Toxicity of Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi Culture Material to Growing Barrows

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER B. HARVEY ◽  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
LEON F. KUBENA ◽  
GEORGE E. ROTTINGHAUS ◽  
JAMES R. TURK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Feed Control

In two studies, the effects of moniliformin (M)-contaminated diets from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material on growing barrows were evaluated. In the first study, six barrows (three replicates of two each, mean body weight = 17.8 kg) per group (four groups; 24 barrows total) were fed diets calculated to contain 0 mg M/kg feed (control); 25 mg M/kg feed; 50 mg M/kg feed; or 100 mg M/kg feed for 28 days. In the second study, the same experimental design and numbers of barrows (mean body weight = 15.3 kg) were used, and diets were formulated to contain 0 mg M/kg feed (control); 50 mg M/kg feed; 100 mg M/kg feed; or 200 mg M/kg feed. Diets of 100 mg or 200 mg M/kg feed reduced body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption. Serum biochemical analytes were affected by 100 to 200 mg M/kg feed. Hematologic values were affected by 50, 100, and 200 mg M/kg feed. In the first study, one barrow in the 100 mg M-treated group died, and in the second study, one barrow died in the 100 mg M-treated group, and five barrows died in the 200 mg M-treated group. Relative heart weight was increased in the 200 mg M-treated barrows, yet tissues from organs collected from treatment groups were generally histologically unimpressive. The most consistent sign of M toxicity in barrows appeared to be death induced within 2 to 5 days by 100 to 200 mg M/kg feed.

scholarly journals Influence of the Antibiotics Lincomycin and Tylosin on Aflatoxicosis when Added to Aflatoxin-Contaminated Diets of Growing Swine

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger B. Harvey ◽  
Thomas S. Edrington ◽  
Leon F. Kubena ◽  
Donald E. Corrier ◽  
Marcel H. Elissalde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and the antibiotics lincomycin (L) and tylosin (T) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each, mean body weight 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (for a total of 36): 0 mg L, 0 mg T, and 0 mg AF/kg of feed (control); 220 mg L/kg of feed (200 g/ton); 110 mg T/kg of feed (100 g/ton); 2.5 mg AF/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 220 mg L/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 110 mg T/kg of feed. Barrows were administered their respective diets for 28 days. Body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption were reduced by the AF alone, the AF plus L, and the AF plus T treatments, compared with control, L, and T treatments. Altered serum biochemical or hematologic mea surements induced by AF treatments included increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and γ-gluta myltransferase, increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and mean cell hemoglobin, decreased serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and decreased lymphoblastogenic response. Liver weight was increased, and microscopic lesions were consistent with those observed in cases of aflatoxicosis. With some other minor exceptions for hematologic and immunologic variables, these data indicate that the feed antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin, when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets, do not have beneficial or detrimental effects on aflatoxicosis in growing swine.

Toxicity of Fumonisin from Fusarium verticillioides Culture Material and Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi Culture Material When Fed Singly and in Combination to Growing Barrows

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER B. HARVEY ◽  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
LEON F. KUBENA ◽  
GEORGE E. ROTTINGHAUS ◽  
JAMES R. TURK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) from Fusarium verticillioides culture material and moniliformin from Fusarum fujikuroi culture material on growing barrows were evaluated. Four groups of six barrows (three replicates of two each; mean body weight, 11.1 kg) were fed diets containing 0 mg of FB1 and 0 mg of moniliformin per kg of feed (control), 100 mg of FB1 per kg of feed, 100 mg of moniliformin per kg of feed, and 100 mg of FB1 plus 100 mg of moniliformin per kg of feed. Barrows were fed these diets for 28 days. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, serum biochemical analytes, and hematological values were adversely affected by the FB1 and the FB1-plus-moniliformin diets. The moniliformin diet decreased body weight gain. Two barrows in the moniliformin diet group died, and two barrows in the FB1-plus-moniliformin diet group died. All deaths occurred during the first 6 days of the study. Mild to moderate lesions were observed microscopically in heart and lung tissues of the groups fed moniliformin and FB1 plus moniliformin and in liver tissues of the groups fed FB1 and FB1 plus moniliformin. Except for the acute mortality associated with the two diets containing moniliformin, clinical disease induced by the combined feeding of these two mycotoxins appears to be additive or less than additive and due primarily to the toxic expression of FB1.

scholarly journals Penampilan Ayam Pedaging yang Mengkonsumsi Pakan Mengandung Tepung Kulit Nanas Disuplementasi dengan Yoghurt

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pineapple Peel

Broiler chicken performance feed ration containing pineapple peel meal and supplemented by yoghurtABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted to determine the broiler performance feed ration contained pineapple peel meal supplemented by yoghurt. A hundred broiler chickens 2 days old were used in this study those divided into 4 treatment groups and kept for 4 weeks. The treatments were level of pineapple peel meal (PPM) into the ration; P0 = ration without PPM, P1 = ration contained 5 % of PPM, P2 = ration contained 10 % of PPM and P3 = ration contained 15 % of PPM. To neutralize high crude fiber content in the ration, chickens were supplemented by yoghurt consisted 3,3 x 108 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as much as 3 ml/kg body weight. Yoghurt was offered in the morning before feeding. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The experiment was assigned into Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Parameters were feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significantly effect was tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results of this study showed that there was no significant difference (P0.05) among 0, 5, and 10 % the treatment groups on feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Offered 15 % of pineapple peel to the chickens did not significantly (P0.05) increased feed consumption and conversion ratio but did not significantly (P0.05) decreased body weight gain.  It is concluded that pineapple peel meal might be mixed into the broiler chicken ration up to 10 % without any significant adverse effect  on performance when they were supplemented by yoghurt as much as 3 ml/kg of body weight.

