scholarly journals Dunaliella salina Microalga Pressurized Liquid Extracts as Potential Antimicrobials

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2471-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL HERRERO ◽  
ELENA IBÁÑEZ ◽  
ALEJANDRO CIFUENTES ◽  
GUILLERMO REGLERO ◽  
SUSANA SANTOYO
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Solvent

In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of different pressurized liquid extracts obtained from Dunaliella salina microalga was tested against several microorganisms of importance for the food industry (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger). Different solvents (hexane, petroleum ether, hexane, and water) and extraction conditions (40, 100, and 160°C) were tested. Results showed that the best antimicrobial activity was obtained for each solvent at the highest extraction temperature (160°C). Likewise, the extraction yield followed the same trend, i.e., increasing with extraction temperature and was at a maximum when ethanol was used as an extraction solvent. Water extracts had the lowest extraction yields. In general, the best results in terms of antimicrobial activity were obtained using petroleum ether and hexane, although ethanolic extracts also showed good antimicrobial activity. Because the main antimicrobial activity of the extracts was against bacteria, the extracts can be considered to be specifically antibacterial. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in order to identify the compounds responsible for activity. Fifteen different volatile compounds as well as several fatty acids (mainly palmitic, α-linolenic, and oleic acids) that could have been responsible for the antimicrobial activity were identified in the extracts. β-Cyclocitral, α- and β-ionone, neophytadiene, and phytol were identified among other volatile compounds; all of these compounds have previously been described as antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Several Cineole-Rich Western Australian Eucalyptus Essential Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Aldoghaim ◽  
Gavin Flematti ◽  
Katherine Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Western Australian

Essential oils from the Western Australian (WA) Eucalyptus mallee species Eucalyptus loxophleba, Eucalyptus polybractea, and Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima and subsp. borealis were hydrodistilled from the leaves and then analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in addition to a commercial Eucalyptus globulus oil and 1,8-cineole. The main component of all oils was 1,8-cineole at 97.32% for E. kochii subsp. borealis, 96.55% for E. kochii subsp. plenissima, 82.95% for E. polybractea, 78.78% for E. loxophleba 2, 77.02% for E. globulus, and 66.93% for E. loxophleba 1. The Eucalyptus oils exhibited variable antimicrobial activity determined by broth microdilution, with E. globulus and E. polybractea oils showing the highest activities. The majority of microorganisms were inhibited or killed at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 8.0% (v/v). Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were the least susceptible organisms, whilst Acinetobacter baumannii was the most sensitive. In conclusion, all oils from WA Eucalyptus species showed microorganism inhibitory activity, although this varied according to both the Eucalyptus species and the microorganism tested. These data demonstrate that WA Eucalyptus oils show activity against a range of medically important pathogens and therefore have potential as antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Optimisation of antioxidant extraction from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ondrejovič ◽  
F. Kraic ◽  
H. Benkovičová ◽  
S. Šilhár
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Experimental Values

The effects of the propan-2-ol proportion in the extraction solvent (PPES), solid to liquid ratio (SLR), and extraction temperature on the extraction yield of antioxidants measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching inhibition activity (BCLM) were evaluated. Secondly, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were determined to find possible relations of these parameters with antioxidant activity. The optimal conditions for the extraction were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants measured by radical scavening activity (DPPH) were PPES 50.2% (v/v), 33.8°C, and SLR 1:147 (w/v). The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants measured by BCLM were PPES 1.15% (v/v), 61.8°C, and SLR 1:153 (w/v). The optimal conditions for the extraction of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were 23.3% (v/v) (PPES), 67.5°C, 1:148 (w/v) (SLR); 1.15% (v/v) (PPES), 80°C, 1:179 (w/v) (SLR); respectively. The experimental values agreed with the predicted ones within a 95% confidence interval.    

scholarly journals Headspace Single-Drop Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Herba Asari

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Jie Wang ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Yu-Ming Fan ◽  
Mei-Ling Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Drop Microextraction ◽  
Sample Amount

A rapid headspace single-drop microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SDME-GC-MS) for the analysis of the volatile compounds in Herba Asari was developed in this study. The extraction solvent, extraction temperature and time, sample amount, and particle size were optimized. A mixed solvent of n-tridecane and butyl acetate (1 : 1) was finally used for the extraction with sample amount of 0.750 g and 100-mesh particle size at 70°C for 15 min. Under the determined conditions, the pound samples of Herba Asari were directly applied for the analysis. The result showed that SDME-GC–MS method was a simple, effective, and inexpensive way to measure the volatile compounds in Herba Asari and could be used for the analysis of volatile compounds in Chinese medicine.

Study on Technic Condition of Extracting Solanesol from Abandon Tobacco

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1623-1628
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Zheng Gui Gu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Solvent Solvent

Solanesol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate. In this paper, organic solvent is used to extract solanesol from the abandoned tobacco. The conditions of extracting the solanesol are optimized, such as extraction solvent, solvent ratio, extraction temperature and time. The extraction times are also identified. L9(34) design is selected to investigate the factors above. Finally, the optimal extraction conditions are proposed. The petroleum ether is used as solvent, the solvent ratio is 15:1(volume of solvent is 15ml, quality of leaves is 1g), the extraction temperature is 50°C and the time is 4h. The purity of solanesol reaches to 57.56% and the total yield reaches to 6.39%.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Sub- and Supercritical CO2 Extracts of the Green Alga Dunaliella salina

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE A. MENDIOLA ◽  
SUSANA SANTOYO ◽  
ALEJANDRO CIFUENTES ◽  
GUILLERMO REGLERO ◽  
ELENA IBÁÑEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of carbon dioxide extracts of the unicellular biflagellated green alga Dunaliella salina against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. The effects of different extraction pressures ranging from 185 to 442 bar and extraction temperatures ranging from 9.8 to 45.2°C on the extracts' composition and consequently on their antimicrobial activities were investigated. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in order to identify the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity detected. Fourteen different volatile compounds and several fatty acids were identified. The highest antimicrobial activity was obtained using 314 bar and 9.8°C. Under these conditions, the presence of an indolic derivative that had never been reported in D. salina was detected in the extract, together with polyunsaturated fatty acids and compounds related to carotene metabolism, such as β-ionone and neophytadiene, with known antimicrobial activity.

