Evaluation of ceftazidime as an antibiotic supplement of mannitol-yolk-polymyxin B agar used for the enumeration of Bacillus cereus in ready-to-eat vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Whan Chon ◽  
Kun-ho Seo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Food Testing ◽  
Radish Sprouts

Bacillus cereus, which causes foodborne disease, is detected using selective media. However, competing flora is the most common factor preventing the correct enumeration of B. cereus on selective agars. In this study, we aimed to improve the selectivity of mannitol-yolk-polymyxin B agar (MYPA) and its modified version containing trimethoprim (mMYPA) developed in our previous study by supplementation with ceftazidime (16 μg/mL). Ceftazidime-supplemented MYPA (C-MYPA16) and mMYPA (C-mMYPA16) were evaluated for bacteria recoverability and selectivity using three types of ready-to-eat vegetables. Four B. cereus and one B. thuringiensis strains were mixed and artificially inoculated into vegetable salad, radish sprouts, and sprout mix, and then recovered using MYPA, mMYPA, C-MYPA16, and C-mMYPA16. In all tested vegetables, mMYPA, C-MYPA16, and C-mMYPA16 exhibited similar recoverability of B. cereus / thuringiensis ( p > 0.05), whereas MYPA showed undistinguishable colonies in case of radish sprouts and sprout mix. At the same time, C-mMYPA16 provided the best selectivity compared with the other agars because it eliminated most of competing flora in the tested vegetables, especially in sprouts, without negatively affecting the recovery of B. cereus / thuringiensis . Our results indicate that the supplementation of mMYPA with ceftazidime may improve medium selectivity for B. cereus / thuringiensis in food testing.

Improvement of Mannitol–Yolk–Polymyxin B Agar by Supplementing with Trimethoprim for Quantitative Detection of Bacillus cereus in Foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1342-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNG-WHAN CHON ◽  
JI-YEON HYEON ◽  
JUN-HO PARK ◽  
KWANG-YOUNG SONG ◽  
JONG-HYUN KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
High Background ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Red Pepper Powder

Mannitol–yolk–polymyxin B agar (MYPA) was modified by supplementation with trimethoprim. The ability of the supplemented medium to select for and recover Bacillus cereus from pure cultures and food samples with high background microflora was compared with MYPA. For evaluation of the modified MYPA (mMYPA) in food samples with high background microflora, B. cereus was experimentally spiked into red pepper powder, fermented soybean paste, vegetable salad, and radish sprouts, and then it was recovered on MYPA and mMYPA for comparison. In all food samples, there was no difference in recoverability (P >0.05) between mMYPA (red pepper powder, 3.34 ± 0.24 log CFU/g; fermented soybean paste, 3.52 ± 0.47 log CFU/g; vegetable salad, 3.51 ± 0.23 log CFU/g; radish sprouts, 3.32 ± 0.40 log CFU/g) and MYPA (red pepper powder, 3.18 ± 0.20 log CFU/g; fermented soybean paste, 3.33 ± 0.43 log CFU/g; vegetable salad, 3.36 ± 0.19 log CFU/g; radish sprouts, 3.33 ± 0.31 log CFU/g). However, mMYPA exhibited better selectivity than MYPA, because additional trimethoprim made the differentiation of suspected colonies easier by inhibiting competing flora. The addition of trimethoprim to conventional media could be a useful option to improve selectivity in foods with high background microflora.

Comparison of selective media for the isolation of Rhodococcus equi and description of a new selective plating medium

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Makrai ◽  
L. Fodor ◽  
I. Vendég ◽  
G. Szigeti ◽  
B. Dénes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Potassium Tellurite ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Selective Plating ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In order to improve the isolation rate of Rhodococcus equi from animals and soil, the efficacy of four previously described selective media (CAZ-NB, M3T, NANAT and TINSDALE) and that of four other media (NC, PNP, TCP and TVP) composed by us was compared and evaluated. Two selective plating media proved to be the best for the isolation of R. equi from contaminated samples. One of them was CAZ-NB containing ceftazidime, novobiocin and cycloheximide, while the other was the newly composed TCP containing trimethoprim, cefoperazone, polymyxin B, cycloheximide and potassium tellurite as selective components. These two media allowed the growth of at least 62-72% of R. equi present in the artificially contaminated samples, and the inhibition of unwanted contaminant bacteria and fungi was satisfactory with both media. TCP medium proved to be superior to CAZ-NB since the colony morphology of R. equi was much more characteristic (shiny, smooth, black colonies 3-5 mm in diameter) on it, and it inhibited the unwanted contaminant bacterial and fungal flora more effectively, especially in the case of faecal and soil samples. Therefore, TCP is recommended as a new, highly selective plating medium for the isolation of R. equi from contaminated samples.

