Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii in Pork Meat in Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. GALVÁN-RAMIREZ ◽  
A. L. MADRIZ ELISONDO ◽  
C. P. RICO TORRES ◽  
H. LUNA-PASTÉN ◽  
L. R. RODRÍGUEZ PÉREZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Antibody Kinetics

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular obligate parasite. Its transmission has usually been attributed to ingestion of undercooked or raw meat. The frequency of T. gondii in pork, the most common meat for human consumption in Jalisco, Mexico, is unknown; in Guadalajara city high prevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been documented. Forty-eight samples of pork meat from butcher shops in Ocotlán city were analyzed. Through bioassay, 50 g of tissue was homogenized in an acidic pepsin solution and inoculated subcutaneously to previously immunosuppressed mice. Blood samples from the mice tail vein were obtained before inoculation and 7, 14, 28, and 45 days postinoculation to analyze anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibody kinetics by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For histopathology, small fragments of the brain, lungs, heart, and skeletal muscle were extracted on day 45 and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Also, DNA was extracted from the pork meat for PCR amplification of the B1 gene. Even though all pork samples were negative by histopathology and PCR, IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 1 of the 48 inoculated mice, reflecting a frequency of 2.1% positive pork meat, which is lower than expected but similar to that found in other regions.

scholarly journals No evidence for airborne transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in a very high prevalence area in Lancaster County

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Abhishek Wadhawan ◽  
Dolores E. Hill ◽  
Aline Dagdag ◽  
Hira Mohyuddin ◽  
Patrick Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Very High

AbstractBackground: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been associated with acute food-borne illness, chronic low-grade inflammation, neuropsychiatric conditions and reactivation of chronic latent infection in immunocompetent hosts. Primary infection with T. gondii in pregnant women can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis. In addition to well-known oral tissue-cyst or oocyst ingestion, we hypothesized that the very high prevalence of T. gondii in certain populations exposed to agricultural dust could be, in part, a consequence of airborne infection with oocysts. Methods: We collected environmental dust samples from an area with a reportedly high T. gondii seroprevalence in the Old Order Amish population, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Samples included: a) air filters from air-conditioning units; b) swabs of settled dust; and c) vacuum filters containing airborne field dust. Pools of the swabs and shredded sub-samples of the air filters were fed to pigs, with inoculation into mice of heart tissue from seroconverted pigs. We also investigated the presence of T. gondii DNA using PCR amplification. Results: Only one pig seroconverted. However, bioassay of pig heart tissue further inoculated into mice showed no evidence of T. gondii infection. Consistently, no evidence of T. gondii DNA was revealed in any sample. Conclusions: No evidence of airborne transmission was found in the environmental samples that were examined.

High prevalence and abundant atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from lambs destined for human consumption in the USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 999-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Dubey ◽  
N. Sundar ◽  
D. Hill ◽  
G.V. Velmurugan ◽  
L.A. Bandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals High prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the Xikrin of Bacajá (Kayapó) indigenous population in the brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliene Putira Sacuema Rodrigues ◽  
Isabella Nogueira Abreu ◽  
Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima ◽  
Dennyson Leandro Mathias da Fonseca ◽  
Sávio Felipe Gomes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reached the Brazilian Amazon and spread among indigenous populations. In the present study, we demonstrate a high prevalence of infection among the Xikrin of Bacajá people (Kayapó). A sample of 100 individuals of both sexes (51 men and 49 women) with ages ranging from 2 to 82 years were clinically evaluated and tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Among all investigated individuals, 58 were IgG-reactive (58 %) by a rapid test, and 73 (73 %) were reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with no difference between sexes. Oxygen saturation ranged from 82 to 99 %, with the lowest value observed in a two-year-old girl. The results show that as expected, SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly reached more than 70 % of the population, most likely because of the difficulties of maintaining social distance due to cultural characteristics. These results highlight the importance of indigenous health policies as a means of minimizing the impact of the pandemic on these communities.

scholarly journals Molecular surveillance of Dengue Virus (DENV) and its co-infection with Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) among febrile patients: A comparative study from South Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Rohit Sagar ◽  
Siva Raghavendhar ◽  
Kaustuv Nayak ◽  
Vineet Jain ◽  
Anmol Chandele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Dominant Serotype

