Fish Meal in Animal Feed and Human Exposure to Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic Substances

Persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances (PBTSs) that end up in fish are health hazards and the object of fish-consumption advisories. Some of these substances are present as extraneous contaminants, e.g., man-made lipophilic pollutants such as organohalogen pollutants, and others such as monomethyl mercury can be considered naturally occurring. Omnivores (e.g., poultry and swine) and especially ruminants that are fed contaminated fish meal can pass monomethyl mercury and organohalogen pollutants to eggs, meat, and dairy products. Differences in fish meal PBTS profiles and farm animal (e.g., poultry, swine, cattle, and farmed fish) physiology modulate PBTSs in animal products. Fish-consumption advisories issued to protect human health do not extend to fish by-products fed to farmed animals. Animals (especially farmed fish) that are fed fish meal can bioconcentrate monomethyl mercury in protein matrices, and organohalogen pollutants can be passed on in the fat components of derived foods. Policies to decrease exposure to monomethyl mercury and organohalogen pollutants must consider farming practices that use fish by-products. A risk assessment of toxic contaminants in fish meal may indicate that food safety objectives must consider the human health impact of foods derived from animals fed contaminated meal.

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Studies of fish consumption as source of methylmercury should consider fish-meal-fed farmed fish and other animal foods

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2008.10.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 131-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

José G. Dórea

Keyword(s):

Fish Consumption ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Farmed Fish

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The Potential of Remedial Techniques for Hazard Reduction of Steel Process by Products: Impact on Steel Processing, Waste Management, the Environment and Risk to Human Health

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16122093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2093 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kiri Rodgers ◽

Iain McLellan ◽

Simon Cuthbert ◽

Victoria Masaguer Torres ◽

Andrew Hursthouse

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Waste Management ◽

Human Health ◽

Electrostatic Precipitator ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Health Impact ◽

Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽

Organic Additives ◽

Chemical Cleaning ◽

By Products

The negative impact from industrial pollution of the environment is still a global occurrence, and as a consequence legislation and subsequent regulation is becoming increasingly stringent in response, in particular, to minimising potential impact on human health. These changes have generated growing pressures for the steel industry to innovate to meet new regulations driving a change to the approach to waste management across the industrial landscape, with increasing focus on the principles of a circular economy. With a knowledge of the compositional profiles of process by-products, we have assessed chemical cleaning to improve environmental performance and minimise disruption to manufacturing processes, demonstrating re-use and recycling capacity. We show that with a knowledge of phase composition, we are able to apply stabilisation methods that can either utilise waste streams directly or allow manipulation, making them suitable for re-use and/or inert disposal. We studied blast furnace slags and Portland cement mixes (50%/50% and 30%/70%) with a variety of other plant wastes (electrostatic precipitator dusts (ESP), blast furnace (BF) sludge and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludge) which resulted in up to 90% immobilisation of hazardous constituents. The addition of organic additives i.e., citric acid can liberate or immobilise problematic constituents; in the case of K, both outcomes occurred depending on the waste type; ESP dust BF sludge and BOF fine sludge. Pb and Zn however were liberated with a 50–80% and 50–60% residue reduction respectively, which generates possibilities for alternative uses of materials to reduce environmental and human health impact.

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Use of Agro-Industrial By-Products in Animal Feed at Modern and Semi-Modern Farms of Urban Community of Niamey (UCN): State Places

Research in Agriculture ◽

10.22158/ra.v3n2p62 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Ousseini M. M. Mouctari ◽

Mahamadou Chaibou ◽

Moustapha I. Sitou ◽

Abdoul Razak I. Tondi ◽

Mani Mamman

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Urban Community ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Animal Feeds ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

By Products

<em>The study was conducted in Urban Community of Niamey at modern and semi-modern farms provided an overview use of agro-industrial by-products in animal feed. Among 57 farms only 17 farms, including 10 beef farms, 2 sheep farms and 5 poultry farms were systematically surveyed. All farm managers are men. 60 and 33% are respectively officials at the level of poultry farms and ruminant farms. Farmers make up 25%, all of which own beef farms. There is also a predominance of adults, 60% at poultry level and 58.33% at ruminant farms. We note the use of a variety of agro-industrial by-products in animal feeds, in this case by-products derived from vegetable processing (wheat bran, exfoliated cotton cake) and animal processing (fish and fish meal ...). There are also some concentrates for poultry feed. Agribusiness by-products are increasingly used in urban livestock production but their valorization needs to be improved.</em>

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Selenium and mercury molar ratios in saltwater fish from New Jersey: Individual and species variability complicate use in human health fish consumption advisories

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 12-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Joanna Burger ◽

Michael Gochfeld

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Human Health ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Fish Consumption Advisories ◽

Saltwater Fish ◽

Species Variability

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Comparison of Recreational Fish Consumption Advisories Across the USA

Current Environmental Health Reports ◽

10.1007/s40572-021-00312-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brittany M. Cleary ◽

Megan E. Romano ◽

Celia Y. Chen ◽

Wendy Heiger-Bernays ◽

Kathryn A. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Mississippi River ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Lake Michigan ◽

Acute Tolerance ◽

Health Goals ◽

Fish Consumption Advisories ◽

Regional Collaboration ◽

Slope Factor ◽

The Usa ◽

Lower Mississippi River

Abstract Purpose of Review Our comparative analysis sought to understand the factors which drive differences in fish consumption advisories across the USA — including exposure scenarios (acute and chronic health risk, non-cancer and cancer health endpoints), toxicity values (reference dose, cancer slope factor, acute tolerance level), and meal size and bodyweight assumptions. Recent Findings Fish consumption provides essential nutrients but also results in exposure to contaminants such as PCBs and methylmercury. To protect consumers from the risks of fish contaminants, fish consumption advisories are established, most often by state jurisdictions, to estimate the amount of a certain fish species a person could consume throughout their lifetime without harm. However, inconsistencies in advisories across the USA confuse consumers and undermine the public health goals of fish advisory programs. To date, no rigorous comparison of state and national fish consumption advisories has been reported. Summary Our work identifies discrepancies in key assumptions used to derive risk-based advisories between US states, reflecting differences in the interpretation of toxicity science. We also address the implications for these differences by reviewing advisories issued by contiguous states bordering two waterbodies: Lake Michigan and the Lower Mississippi River. Our findings highlight the importance of regional collaboration when issuing advisories, so that consumers of self-caught fish are equipped with clear knowledge to make decisions to protect their health.

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Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3854

Author(s):

Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi ◽

Samson Mukaratirwa ◽

Gordon O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Fish Feeds ◽

By Products

Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended.

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The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2098

Author(s):

Wen-Yang Chuang ◽

Li-Jen Lin ◽

Hsin-Der Shih ◽

Yih-Min Shy ◽

Shang-Chang Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Health ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Health It ◽

High Fiber ◽

Monogastric Animal ◽

Animal Growth ◽

Positive Effect ◽

By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

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