Study on Technic Condition of Extracting Solanesol from Abandon Tobacco

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1623-1628
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Zheng Gui Gu

Solanesol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate. In this paper, organic solvent is used to extract solanesol from the abandoned tobacco. The conditions of extracting the solanesol are optimized, such as extraction solvent, solvent ratio, extraction temperature and time. The extraction times are also identified. L9(34) design is selected to investigate the factors above. Finally, the optimal extraction conditions are proposed. The petroleum ether is used as solvent, the solvent ratio is 15:1(volume of solvent is 15ml, quality of leaves is 1g), the extraction temperature is 50°C and the time is 4h. The purity of solanesol reaches to 57.56% and the total yield reaches to 6.39%.

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Feng Shi ◽  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hong Xia Zeng ◽  
Yu Hong Sun

The extraction processing of lycopene from watermelon was investigated in this paper. Based on single factor experiments, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to study the key parameters such as number of extraction, extraction temperature, extraction time in order to increase extraction rate of lycopene. A second order quadratic equation was established and the applicability of model and interaction involved factors on predicting the lycopene extracting content was verified. The results indicated that the optimum extraction conditions were hexane (containing 2% dichloromethane) as extraction solvent, ratio of solvent to raw material of 3:1 (mL/g), number of extraction of 2, extraction time of 1.9 h and extraction temperature of 29.8°C. Under these conditions the extracting content of lycopene was 14.71±0.22 mg/kg, which is well in agreement with value predicted by the model.


2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2471-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL HERRERO ◽  
ELENA IBÁÑEZ ◽  
ALEJANDRO CIFUENTES ◽  
GUILLERMO REGLERO ◽  
SUSANA SANTOYO

In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of different pressurized liquid extracts obtained from Dunaliella salina microalga was tested against several microorganisms of importance for the food industry (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger). Different solvents (hexane, petroleum ether, hexane, and water) and extraction conditions (40, 100, and 160°C) were tested. Results showed that the best antimicrobial activity was obtained for each solvent at the highest extraction temperature (160°C). Likewise, the extraction yield followed the same trend, i.e., increasing with extraction temperature and was at a maximum when ethanol was used as an extraction solvent. Water extracts had the lowest extraction yields. In general, the best results in terms of antimicrobial activity were obtained using petroleum ether and hexane, although ethanolic extracts also showed good antimicrobial activity. Because the main antimicrobial activity of the extracts was against bacteria, the extracts can be considered to be specifically antibacterial. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in order to identify the compounds responsible for activity. Fifteen different volatile compounds as well as several fatty acids (mainly palmitic, α-linolenic, and oleic acids) that could have been responsible for the antimicrobial activity were identified in the extracts. β-Cyclocitral, α- and β-ionone, neophytadiene, and phytol were identified among other volatile compounds; all of these compounds have previously been described as antimicrobial agents.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mersi Suriani Sinaga ◽  
Putri Defriska Siagian ◽  
Rika Ariska

Sambung Nyawa leaves (Gynura Procumbens [Lour].Merr) have been used as a traditional medicine. Sambung Nyawa leaves contain flavonoid compounds, its functional as a natural antioxidant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Sambung Nyawa leaves extract addition as an antioxidant and ability to preserve the quality of coconut oil. Firstly, flavonoids were extracted from Sambung Nyawa leaves with combination of raw material to solvent ratio (w/v) and extraction temperature. The extracts which gave the highest total flavonoids contents were mixed into the coconut oil  for 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days, and 15 days. Total  flavonoids contents of  Sambung Nyawa leaves extracts were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The analyses for coconut oil were the value of acid, iod, and peroxide number. The results showed that the highest total flavonoids contents of  1,32 %  be obtained with raw material to solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and extraction temperature of 55 oC. The lowest acid number of 0.45%, the highest iod number of 7.90 gr I2/100 gr, and the lowest peroxide number of 4.40 mg O2/100 gr be obtained with stored time of 3 days for coconut oil which mixed with the Sambung Nyawa leaves extracts.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Stanisavljevic ◽  
Svetlana Lakicevic ◽  
Dragan Velickovic ◽  
Miodrag Lazic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic

The classical extraction (maceration) of oil from the seeds of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant strain, type Otlja, was carried out using n-hexane and petroleum ether as extracting solvents at different temperatures (25 ?C, 40 ?C and the boiling temperature) and seeds-to-solvent ratios (1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 w/v). The effects of the process factors on the kinetic parameters and the oil yield were assessed using the full factorial experiments 24. The oil yield was increased if the seeds were grounded before the extraction and by increasing the extraction temperature and by decreasing the seeds-to-solvent ratio. n-Hexane was somewhat more efficient than petroleum ether in the tobacco seed oil (TSO) extraction. The oil yield of 23.5 g/100 g of seeds (based on dry weight) was achieved using n-hexane at the seeds-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 w/v and the boiling temperature for the time of 60 minutes. The maceration was found to be less efficient in recovering the TSO than the Soxhlet extraction where the maximum oil yield of 31.1 g/100 of dry seeds was obtained. The kinetics of the oil extraction was described using the model of unsteady diffusion through plant material. The major fatty acid (FA) of oil recovered from the TSO was linoleic acid. The high acid value (37 mg KOH/g) indicated that the content of the free FA in the oil was quite high.


Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gamliel ◽  
A. Grinstein ◽  
Y. Peretz ◽  
L. Klein ◽  
A. Nachmias ◽  
...  

The use of gas-impermeable films to reduce the dosage of methyl bromide (MB) required to control Verticillium wilt in potatoes was examined in field experiments, conducted in soils naturally infested with Verticillium dahliae. The incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt were significantly reduced (by 74 to 94%) by fumigation with MB at 50 g/m2 under standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) or at 25 g/m2 under gas-impermeable films. Fumigation at 25 g/m2 under LDPE was less effective. Disease severity was inversely correlated (r2 = 0.89 to 0.91) with chlorophyll content in the leaves. Fumigation also reduced (by 89 to 100%) stem colonization by the pathogen. Potato yield in the fumigated plots was significantly higher (26 to 69%), than in their nonfumigated counterparts, and was inversely correlated with disease index (r2 = 0.69 to 0.9). The percentage of high-value tubers (above 45 g) was 52 to 56% of total yield in the fumigated plots as compared with 32 to 40% in the nonfumigated controls. Thus, fumigation also improved the commercial quality of tuber yield. Effective control of V. dahliae and yield increases following MB fumigation at the recommended dosage or at a reduced dosage with gas-impermeable films was also observed in a consecutive crop. These results were verified in a large-scale field experiment using commercial applications, further demonstrating the feasibility of reducing MB dosages under farm conditions, without reducing its effectiveness in terms of disease control and yield improvement.


Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligen Chen ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  

Polysaccharides from Ascophyllum nodosum (AnPS) were extracted and purified via an optimized protocol. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 4.3 h, extraction temperature of 84 °C and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of extraction solvent (water) to raw material of 27. The resulting yield was 9.15 ± 0.23% of crude AnPS. Two fractions, named AnP1-1 and AnP2-1 with molecular weights of 165.92 KDa and 370.68 KDa, were separated from the crude AnPS by chromatography in DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300, respectively. AnP1-1 was composed of mannose, ribose, glucuronic acid, glucose and fucose, and AnP2-1 was composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose and fucose. AnPS, AnP1-1 and AnP2-1 exhibited high scavenging activities against ABTS radical and superoxide radical, and showed protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activities of AnP1-1 and AnP2-1 were evaluated by Caco-2 cells, the results showed both AnP1-1 and AnP2-1 could significantly promote the production of immune reactive molecules such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Therefore, the results suggest that AnPS and its two fractions may be explored as a potential functional food supplement.


