LEON F. KUBENA ◽  
GEORGE E. ROTTINGHAUS ◽  
JAMES R. TURK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) from Fusarium verticillioides culture material and moniliformin from Fusarum fujikuroi culture material on growing barrows were evaluated. Four groups of six barrows (three replicates of two each; mean body weight, 11.1 kg) were fed diets containing 0 mg of FB1 and 0 mg of moniliformin per kg of feed (control), 100 mg of FB1 per kg of feed, 100 mg of moniliformin per kg of feed, and 100 mg of FB1 plus 100 mg of moniliformin per kg of feed. Barrows were fed these diets for 28 days. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, serum biochemical analytes, and hematological values were adversely affected by the FB1 and the FB1-plus-moniliformin diets. The moniliformin diet decreased body weight gain. Two barrows in the moniliformin diet group died, and two barrows in the FB1-plus-moniliformin diet group died. All deaths occurred during the first 6 days of the study. Mild to moderate lesions were observed microscopically in heart and lung tissues of the groups fed moniliformin and FB1 plus moniliformin and in liver tissues of the groups fed FB1 and FB1 plus moniliformin. Except for the acute mortality associated with the two diets containing moniliformin, clinical disease induced by the combined feeding of these two mycotoxins appears to be additive or less than additive and due primarily to the toxic expression of FB1.

Toxicity of Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi Culture Material to Growing Barrows

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER B. HARVEY ◽  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
LEON F. KUBENA ◽  
GEORGE E. ROTTINGHAUS ◽  
JAMES R. TURK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Feed Control

In two studies, the effects of moniliformin (M)-contaminated diets from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material on growing barrows were evaluated. In the first study, six barrows (three replicates of two each, mean body weight = 17.8 kg) per group (four groups; 24 barrows total) were fed diets calculated to contain 0 mg M/kg feed (control); 25 mg M/kg feed; 50 mg M/kg feed; or 100 mg M/kg feed for 28 days. In the second study, the same experimental design and numbers of barrows (mean body weight = 15.3 kg) were used, and diets were formulated to contain 0 mg M/kg feed (control); 50 mg M/kg feed; 100 mg M/kg feed; or 200 mg M/kg feed. Diets of 100 mg or 200 mg M/kg feed reduced body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption. Serum biochemical analytes were affected by 100 to 200 mg M/kg feed. Hematologic values were affected by 50, 100, and 200 mg M/kg feed. In the first study, one barrow in the 100 mg M-treated group died, and in the second study, one barrow died in the 100 mg M-treated group, and five barrows died in the 200 mg M-treated group. Relative heart weight was increased in the 200 mg M-treated barrows, yet tissues from organs collected from treatment groups were generally histologically unimpressive. The most consistent sign of M toxicity in barrows appeared to be death induced within 2 to 5 days by 100 to 200 mg M/kg feed.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) and Azolla on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Aseel chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalingam Thavasi Alagan ◽  
Rajesh Nakulan Vatsala ◽  
Ilavarasan Sagadevan ◽  
Vairamuthu Subbiah ◽  
Venkataramanan Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background An effort was made to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca), a seaweed and Azolla individually and in combination on different physiological parameters of Aseel chicken. A total of 40 Aseel chicks of 8 weeks old were allocated into four groups, C1 (control), T1 (Azolla alone), T2 (seaweed alone) and T3 (seaweed plus Azolla). Aseel chicks in C1 were fed with formulated grower feed alone, birds in T1 had control diet with 5% Azolla, birds in T2 had control diet with 3% U. lactuca and birds in T3 had control diet admixtured with 5% of Azolla and 3% of U. lactuca. Parameters were recorded for a continuous period of 2 months in 15 days interval. Results The growth performance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05) during 30 days of feed trials and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during 45 and 60 days of treatment. Birds in T3 had a higher body weight gain, shank length and feed conversion efficiency followed with T1 and T2 compared to C1. PCV, RBC, WBC and heterophil counts were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by dietary treatments. Uric acid, creatinine, AST, glucose, triglycerides and magnesium levels revealed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation, and cholesterol level showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes during 30th and 60th day of feed trials between the control and treatment groups. Total protein, globulin, phosphorus and electrolytes like Na, K and Cl levels were not significant (P ≥ 0.05) during 30th day and were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during the 60th day of the trial. Conclusions It could be noted that inclusion of U. lactuca and Azolla as feed supplement in grower chicken had a better body weight gain when given in combination (U. lactuca and Azolla) rather than supplemented with the sole entity. Based on the haematological and serum biochemical analysis, the supplementation of U. lactuca and Azolla at the levels included in this trial did not pose any threat to the physiological well-being of Aseel chicken.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Sea Buckthorn Leaf Meal in Coloured Breeder and Their Post Hatch Chicks on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Attributes During Summer Season