Optimization of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for Fermented Perilla Leaves Jiaosu and Volatile Profiling Analysis During Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Ruyi Sha ◽  
Haoan Fan ◽  
Zhenzhen Wang ◽  
Gaojian Wang ◽  
Yanli Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

A method based on solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was developed for volatile profiling fermented perilla leaves jiaosu (PFJ) during fermentation. Five fibers were firstly evaluated by the total peak areas and the number of volatile compounds. Secondly, a Plackett-Burman design was applied to screen for seven independent variables selected in literature. Three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature and equilibrium time) were therefore selected for the following optimization studies. A Box-Behnken design combined with a steepest ascent was then used to optimize the significant factors. Under optimal conditions, the changes of volatile profiles of PFJ at 7, 14, 21, 28, 91 and 140 d were analyzed. A total of fifty-one volatile compounds were identified, and alcohols (68.12–78.94%) were the main volatile components in PFJ, followed by methoxy-phenolic compounds (4.67–5.48%). Perilla alcohol and trans-Shisool were the major constituents during spontaneous fermentation, which accounted for 16.14–30.66% and 19.95–24.52%, respectively. The results showed that PFJ fermented into a health probiotic product with characteristic flavour and functional volatile compounds.

Analysis of Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae Volatiles by Solid-phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun F. Sha ◽  
Shun Shen ◽  
Geng L. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractIn this paper, a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method was applied to analyse the volatile compounds in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae. SPME parameters such as fibers, extraction temperature, extraction time and desorption time were investigated. Thirty-five volatile compounds were separated and identified. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.4%, showing that the method has a good reproducibility. The volatile constituents were also analyzed by steam distillation (SD) and thirty-seven compounds were identified. The similar results obtained by the two methods showed that SPME is a good alternative for the analysis of volatile constituents in Rhioxma Curcumae Aeruginosae samples and it is a relatively simple, rapid and solvent-free method.

scholarly journals Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Probiotic Yogurt during Storage through Solid-phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Tanello ◽  
Cristine Durante de Souza Silveira ◽  
Eduardo Carasek ◽  
Silvani Verruck ◽  
Elane Schwinden Prudencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Probiotic Yogurt

Two different yogurts, control and probiotic with Bifidobacterium BB-12 were produced and analyzed for their contents of total solids, proteins, pH, counts of probiotic bacteria, and volatile composition during refrigerated storage for 28 days. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of volatile compounds from the probiotic yogurt containing through HS-SPME combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Post-acidification and decrease in protein content were noted in both yogurts during storage. The results showed that the extraction temperature and the addition of salt were statistically the most influential factors for the extraction of higher amounts of volatile compounds. The volatile compounds detected in the probiotic yogurt were 2-butanone, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanodione, acetone and hexanoic acid. During the 28 days of storage, the only differences noted were between the amounts of 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanodione and hexanoic acid.

scholarly journals Oil Extraction and Evaluation from Yellow Horn Using a Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Saline Process

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Huang ◽  
Zhenxiong Yin ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Fengxia Wang ◽  
Ji Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Nacl Concentration

This study investigates an aqueous salt process (ASP) combined with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the seed oil extraction from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge). The NaCl concentration in the oil extraction process affected the oil extraction yield. Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the extraction process. The optimal operating parameters were: 24 g/L NaCl, 300 W microwave power, 4:1 water to material ratio, an 80 min extraction time, and 45 °C extraction temperature. The chemical composition of the extracted seed oil was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This extraction technique for yellow horn seed oil provided high throughput and high-quality oil. The present research offers a kind of green extraction method for edible oil in the food industry.

scholarly journals Volatile Flavor Compounds Composition of Steamed Squid (Loligo sp.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Salsabiil Dhiyaa Rinanda ◽  
Rusky I Pratama ◽  
Indah Riyantini ◽  
Iis Rostini
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Flavor Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Volatile Flavor

Squid (Loligo sp.) is one of the marine fishery commodities that abundant in resources and valuable economically in Indonesia. To increase the economic value of food, processing activities are needed, steaming is one of them. Processing activities using high temperatures are suspected to affect the composition of flavor compounds in fishery products. Flavor volatile are components that act as aroma, the initial impression (top notes), and evaporate easily. This research is to study and identify volatile compounds composition found in steamed squid. The squid was taken from Indramayu, West Java, subsequently the sample preparation was conducted at the Laboratory of Fishery Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjajaran. Volatile components were analyzed at Flavor Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi, Subang from February to April 2021. Volatile compounds were analyzed using Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS) with an extraction temperature of 80ºC in 45 minutes (Solid Phase Micro Extraction). The proximate analysis was analyzed at Inter-University Centre Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The volatile compound analysis successfully detected 30 compounds in the steamed squid sample. The proximate analysis showed steamed squid contained 74.99% water content, 1.49% ash, 2.09% fat, and 21.12% protein.

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