PYY(3–36) reduces food intake and body weight and improves insulin sensitivity in rodent models of diet-induced obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R367-R375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Vrang ◽  
Andreas Nygaard Madsen ◽  
Mads Tang-Christensen ◽  
Gitte Hansen ◽  
Philip Just Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Gut Hormone

The gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) was recently proposed to comprise an endogenous satiety factor. We have studied acute anorectic functions of PYY(3–36) in mice and rats, as well as metabolic effects of chronic PYY(3–36) administration to diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of PYY(3–36) inhibited food intake in mice, but not in rats. We next investigated the effects of increasing doses (100, 300, and 1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1) of PYY(3–36) administered subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps on food intake and body weight in DIO C57BL/6J mice. Whereas only the highest dose (1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1) of PYY(3–36) significantly reduced food intake over the first 3 days, body weight gain was dose dependently reduced, and on day 28 the group treated with 1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1 PYY(3–36) weighed ∼10% less than the vehicle-treated group. Mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal, and inguinal fat pad weight was dose dependently reduced. Subcutaneous administration of PYY(3–36) (250 and 1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1) for 28 days reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in glucose-intolerant DIO rats. Neither 250 nor 1,000 μg/kg PYY(3–36) elicited a conditioned taste aversion in male rats.

Effect of Inclusion of Different Levels of Duckweed (Lemna minor) on the Performance of Broiler Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zaffer ◽  
I.U. Sheikh ◽  
M.T. Banday ◽  
S. Adil ◽  
H.A. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Duckweed is a monocotyledon species of the family Lemnaceae. It is a small floating aquatic plant that grows very well on stagnant ponds and is commonly found throughout tropical countries in natural ponds, lakes and flooded rice fields. Duckweed has high crude protein content and a well-balanced amino acid profile and is also a good source of vitamins and minerals. Duckweed at different levels was utilized in the diet of broiler chicken to study their performance. Methods: One hundred and fifty day old broiler chicks of one week old were distributed randomly into five treatment groups viz T1: (Control), T2: 5% Duckweed without enzyme, T3: 5% Duckweed with enzyme, T4:10% Duckweed without enzyme and T5 :10% Duckweed with enzyme having 30 chicks in each groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. Result: The Duckweed contains 20.33% crude protein, 3.10% ether extract, 18.06% crude fibre, 2.80% calcium, 1.10% phosphorous and 1660.77 ME (Kcal/ Kg). Significantly (P£0.05) higher body weight was recorded in T1 (1889.67±13.28g) and T3 (1878.65±2.02g) groups followed by T2 (1831.67±3.51g), T5 (1798.31±1.76 g) and T4 (1728.63±2.60 g) groups, respectively. The average daily body weight gain was ranged between 37.87 to 41.66 g. The cumulative feed consumption was recorded to be highest in T1 (3050.13±14.01) and lowest in T4 (2943.17±8.54g) group. The Cumulative FCR was significantly (P£0.05) better (1.74±0.01) in T1 and T3 groups in comparison to T2 (1.78±0.01), T4 (1.85± 0.01) and T5 (1.78± 0.04) groups. Total 3.3% mortality was recorded in all treatment groups except T3 group in which there was no mortality during entire experimental period.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and selenium from Lolyvit-ES on the performance of broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salahuddin ◽  
Zahirul Haque Khandaker ◽  
Mohammad Mohiuddin ◽  
Md Mostain Billah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups

An experiment was conducted in the poultry rearing unit of Sahjalal Animal Nutrition Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for a period of 30 days by using 108 one week aged straight run Starbro broiler chicks to find out the effect of vitamin E and selenium as feed supplement for the performance of broiler. Chicks were distributed into 4 dietary treatment groups each having three replications (R1, R2, R3) and each replication contains 9 chicks. Dietary treatment groups were T0 (Control i.e. without supplemental vitamin E and Selenium), T1 (Control + 50 mg vitamin E 0.11 mg selenium per kg diet), T2 (Control + 100 mg vitamin and 0.22 mg Selenium per kg diet and T3 (Control + 150 mg vitamin E and 0.33 mg Selenium per kg diet). At end of the feeding trail the body weight of birds were 1238.28, 1231.85, 1272.59, and 1218.33 gm/bird in treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively which differ significantly (p<0.05) where highest body weight observed in T2 group . Body weight gain was highest in T2 (control+100mg vitamin E and 0.22 mg Selenium per kg diet) and lowest in T0 (control). Total Feed consumption during the experimental period was 2480.30, 2523.80, 2564.56 and 2555.39 g for T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. At 2nd and 3rd week of age, weekly feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 group than the other groups including control. Meat yield parameter of broilers showed significant (P<0.05) differences in dressing weight, breast weight and shank weight. Based on the above findings, the result suggest that supplementation of Vitamin E 100 mg and 0.22 mg Selenium per kg diet from ‘‘Lolyvit-ES’’ as a source of Vitamin E and Selenium may be used in broiler rations.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 521-528

scholarly journals Comparative study of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) suspension and toltrazuril against coccidiosis in Sonali chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy ◽  
M. H. Hasan ◽  
F. B. Aziz ◽  
R. Islam ◽  
S. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Neem Leaves