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D N Singh ◽  
P K Shukla ◽  
A Bhattacharyya ◽  
Debashis Roy ◽  
Yajuvendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of sea buckthorn leaf meal (SBTLM) in breeder chicken and their post hatch growth performance and serum biochemical attributes during summer season. Ninety coloured Chabro breeder hens and eighteen viable cocks in 1:5 sex ratio were randomly distributed into three treatment groups: Control (Basal), standard breeder diet (BB); basal+0.5% and basal+1.0% SBTLM. Thereafter, ninety chicks from each breeder groups were further subdivided into three groups: Control (Basal), Broiler starter till 4 weeks, broiler finisher till 8 weeks of age, (BP); basal+0.5% supplementation and basal+1.0% supplementation of SBTLM. The weekly body weight gain (g) was significantly higher (plessthan0.05) in 0.5% SBTLM supplemented breeder group during 0-4 week and significantly higher plessthan0.01) in 0.5% SBTLM supplemented post hatch group during 0-8 week of the study period. Similarly, weekly FCR were also significantly better (plessthan0.05) in 0.5% SBTLM supplemented breeder group during 0-4 week and significantly higher (plessthan0.01) in 0.5% SBTLM supplemented post hatch group during 0-8 week of the study period. Serum HDL was significantly higher (plessthan0.05), where as serum cholesterol was significantly lower (plessthan0.05) and serum triglyceride was significantly lower plessthan0.01) in both post hatch SBTLM supplemented groups as compared to control group. No significant difference were observed in other serum biochemical attributes viz. total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, uric acid, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and ALP among the treatment groups. Thus, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of sea buckthorn leaf meal in coloured chicken @ 0.5% resulted in higher phase wise body weight gain, FCR, serum HDL, lower cholesterol and triglyceride without any adverse effect on other biochemical attributes.

scholarly journals Immunobiological Effects of Fumonisin B1 in Experimental Subchronic Mycotoxicoses in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Theumer ◽  
A. G. López ◽  
D. T. Masih ◽  
S. N. Chulze ◽  
H. R. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Interleukin 4

ABSTRACT Fumonisin B1 (FB1), the principal secondary metabolite produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A), is a potent toxin that can be found in fungus-contaminated corn and corn-based food products. We have investigated the immunobiological effects of subchronic dietary exposure to FB1 in male Wistar rats. Animals were fed with diets containing 0 (control) or 100 ppm of FB1 for 12 weeks. The total FB1 intake on day 90 was 810 mg/kg of body weight. Food consumption, body weight, and body weight gain on day 90 were reduced in animals exposed to FB1. Histopathologic changes consisted of histiocytic perivascular infiltrate and an increased number of Kupffer cells in the liver, necrosis and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney, and increased mitotic figures and lymphocytic infiltrate in the small intestine. Serum enzyme alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in rats fed FB1, while triglyceride levels decreased compared to controls. Treatment with FB1 in vivo or in vitro did not have a significant effect on mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen mononuclear cells. However, increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and decreased levels of IL-10 were released by these cells in culture compared to controls. FB1 in vivo or in vitro decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released by peritoneal macrophages, while no changes in levels of superoxide anion produced by total peritoneal cells were detected. The results from the present work demonstrate that subchronic FB1 intake could affect the small intestine and alter the interleukin profile and some main functions of macrophages in antitumor activity.

scholarly journals Anti-Obese Effect of Cinnamon Extracts Dietary Supplementation on Serum Lipids and Body Weight Gain in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Mice Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1236-1236
Author(s):  
Joohee Oh ◽  
Hyun-Sook !Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Final Body Weight

Abstract Objectives Cinnamon is one of the oldest spices widely used in traditional medicine and also currently used by people all around the world. Cinnamon has been known for modulating metabolic disorders by regulating insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obese effects of cinnamon extracts in high-fat-diet induced obese mice model. Methods After a week of adaptation period, the 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 11 for each group) of the normal diet group (ND), the high-fat-diet group (HF), the normal diet with 1% cinnamon extracts (NC), and the high-fat diet with 1% cinnamon extracts (HC). All groups were treated for 14 weeks. Results In final body weight and body weight gain, NC group was significantly lower than ND group and HC group was significantly lower than HF group (P = 0.000). In serum TG (Triglyceride) levels and TC (Total cholesterol) levels, NC group showed significantly decreased level compared to that of ND group and HC group represented significantly decreased level compared to that of HF group (P = 0.000). Conclusions The present data showed NC group and HC group showed lower final body weight and body weight gain than ND group and HF group. Also, NC group and HC group showed the decreased level of TG (Triglyceride) and TC (Total cholesterol) compared to ND group and HF group. The further indicators of insulin-related factors are in progress. Funding Sources This study received no external funding.

scholarly journals Mitigating dietary aflatoxins in Wistar rat using selected phyto-antioxidant sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
E. O. Ewuola ◽  
P. C. Emerue
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Carrot Extract