Dengue and Chikungunya are two major arboviral infections transmitted worldwide by the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. India suffers enormously with both Dengue and Chikungunya as they pose a great public health challenge. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Dengue Virus (DENV), Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) and DENV/CHIKV co-infection (by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)/Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), their clinical features, DENV serotypes and CHIKV specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) within a 7 years gap in the Delhi population. The study sample included clinically suspected febrile patients (?7 days) sera collected during 2017-2018 (n=87) and during 2008-2010 (n=623) from Delhi. Captured ELISA was performed for CHIKV IgG screening and nested PCR was done for DENV serotyping. The percentage prevalence for DENV was significantly higher than CHIKV with 41.38% (n=87) and 16.1% (n=87), respectively; interestingly, DENV/CHIKV co-infection was detected in 10.34% (n=9/87) cases during 2017-2018. Similarly, a high DENV prevalence was observed during 2008-2010 with the prevalence rate of 38.3% (69/180),  34.65% (35/101) and 47.07% (161/342), respectively. DENV 1 and DENV 3 were dominant serotype during 2008-2010 and 2017-2018 respectively. We have noticed a high prevalence (36.67%, 22/60) of the CHIKV IgG antibody in the 2017-2018 samples. Joint pain was more preferential to CHIKV mono-infection and DENV/CHIKV co-infection compared to DENV mono-infection. The present study highlights the need for active surveillance simultaneously for both DENV and CHIKV and to evaluate the role of CHIKV/DENV co-infections in disease severity in the endemic regions.  

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody toHelicobacter pyloriand Raised Serum Gastrin and Pepsinogen Levels in Enlarged Fold Gastritis

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yasunaga ◽  
Juan José Bonilla-Palacios ◽  
Yasuhisa Shinomura ◽  
Shuji Kanayama ◽  
Yoshiji Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain ◽  
Ig G

To clarify the prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in enlarged fold gastritis, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody toH pyloriwas determined in 19 patients with severely enlarged gastric body folds (the widest fold greater than 10 mm on the radiograph), 55 patients with moderately enlarged folds (6 to 10 mm) and 44 control subjects (5 mm or less). The prevalence of serum IgG antibody toH pyloriin the severe (100%) and moderate groups (100%) was significantly higher than that in controls (34.1%) (PÃ0.01). There were significant differences among the three groups in serum gastrin, pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels (severe had the highest levels, followed by moderate and then controls, PÃ0.001).H pyloricolonization in the gastric mucosa was confirmed by culture, urease test or both, and inflammation by hematoxylin and eosin stain in the 25H pyloriseropositive patients who underwent endoscopy and biopsy. Results suggest thatH pyloriinfection is highly prevalent in enlarged fold gastritis. Further studies on enlarged fold gastritis andH pyloriinfection are needed.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat livers: Risks for human consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BAHRAMI ◽  
M. ZAREI ◽  
M. GHORBANPOUR ◽  
S. KARAMI
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical transmission during pregnancy, humans can become infected post-natally either by oral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or through ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via liver consumption by estimating the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered sheep and goats in Iran. In the present study, livers from 150 sheep and 150 goats were collected at slaughter. In- house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed in T. gondii liver juice. Parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out on all samples obtained from liver tissues. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected by in-house ELISA in 32.6% sheep and 48% goat livers and 8% and 11.3% of sheep and goat livers were positive for the presence of T. gondii DNA, respectively. The results of this study provide baseline information on the presence of T. gondii in sheep and goats livers and imply an important human health and hygienic risk associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked liver from these animal species.

scholarly journals Comparision between Toxoplasma gondii DNA and specific immunoglobulins during pregnancy

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 888-897
Author(s):  
M. K. El Awady ◽  
L. A. El Hosseiny ◽  
S. M. Ismail ◽  
M. T. Abdel Aziz ◽  
M. A. El Demellawy
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Before And After