Background: Coccidiosis is recognized as the parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact on poultry industries worldwide. Sonali chicken are commonly affected by coccidiosis in Bangladesh. Recently, the concerns about possible drug resistance have aroused great caution in the usage of drug in the animal industry. As an alternative herbal extracts are used and Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) have anti-coccidial property. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Neem leaves suspension and toltrazuril on coccidial load, blood constituents, growth performance of Sonali chicken infected with Eimeria tenella. Methods: The study was conducted in the laboratory and experimental shed under the department of physiology and pharmacology, HSTU, Dinajpur during, 2nd January to 3rd February, 2019. Eighty (80) Sonali chicken of seven days old were randomly divided into four groups named T0, T1 T2 and T3 and each group contained 20 birds. All groups were supplied E. tenella orally except T0 group and after 3 days T2 group was treated with Neem leaves suspension (5%) for 15 days and T3 groups was treated with toltrazuril (topzuril ®) solution (1 ml/lit) for 2 days. Results: Results showed that protozoal load decreased significantly (P<0.01) in T2 & T3 groups whereas increased significantly (P<0.01) in T0 and T1 group. The total erythrocyte count and hemoglobin in different treatment groups were similar and the differences were non-significant (P>0.05) statistically except total leukocyte count (TLC). The body weight of T0, T1, T2 and T3 group at day 30 were 432.65, 469.81, 548.81, 489.22 gm respectively which is statistically significant (P<0.01) and highest body weight gain was recorded from Neem leaves suspension treated group. Conclusion: Neem leaves suspension have significant effects on protozoal load, body weight and no significant effect on haematological parameters except TLC.

scholarly journals Dietary polyethylene inclusion affecting rabbit's performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid M. Abdelhamid ◽  
Ahmed A. M. Abdel Hamid ◽  
Mahmoud A. E. Hassan ◽  
Manar A. Almnsy ◽  
Adel E. M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Hepatic Congestion ◽  
Loss Of Weight

A feeding experiment was conducted with rabbits as experimental animals for 2 months at 4 treatment groups under the same environmental conditions. The aim was to study the toxic effects of dietary graded levels of polyethylene (PE, 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/ton diet). The main effects were that some animals fed the PE-contaminated diets suffered from mange, diarrhea, weakness, and/or loss of weight. Post-mortem examination of the contaminated-diets fed rabbit revealed presence of bad smell liquids in its abdomen, residues of collective PE in the small intestine, collective feces in one part of the intestine and the parts were filled with aqueous accumulation, the color of one hepatic lobule was pale, and the lungs' color was bloody red. Yet, feed intake and water consumption increased by feeding the contaminated diets. Moreover, animals offered the contaminated diets reflected heavier body weight. However, the feed conversion (utilization) was negatively affected by the PE- contaminated diet; since, dietary PE-inclusion increased apparently feed consumption than the real body weight gain. Slaughter test of the PE-treated animals reflected many remarks including loss of rabbit's weight; increased skin weight, skin was thick and dough, changes in the color and quality of the carcass flesh, easy broken bone. When these animals were eviscerated, it were observed white-colored lungs, with necrosis and bloody infiltration, small-sized liver, with blackly-red color, enlarged gall bladder, narrow diameter of the small intestine, presence of collective mass of PE on the internal wall of the small intestine. The presence of PE in the experimental diets was responsible for significant lowering the specific gravity of the treated animals' bone, as well as their flesh moisture and fat; yet, their crude protein increased besides their edible parts and boneless meat percentages increased too, but not significantly. Dietary contamination with PE reflected its residues in the rabbits' flesh and increased the flesh content of ash (P>0.05). The contaminated diets were responsible for significantly (P≤0.05) evaluating lymphocytes %, MCV, MCH, and PLT and lowering both monocytes and granulocytes % as well as RBCs count. Significant (P≤0.05) increases in albumin, creatinine and uric acid concentrations and decreases of ALT activity were recorded with feeding rabbits the PE-contaminated diets; but, Cho. and Trig. concentrations were decreased (P≤0.05). There was a significant increase of scores of hepatic congestion and necrosis in liver from rabbits group received 0.4 PE when compared with control group. Statistical analysis shows significant increase of scores of renal congestion, fibrosis and acute tubular necrosis in group received 0.4 PE when compared with control group. Hence PE negatively affected rabbits' performance, health and quality, and may affect the consumers' health too.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

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