This study was conducted to investigate the mitigation of dietary aflatoxin in Wistar rats using extract from selected phyto-antioxidant sources. A total of one hundred and twenty Wistar rats weighing between 180-190g (80 females and 40 males) at six weeks old were allotted to eight treatments with 15 rats per treatment (10 females and 5 males), in a completely randomized design. The treatments were Treatment 1 (Normal diet + no extract and no aflatoxin), Treatment 2 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet + no extract), Treatment 3 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet + 100mg/kg BW Carrot extract), Treatment 4 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet + 200mg/kg BW Carrot extract), Treatment 5 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet + 100mg/kg BW Ginger extract), Treatment 6 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet + 200mg/kg BW Ginger extract), Treatment 7 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet +100mg/kg BW Garlic extract), Treatment 8 (Aflatoxin contaminated diet+ 200mg/kg BW Garlic extract). Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Wister rats (T8) administered 200 mg/kg BW was significant (p<0.05), with higher weight gain in male (206.00g) and female (199.70g). However, eviscerated and organs weights of both male and female Wistar rats was similar (p>0.05) across the treatments. Haematological and serum biochemical indices among the treatments was not significant (p>0.05), except for the globulin in male Wistar rats that differed significantly (p<0.05) with the value (5.00g/dL) being higher in T7. In conclusion, 200mg/kg body weight of garlic extract improved growth rate of Wistar rats, without any deleterious effect on haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Therefore, 200mg/kg body weight garlic extract mitigated the adverse effect of aflatoxin contaminated feed in Wistar rats.     Cette étude a été menée pour étudier l'atténuation de l'aflatoxine diététique chez les rats de 'Wistar' tout en employant l'extrait des sources phyto-antioxydantes choisies. Un total de cent vingt rats Wistar pesant entre 180 et 190 g (80 femelles et 40 mâles) à l'âge de six semaines ont été attribués à huit traitements avec 15 rats par traitement (10 femelles et 5 mâles), dans une conception complètement randomisée. Les traitements étaient le traitement 1 (régime normal + aucun extrait et aucune aflatoxine), traitement 2 (régime contaminé par l'aflatoxine + aucun extrait), traitement 3 (régime contaminé par l'aflatoxine + extrait de carotte BW de 100mg/kg), traitement 4 (régime contaminé par l'aflatoxine + extrait de carotte BW de 200mg/kg), traitement 5 (Aflatox alimentation contaminée par l'aflatoxine + extrait de gingembre BW 100mg/kg), Traitement 6 (régime contaminé à l'aflatoxine + extrait de gingembre BW 200mg/kg), Traitement 7 (régime contaminé par l'aflatoxine +100mg/kg extrait d'ail BW), Traitement 8 (régime contaminé à l'aflatoxine+ 200mg/kg extrait d'ail BW). Le gain de poids corporel et le rapport de conversion des aliments pour animaux des rats wisters (T8) administrés 200 mg/kg BW étaient significatifs (p<0.05), avec un gain de poids plus élevé chez les rats Wistar mâles (206.00 g) et femelles (199.70 g). Cependant, les poids éviscérés et organes des rats Wistar mâles et femelles étaient similaires (p>0.05) à travers les traitements. Les indices biochimiques hématologiques et sériques parmi les traitements n'étaient pas significatifs (p>0.05), à l'exception de la globuline chez les rats wistar mâles qui différait considérablement (p<0.05) avec la valeur (5.00 g/dL) étant plus élevée dans T7. En conclusion, le poids corporel de 200mg/kg de l'extrait d'ail a amélioré le taux de croissance des rats de Wistar, sans n'importe quel effet délétère sur les paramètres biochimiques hématologiques et sériques. Par conséquent, l'extrait d'ail de poids corporel de 200mg/kg a atténué l'effet défavorable de l'alimentation contaminée d'aflatoxin chez les rats de Wistar.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Chitosan and Psyllium Husk with L-Ascorbic acid in Guinea Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jun ◽  
Y. Jung ◽  
H. Hong ◽  
Park ◽  
H. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Psyllium Husk ◽  
Fat Excretion

The aim of this study was to investigate whether L-Ascorbic acid would facilitate the anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk in vivo. The study was carried out with male Hartley guinea pigs for 5 weeks. The results show that chitosan itself did not influence body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER). However, the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan decreased these parameters; the body weight gain and FER in the chitosan-2 group (high-fat diet group with 5 % chitosan containing 0.5 % L-Ascorbic acid) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in F-controls (high-fat diet group), and was similar to that in controls (normal diet group). L-Ascorbic acid enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the increases of total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion by chitosan. The addition of L-Ascorbic acid to psyllium husk did not differ from psyllium husk alone in terms of changes in weight gain, plasma lipid levels, and fat pad weight. We found that the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan influenced the reduction in body weight gain and FER, and the increase in total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

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