Fates of Foodborne Pathogens in Raw Hams Manufactured Rapidly Using a New Patented Method

To manufacture raw ham in an efficient manner, we recently developed a new system in which presliced pork loin was used, and the processing time was reduced to 5% of the conventional method. This study aimed to examine whether this raw ham could be as safe as ham produced by the conventional method. Pork loin spiked with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus were processed using either the new or conventional method. The fate of the foodborne pathogens and behavior of hygiene indicator bacteria were examined. Whereas nitrite had disappeared during the conventional packaging process, the reduced processing time in the new system allowed for the ham to be vacuum packed with retention of the nitrite (6.9 ± 1.2 ppm, P < 0.01). This accounts for the prominent decrease in L. monocytogenes (2.3 log reduction in 35 days) and S. aureus (3.3 log reduction in 13 days) counts during storage. E. coli O157 and Salmonella Enteritidis were likely resistant to the nitrite in the ham. However, they were unable to multiply in the ham and decreased gradually as in the conventionally produced ham. The bacteriostatic nature of the raw ham was also indicated by the gradual decrease in coliforms (1.3 log reduction in 13 days) in nonspiked ham. In conclusion, the raw ham produced using presliced pork loin is practically as safe as conventionally produced raw ham. It is worth validating these results in a small-scale production setting.

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Brazilian Artisanal Cheeses: Diversity, Microbiological Safety, and Challenges for the Sector

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.666922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Paulina Arellano Pineda ◽

Gabriela Zampieri Campos ◽

Natan Jesus Pimentel-Filho ◽

Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco ◽

Uelinton Manoel Pinto

Keyword(s):

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Protected Designation Of Origin ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Microbial Risks ◽

Cheese Production

Artisanal cheeses made with raw milk are highly appreciated products in Brazil. Most of these cheeses are produced in small facilities across different production regions in the country, some of which have been granted a protected designation of origin and are award winners. The most prominent state that manufactures these products is Minas Gerais (MG), but production is also gaining strength in other Brazilian states. The major challenge faced by artisanal cheese production is related to microbial risks associated with foodborne pathogens when the quality of the raw milk is unsatisfactory. Regulations created for the dairy industry are constantly been revised and adapted, considering the small-scale production of Brazilian artisanal cheeses, in order to guarantee safety at all steps of cheese production and commercialization. This text presents a summary of the huge diversity of artisanal cheeses produced in the country, grouped by geographical regions, and reviews the current challenges faced by producers and government considering the safety of these cheeses.

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Thermal Resistance of Foodborne Pathogens and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on Inoculated Pistachios

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-19-561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (7) ◽

pp. 1125-1136

Author(s):

MAHTA MOUSSAVI ◽

JOHN C. FRELKA ◽

IAN M. HILDEBRANDT ◽

BRADLEY P. MARKS ◽

LINDA J. HARRIS

Keyword(s):

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Thermal Tolerance ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Weibull Model ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Hot Water ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Process control validations require knowledge of the resistance of the pathogen(s) of concern to the target treatment and, in some cases, the relative resistance of surrogate organisms. Selected strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (five strains), Listeria monocytogenes (five strains), and Salmonella enterica (five strains) as well as Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 30 and nonpathogenic Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 were inoculated separately (as individual strains) onto inshell pistachios. The thermal tolerance of each strain was compared via treatment of inoculated pistachios to hot oil (121°C) or hot water (80°C) for 1 min. Survivor curves in hot oil or hot water (0.5 to 6 min, n = 6 to 15) were determined for one or two of the most resistant strains of each pathogen, as well as E. faecium NRRL B-2354 and Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30, and the Weibull model was fit to the data. A pilot-scale air-impingement oven was used to compare the thermal tolerance of E. faecium NRRL B-2354 and Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 on pistachios with or without a brining pretreatment and at either dry (no steam) or 30% humidity (v/v) oven conditions. No significant difference in the time to a 4-log reduction in hot oil or hot water was predicted for any of the strains evaluated, on the basis of the 95% confidence interval. In the pilot-scale oven, E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was more thermally resistant than Salmonella in a broad set of differing treatments, treatment times, and temperatures. Salmonella is a suitable target pathogen of concern in pistachios for thermal processes because no other pathogen tested was more thermally resistant under the conditions evaluated. E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was at least as thermally resistant as Salmonella under all conditions evaluated, making it a good potential surrogate for Salmonella on pistachios. HIGHLIGHTS

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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

Tạp chí Nghiên cứu dân tộc ◽

10.25073/0866-773x/428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bùi Thị Bích Lan

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Transition Process ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Technical Application ◽

Production Models ◽

Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

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Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i3.13659 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hariyadi DM ◽