Studies on the Toxicity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Chorella Vulgaris by 3D-QSAR Using CoMFA and CoMSIA Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3574-3579
Author(s):  
Cui Hua Wang ◽  
Sheng Long Yang ◽  
Chao Lu ◽  
Hong Xia Yu ◽  
Lian Shen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
3D Qsar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Substituent Group ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into

By using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods, the new quantitative structures of 25 aromatic hydrocarbons and the 96 hr-EC50 data with C. vulgaris have been investigated to obtain more detailed insight into the relationships between molecular structure and bioactivity. Compared to CoMFA (the average Q2LOO option =0.610), CoMSIA (the average Q2LOO =0.736) has the better results with robustness and stability. CoMSIA analysis using steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and H-bond donor and acceptor descriptors show H-bond donor is the common factor for influencing the toxicity, the steric and electrostatic descriptors are next and the hydrophobic descriptor was last. From the contour maps, the number of benzene ring is more crucial for the compound toxicity and the compounds with more benzene ring make toxicity increased. Under the same number of benzene ring, the kind of substituent group and the formed ability of H-bond are the other parameters to influencing the aromatic hydrocarbons toxicity.

scholarly journals A review of Nadi Parikshan in various Ayurvedic Samhita with its clinical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Babaso Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Time Region

Nadi Pariksha is the most effective diagnostic tool known in the medical field. It is cost effective,  accurate,  safe,  and gives quick results. We can conduct Nadi Pariksha on healthy individuals as well as all patients irrespective of stage of the disease also,  and even pregnant woman,  children,  elderly can undergo without any harm or side effects. However,  this technique is not being widely practised at present,  because of lack of training,  practise and knowledge about it in the present day among Ayurveda vaidyas. An iconic factor for identification of a physician,  irrespective of the time,  Region,  Nadi Pariksha can be highlighted as a common factor or even System of Medicine or Civilization of the known world. Thus,  we can perceive that Nadi Pariksha or the pulse examination remains as an effective diagnostic tool since ages. Nadi Pariksha was not been discussed among the Brihatrayees of Ayurveda. Acharya Sharangdhara was the first to document in the doctrines of Ayurveda. Thus Acharya Sharangdhara is considered as ‘The Founder of Nadi Pariksha’in Ayurveda. Nadi Pariksha was titled under the Pancha-Nidana by Acharya Sharangdhara and Ashta Sthana Pariksha by Acharya Yogaratnakara. It was the Foremost among all the other diagnostic tools mentioned by him. Later Acharyas like Acharya Bhava Mishra,  Acharya Yogaratnakara,  Acharya Basavaraja,  Acharya Kanada Maharishi,  and Acharya Ravana have contributed in giving more descriptions and importance. In the recent days Dr. Vasant lad and Dr. Sarvadeva Upadhaya’s research work interest and scope of Nadi Pariksha.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Brucella Spp. Isolation Rates in Ruminant Abortion Cases by Using Different Selective Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sencer Karagul ◽  
Serkan Ikiz
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inhibition Ability ◽  
High Inhibition

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the success of Brucella spp. isolation in ruminant abortion cases by using different selective media. To this end, 58 samples from ruminant abortion cases were utilized. 4 selective media; namely, Farrell Medium (FM), CITA Medium (CM), Modified Thayer Martin (MTM) and Jones & Morgan (JM) were preferred for isolation. In addition to these, one medium with antibiotics was used to extend the range of the results. Suspensions prepared from organ and fetal stomach contents were inoculated to media plates and incubated at 37C° for 5-8 days in 5-10% CO2 condition. Conventional biotyping method was used to identify Brucella isolates within the level of species and biovar. MTM (67.2%) and Farrell (65.5%) outperformed the other media with regards to isolation rate. However, regarding the inhibition ability against contaminant microrganisms, Farrell (86.2%) and CITA (72%) have the highest and second highest percentages respectively. The media’s inhibition ability was examined in the samples in which Brucella spp. isolation occurred to be able to investigate the correlations between isolation and inhibition. Lower isolation percentage was observed in the samples in which the media displayed the lowest inhibition ability against contaminants. In this context, using two different selective media with high inhibition ability against contaminants may be recommended to enhance the isolation rate. Moreover, the components stimulating the growth of Brucella strains might be added to the media to obtain better results.