Early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women can be of great help in early intervention and prevention of congenital disorders that usually lead to fetal death. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate nested PCR amplification of the B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii before and after treatment and in comparison to serological follow-up during treatment. The efficiency of treatment on the bases of PCR detection of T. gondii DNA was statistically significant, while it was insignificant when anti-toxoplasma specific IgM and IgG antibodies were used. PCR detection of T. gondii DNA when performed on whole blood is a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic procedure and is a valuable tool for establishing the diagnosis of T. gondii infection in women before or during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-range chickens in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
I.N. Nzelu ◽  
B.D. Shingyu ◽  
J.K.P. Kwaga
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Free Range

Free-range chickens play a vital role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis because they feed on the ground, exposing them to infective oocysts shed by cats that contaminate the environment. The role of chickens in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Nigeria is understudied. Therefore, in the present study, we surveyed 222 free-range chickens slaughtered for human consumption in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria, for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Of the total birds sampled, 27.9% (62/222) were seropositive. Results showed no statistically significant association between seroprevalence and sex (p > 0.05). The study has demonstrated the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in free-range chickens in Kaduna, Nigeria, indicative of exposure of the sampled chickens to T. gondii oocysts. Proper cooking of poultry meat obtained from the study location is advocated to avoid exposure to T. gondii.

Analysis of the antibodies anti-Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA based on two diagnostic antigens: rSAG1 and rBAG1

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Ju-Ying Li ◽  
Han Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

AbstractSchizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disease of uncertain etiology. Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii infection are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to analyze anti-T. gondii antibodies in 477 Chinese schizophrenia patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant surface antigen 1 (rSAG1), recombinant bradyzoite antigen 1 (rBAG1) and the soluble tachyzoite antigens (STAg) of T. gondii RH strain. Results showed that among the sero-positives (IgG and/or IgM) for T. gondii infection examined in schizophrenia patients, sero-positive samples for rSAG1, rBAG1 and STAg were 20.5% (98/477), 20.5% (98/477) and 23.5% (112/477) respectively, while compared to 210 blood donors, sero-positive (IgG and/or IgM) samples for these antigens (rSAG1, rBAG1 and STAg) were only 5.7% (12/210), 6.2% (13/210) and 5.7% (12/210), respectively. Furthermore, when IgG antibody reaction in the schizophrenia sera was compared with the rBAG1 and rSAG1, results demonstrated that beside the cases which can be detected by both rSAG1 and rBAG1, some sero-positive for T. gondii in schizophrenia sera can only be detected either by rSAG1 or rBAG1. This phenomenon was also observed in the detection of IgM with rSAG1 and rBAG1. 5.9% (28/477) of cases of schizophrenia which are positive for IgG or IgM by rSAG1 are negative for STAg, while 9.2% (44/477) of the schizophrenia cases which are positive for IgG or IgM by rBAG1 are negative for STAg. Although STAg can also be used to diagnose T. gondii infection from schizophrenia patients, it may not actually indicate the infection as some positive samples may be mistakenly considered to be negative. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the sero-positive rate for T. gondii in the Chinese schizophrenia patients was higher than blood donors. More importantly, our results provide evidence that the combination of rSAG1 and rBAG1 antigens in the diagnosis of T. gondii infection could closely reflect the actual infection of this parasite in schizophrenia patients.

Seroprevalence And Risk Factors of Specific Toxoplasma Gondii Antibody among Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Ahmed J. Ahmed ◽  
Bayar K. Zeebaree ◽  
Ramadhan A. Khanamir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody

Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy has an adverse effect on pregnant women, fetus and neonatal. The infection is generally asymptomatic but can cause severe effect on the fetus and immunocompromised women. Control study conducted on 77 pregnant women categorized according to the risk factors influencing toxoplasmosis infection. Specific anti Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were evaluated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Among 77 pregnant women, (57.1%) women had toxoplasmosis, seropositive for latent infection with specific Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were (54.54 %), whereas acute infection immunoglobulin M (IgM) were only in (2.59 %) cases. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was higher in older pregnant women (> 60%) than younger ones (<50%). The specific IgG antibody was higher in pregnant women working in farms (65.7 vs 45.23; P=0.053). Also, the seropositive IgG antibody was low in the first trimester and high in rural areas. Pregnant women need to educate more about toxoplasmosis and prevention to exposure in order to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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