Author(s):  
М.А. ХАШАГУЛЬГОВА ◽  
У.А. ХАШАГУЛЬГОВ ◽  
О.О. ГЕТОКОВ

Изучено влияние технологических приемов на качество муки. Определяли качество зерна озимой мягкой пшеницы Краснодарская 57 по ГОСТ 93532016. При определенной технологической схеме 78м двухсортном выходе муки было получено 70 муки 1го сорта и 8 муки 2го сорта. Качество муки соответствует ГОСТ Р 521892003. Мука 1го и 2го сортов обладает пресным вкусом, запахом, свойственным пшеничной муке массовая доля влаги 14,7 (1й сорт) и 13,5 (2й сорт). Наличие минеральной примеси, зараженность вредителями не установлены. Содержание металломагнитной примеси 0,041 мг (1й сорт) и 0,048 мг (2й сорт), что соответствует стандарту. Массовая доля золы в пересчете на сухое вещество составила не более 0,69 для муки 1го сорта и 0,70 для муки 2го сорта, белизна у. е. прибора РЗБПЛ 52,4 (1й сорт) и 30,0 (2й сорт). Качество сырой клейковины для муки 1го и 2го сортов составляет 70,0 и 78,0 у. е. прибора ИДК1 (I группа) соответственно. Определены также крупность помола остаток на сите 2,0 1,9 и 2,2, число падения 200 и 182 с, массовая доля сырой клейковины 30,3 и 26,6, содержание протеина 13,2 и 12,5 для муки 1го и 2го сорта соответственно. Цвет белый для муки 1го сорта и белый с желтоватым оттенком для муки 2го сорта. По органолептическим и физикохимическим показателям пшеничные отруби соответствовали ГОСТ 716966. В результате гидротермической обработки зерна с применением холодного кондиционирования и отволаживанием в течение 4 ч выход сырой клейковины вследствие повышения водопоглотительной способности белков увеличился с 25 до 26,6. Одновременно наблюдалось ослабление клейковины, возрастание ее растяжимости. При отволаживании зерна в течение 6 и 8 ч происходило некоторое увеличение выхода сырой клейковины, : 27,9 и 30,3 соответственно. Качество клейковины составило 70 у. е. прибора ИДК1, что соответствует I группе качества. Выход муки при 4часовом отволаживании составил 64, при 6часовом увеличился до 66. Высокий показатель общего выхода муки 78 был установлен при 8часовом отволаживании. Холодное кондиционирование способствовало улучшению мукомольных и хлебопекарных свойств зерна, увеличению выхода сортовой муки при меньших затратах электроэнергии. The influence of technological methods on the quality of flour has been studied. The quality of winter wheat Krasnodarskaya 57 was determined according to GOST 93532016. At a certain technological scheme with a seventyeight percent twograde flour yield was obtained 70 flour 1st grade and 8 flour 2nd grade. The quality of flour corresponds to GOST R 521892003. Flour of the first and second grades has a fresh taste, the smell characteristic of wheat flour, the mass fraction of moisture 14,7 (1st grade) and 13,5 (2nd grade). The presence of mineral impurities, pest contamination has not been established. The content of metallomagnetic impurities was found to be 0,041 mg (1st grade) and 0,048 mg (2nd grade), which corresponds to the standard. Mass fraction of ash in terms of dry matter was no more than 0,69 for first grade flour and 0,70 for flour of the second grade, whiteness conditional units of the device RZBPL 52,4 (1st grade) and 30,0 (2nd grade). The quality of wet gluten for flour of 1st and 2nd grades is 70,0 and 78,0 units of the device IDK1 (I group) respectively. Were also defined the particle size of grinding the residue on the sieve 2,0 1,9 and 2,2, the falling number 200 and 182 seconds, the mass fraction of wet gluten 30,3 and 26,6, protein content 13,2 and 12,5 for flour 1st and 2nd grade, respectively. The color is white for the flour 1st grade and the white with a yellowish tinge for the flour of the 2nd grade. By organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, wheat bran complied with GOST 716966. As a result of hydrothermal grain treatment with the use of cold conditioning and softening for 4 hours, the yield of raw gluten due to an increase in the waterabsorbing ability of proteins increased from 25 to 26,6. At the same time, a weakening of the gluten was observed, an increase in its extensibility. When softening grain for 6 and 8 hours there is some increase in the yield of wet gluten, : of 27,9 and 30,3 respectively. The quality of gluten was 70 units of the device IDK1, which corresponds to the quality group I. The yield of flour with fourhour softening was 64, with sixhour increased to 66. High total yield of flour of 78 was set when the eighthour softening. Cold conditioning contributed to the improvement of the milling and baking properties of grain, increasing the yield of highgrade flour with less power consumption.


Author(s):  
Angky Wahyu Putranto ◽  
Firda Puspaningarum ◽  
Sukardi Sukardi

The further processing of coconut shell pyrolysis into liquid smoke has been developed in recent years. However, the common technology by directly condensing the smoke has many impurity compounds which decreases the yield of liquid smoke produced. Hence, in this study the cyclone separator was applied to increase the quality of physicochemical content in coconut shell-liquid smoke (CS-LS) grade C. The physical parameters analyzed were yield, pH, density and color. The chemical parameters was analyzed by GC-MS. The result showed that CS-LS processing with cyclone separator was able to increase the total yield into 3.33%, with better color, pH and density compared to the CS-LS produced using common method (direct condensation). The application of cyclone separator was also able to increase the phenolic compounds (97%), alcoholic compounds (92%), cycloalkene compounds (91%) and also decreased the benzoic acid, carbonyl and ester up to 100% compared with common method for CS-LS grade C production.


Khazanah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiara Nur Azizah ◽  
◽  
Alya Putri Ramadhanty ◽  
Nadya Feranika ◽  
◽  
...  

Indonesia has entered an energy emergency phase, proven that Indonesia is no longer a surplus oil producer due to the productivity of the wells decrease over the years and the pattern of people's consumption of fossil fuels has been exceeding the production capacity. Therefore, we need the right solution to overcome this problem, which is developing biodiesel as renewable energy based on microalgae oil. The microalgae used in this research is the consortium of microalgae Botryococcus braunii and Dunaliella sp. Microalgae were cultivated and harvested through the dewatering process with 1 g naoh/1 L water concentration. Water contents of cultivated Botryococcus braunii are 60.2505% while Dunaliella sp. Is 64.5002%. The oil from microalgae is obtained by extracted dry microalgae through the soxhlet extraction (leaching) method with mixed solvent n-hexane and ethanol as the co-solvent using a variety of solvent ratio 2:1 and 3:1. Pure microalgae consortium oil separated from the solvent using the distillation process then analyzed with GC-FID. The analysis result is trans-linoleic acid is the most dominant fatty acid contained in this oil. Transesterification process with cao (1.5% of oil weight) as a catalyst. The results obtained from this study are the oil yield 72% extracted with a solvent mixture of n-hexane and ethanol 2:1 and 60.4% for 3:1. The biodiesel synthesis resulted in the amount of yield obtained from the solvent ratio 2:1 extraction is 94.3%, while with solvent ratio 3:1 is 79.2%. The quality of both biodiesels has met the requirements of SNI 7182:2015 and ASTM D7467, except the density of biodiesel with extraction solvent composition 3:1 which is below the standard. Therefore, the best biodiesel quality is obtained from microalgae consortium’s oil with the composition of extraction solvent 2:1.


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