Athiyah U ◽

Hendradi E ◽

Rosita N ◽

Erawati T ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

T Test ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Foot Care ◽

Diabetic Mellitus ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

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Inactivation of Bacteria Using Bioactive Nanoparticles and Alternating Magnetic Fields

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11020342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 342

Author(s):

Vitalij Novickij ◽

Ramunė Stanevičienė ◽

Rūta Gruškienė ◽

Kazimieras Badokas ◽

Juliana Lukša ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Invasive Infections ◽

Alternating Magnetic Fields ◽

Inactivation Of Bacteria

Foodborne pathogens are frequently associated with risks and outbreaks of many diseases; therefore, food safety and processing remain a priority to control and minimize these risks. In this work, nisin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles were used and activated by alternating 10 and 125 mT (peak to peak) magnetic fields (AMFs) for biocontrol of bacteria Listeria innocua, a suitable model to study the inactivation of common foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes. It was shown that L. innocua features high resistance to nisin-based bioactive nanoparticles, however, application of AMFs (15 and 30 min exposure) significantly potentiates the treatment resulting in considerable log reduction of viable cells. The morphological changes and the resulting cellular damage, which was induced by the synergistic treatment, was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The thermal effects were also estimated in the study. The results are useful for the development of new methods for treatment of the drug-resistant foodborne pathogens to minimize the risks of invasive infections. The proposed methodology is a contactless alternative to the currently established pulsed-electric field-based treatment in food processing.

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Technical basis for the small-scale production of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758), meal as fish feed in Benin

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research ◽

10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 100153

Author(s):

Armel Gougbedji ◽

Pamphile Agbohessou ◽

Philippe A. Lalèyè ◽

Frédéric Francis ◽

Rudy Caparros Megido

Keyword(s):

Small Scale ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Scale Production ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Technical Basis

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Influence of Bacterial Competitors on Salmonella enterica and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Growth in Microbiological Media and Attachment to Vegetable Seeds

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Da Liu ◽

Ronald Walcott ◽

Kevin Mis Solval ◽

Jinru Chen

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pathogen Populations

Interests in using biological agents for control of human pathogens on vegetable seeds are rising. This study evaluated whether probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, bacterial strains previously used as biocontrol agents in plant science, as well as a selected plant pathogen could compete with foodborne human pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), for growth in microbiological media and attachment to vegetable seeds; and to determine whether the metabolites in cell-free supernatants of competitive bacterial spent cultures could inhibit the growth of the two pathogens. The results suggest that the co-presence of competitive bacteria, especially L. rhamnosus GG, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of Salmonella and EHEC. Cell-free supernatants of L. rhamnosus GG cultures significantly reduced the pathogen populations in microbiological media. Although not as effective as L. rhamnosus GG in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella and EHEC, the biocontrol agents were more effective in competing for attachment to vegetable seeds. The study observed the inhibition of human bacterial pathogens by competitive bacteria or their metabolites and the competitive attachment to sprout seeds among all bacteria involved. The results will help strategize interventions to produce vegetable seeds and seed sprouts free of foodborne pathogens.

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Palm worm: (Rhynchophorus palmarum) traditional food in Amazonas, Venezuela—nutritional composition, small scale production and tourist palatability

Ecology of Food and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/03670244.2001.9991635 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 13-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

H. Cerda ◽

R. Martinez ◽

N. Briceno ◽

L. Pizzoferrato ◽

P. Manzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Composition ◽

Small Scale ◽

Traditional Food ◽

Scale Production ◽

Rhynchophorus Palmarum

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Screening of Commercial and Pecan Shell–Extracted Liquid Smoke Agents as Natural Antimicrobials against Foodborne Pathogens

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-543 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1148-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

ELLEN J. VAN LOO ◽

D. BABU ◽

PHILIP G. CRANDALL ◽

STEVEN C. RICKE

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Natural Antimicrobials ◽

E Coli ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Water Based ◽

Smoke Sample

Liquid smoke extracts have traditionally been used as flavoring agents, are known to possess antioxidant properties, and serve as natural alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. The antimicrobial efficacies of commercial liquid smoke samples may vary depending on their source and composition and the methods used to extract and concentrate the smoke. We investigated the MICs of eight commercial liquid smoke samples against Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The commercial liquid smoke samples purchased were supplied by the manufacturer as water-based or concentrated extracts of smoke from different wood sources. The MICs of the commercial smokes to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.5 to 6.0% for E. coli, 0.5 to 8.0% for Salmonella, and 0.38 to 6% for S. aureus. The MIC for each liquid smoke sample was similar in its effect on both E. coli and Salmonella. Solvent-extracted antimicrobials prepared using pecan shells displayed significant differences between their inhibitory concentrations depending on the type of solvent used for extraction. The results indicated that the liquid smoke samples tested in this study could serve as effective natural antimicrobials and that their inhibitory effects depended more on the solvents used for extraction than the wood source.

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