Foodborne and Waterborne Disease in Canada-1984 Annual Summary

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Extraneous Material

Data on foodborne disease in Canada in 1984 are compared with those for 1983. A total of 1,181 incidents, comprising 1,016 outbreaks and 165 single cases, caused illnesses in 9,953 persons in 1984. These figures are the highest on record with almost double the number of cases occurring in 1983. Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus were responsible for most of the illnesses. The main Salmonella serovars involved were S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and S. heidelberg. There were no incidents of parasitic infections or paralytic shellfish poisonings similar to 1983. Fifty-five incidents (82 cases) of chemical origin were recorded; extraneous matter and rancid compounds were the most frequently implicated. There were two deaths, one from botulism and the other from salmonellosis. Most of the illnesses were associated with meat and poultry (30.6% of incidents and 29.9% of cases). Dairy foods, particularly cheese, bakery products, and marine foods were also major vehicles of foodborne disease. Mishandling of food took place mainly in foodservice establishments (38.8% of incidents), homes (20.6% of incidents), and food processings establishments (5.9% of incidents). Chemicals, such as extraneous material and rancid compounds, were the agents associated with 40.0% of incidents caused by processors' mishandling. On a population basis, incidents were greatest in Ontario, followed by those in Quebec, British Columbia, and Manitoba. Details of several foodborne disease incidents are presented. In addition, seven incidents of waterborne disease were documented in 1984, five more than in 1983. Campylobacter, Salmonella and Yersinia were identified as pathogens associated with drinking water.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Selective Media for the Detection of Bacillus cereus

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
HAJIME TERAMURA ◽  
MEGUMI OTSUBO ◽  
HITOMI SAITO ◽  
AOI ISHII ◽  
MISA SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Selective Media

COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FROM FOOD.1, 2, 3

1964 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. L. Southworth ◽  
Dorothy Hussemann Strong
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Quantitative Recovery

Summary The purpose of the study was to determine how SPS agar of Angelotti et al. (2) compared with certain other solid media proposed for the isolation or identification of clostridia. An attempt was made, therefore, to recover viable cells of three strains of Clostridium perfringens from various suspending media using five plating media. The results were analyzed statistically. The results may be summarized by stating that in every case SPS agar proved to be better than the other media examined for the recovery of the organisms; and that neither the food constituents tested nor mixed cultures of organisms affected the quantitative recovery of C. perfringens. The presence of sulfadiazine and polymyxin-B-sulfate in the medium did not affect the recovery of C. perfringens in a statistically significant manner.

OCCURRENCE OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN SELECTED DRY FOOD PRODUCTS1,2

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. U. Kim ◽  
J. M. Goepfert
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Dry Food

One hundred seventy samples of dried food products in national distribution were examined for the incidence and level of contamination by Bacillus cereus. Twenty-five per cent of the samples yielded B. cereus at a level not exceeding 4000 per gram. Mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin (MYP) agar was used as a presumptive test for the presence of B. cereus in the food samples. Various biochemical tests for the confirmation of suspicious colonies appearing on MYP agar were evaluated. A precipitin test employing spore precipitinogens was investigated as a confirmatory test for B. cereus. The possible role of B. cereus in outbreaks of foodborne disease in the United States is discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Single and Dual Antimicrobial Agents Against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S379-S379
Author(s):  
Farzad Moussavi ◽  
Sarath Nath ◽  
Daniel Abraham ◽  
David Landman ◽  
John Quale
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Background Options for treatment of infections due to KPC-producing K. pneumoniae are limited, and combination therapy is often recommended. In this report, the in vitro and in vivo activity of potential therapeutic agents and combinations was assessed against four KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Methods Using clinically-relevant concentrations, time-kill experiments and the Galleria mellonella model of infection were used to examine the activity of polymyxin B, ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem, rifampin, and amikacin alone and in combination. Four isolates of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae were studied, including two isolates that were resistant to polymyxin B and had ceftazidime-avibactam MICs of 8 µg/mL. The other two K. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B and had lower MICs of ceftazidime-avibactam. Results Two isolates that were resistant to polymyxin B and with ceftazidime-avibactam MICs of 8 µg/mL were also resistant to amikacin and meropenem. When ceftazidime-avibactam was combined with either amikacin or meropenem, synergy was observed in vitro, and these combinations were associated with improved survival with the in vivo model. The other two K. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B and had lower MICs of ceftazidime-avibactam. At concentrations four times the MIC, ceftazidime-avibactam had bactericidal activity in vitro; at one fourth the MIC, synergy was observed when combined with meropenem. Improved survival rates were observed with therapy with ceftazidime-avibactam, particularly when combined with a second agent for one isolate. In the in vivo model, polymyxin B with or without rifampin or meropenem, was ineffective against polymyxin B resistant strains. Conclusion Pending clinical studies, combining ceftazidime-avibactam with another agent (e.g., a carbapenem) should be encouraged when treating serious infections due to these pathogens, especially for isolates with ceftazidime-avibactam MICs near the susceptibility breakpoint. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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