Equity versus (Gender) Equality: Complexities and Implications in Programming, Monitoring, and Evaluation

ABSTRAK Filipina yang dikenal sebagai negara patriarki diera kolonialisme kini menjadi satu-satunya negara yang yang memiliki tingkat kesetaraan gender tertinggi di Asia. Pengembangan kebijakan pemerintah yang berfokus pada peningkatan kesetaraan gender, menjadikan laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki akses yang sama terhadap semua sumber daya. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang implementasi gender mainstraiming yang dilihat dari konteks pembangunan di Filipina dalam menegakkan kebijakan kesetaraan gender. Tulisan ini mengelaborasikan bahwa implementasi konsep gender mainstraiming yang mengintegrasikan perspektif gender ke dalam persiapan, perancangan, penerapan, monitoring dan evaluasi kebijakan, peraturan pelaksanaan dan program pembiayaan, sebagai salah satu kunci keberasilan kesetaraan gender di Filipina. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menjabarkan tiga argumen utama keberhasilan kesetaraan gender di Filipina pada tulisan ini: pertama, diaodpsinya terminologi gender mainstraiming. Kedua, penerapan gender mainstraiming yang dibuktikan dengan dibentuknya beberapa undang-undang peraturan serta program terkait penerapan kesetaraan gender yaitu The Magna Carta of Women (MCW), The Philippine Development Plan for Women (PDPW) 1989-1992, dan The Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development (PPGD) 1995−2025. Ketiga, implementasi gender mainstraiming dibeberapa sektor diantaranya partisipasi ekonomi dan peluang, pencapaian pendidikan, kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup, dan pemberdayaan politik. Keseiusan dan kesadaran tinggi pemerintah mengenai pentingya kesetaraan gender konteks pembangunan dituangkan dalam perturan serta undang-undang sebagai kunci yang kemudian diimplementasikan disegala kebijakan. Dalam penjabarannya, penulisan ini akan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan bersumber pada data sekunder. Kata Kunci: Kesetaraan gender, perempuan & pembangunan, gender mainstraiming, Filipina ABSTRACT The Philippines, which is known as a patriarchal country in the era of colonialism, is now the only country that has the highest level of gender equality in Asia. Development of government policies that focus on improving gender equality, giving men and women equal access to all resources. This raises questions about the implementation of gender mainstreaming seen from the context of development in the Philippines in enforcing gender equality policies. This paper elaborates that the implementation of the concept of gender mainstreaming which integrates a gender perspective into the preparation, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies, implementing regulations and financing programs, is one of the keys to the success of gender equality in the Philippines. In this article, the author outlines three main arguments for the success of gender equality in the Philippines in this paper: first, the diodection of the terminology of gender mainstreaming. Second, the implementation of gender mainstaking as evidenced by the formation of several laws and programs related to the implementation of gender equality, namely The Magna Carta of Women (MCW), The Philippine Development Plan for Women (PDPW) 1989-1992, and The Philippine Plan for Gender- Responsive Development (PPGD) 1995-2025. Third, the implementation of gender mainstreaming in several sectors including economic participation and opportunities, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment. The seriousness and high awareness of the government regarding the importance of gender equality in the development context is outlined in regulations and laws as keys which are then implemented in all policies. In the elaboration, this paper will use qualitative research methods sourced from secondary data. Keywords: Gender Equality, women & Development, Gender Mainstraiming, Philippines

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Exposure of Gender Equality through Children Stories for Students of Kranggan Lembur Mandiri Kindergarten, Jatirangga, Bekasi

Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Madani (JPMM) ◽

10.21009/10.21009/jpmm.005.1.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 143-159

Author(s):

Hasnini Hasra ◽

Ellita Permata Widjayanti ◽

Rahayu Purbasari ◽

Diyantari

Keyword(s):

Character Education ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Community Service ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Independent Learning ◽

Cultural Literacy ◽

Story Reading ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Service Activity ◽

And Gender

This community service activity aims to expose students to understanding the concept of gender and gender equality in order to minimize oppression, discrimination and bullying that mostly occurs against girls. This activity also aims to improve students' understanding of the value of character education and positive attitudes. The partner of this community development are students and teachers of Kranggan Lembur Mandiri Kindergarten, Jatirangga, Jatisampurna District, Bekasi. This community service activity is carried out through the method of assisting story reading, designing syllabus of story reading based on thematic reading, and providing material in the form of children's story books, as well as making children's story telling videos about gender equality, which can be used for students' independent learning. Monitoring and evaluation activities are carried out through observation and interviews. This activity helps improve students' understanding of the role and empowerment of women through education, enrichment of character and positive attitudes on gender justice (can work together, competence, active, empathize, problem solving), improve linguistic competence and visual literacy (recognition of colors and images), and also understanding of cultural literacy through children's stories containing local Indonesian culture and gender perspective.

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Gender and Renewable Energy: Wind, Solar, Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy

10.18235/0003068 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Paloma Marcos Morezuelas

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Large Scale ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Hydroelectric Energy ◽

Project Assessment ◽

Energy Projects ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Construction Operation

This document focuses on how to incorporate a gender perspective in operations that support the construction, operation and maintenance of medium- and large-scale renewable wind, solar, geothermal and hydroelectric energy installations connected to the grid for purposes of power generation. Additionally, there is also a section on rural energy that is applicable to small installations and mini-grids, or to exceptional cases where medium- and large-scale facilities provide electricity to a community. The document (i) identifies the possible gender equality challenges and opportunities as part of the project assessment, (ii) highlights the risks and potentially negative impacts of the project on gender equality, (iii) offers recommendations for addressing, preventing and mitigating challenges and for maximizing opportunities; and (iv) presents examples of programs that have taken into account gender differences or risks. In addition, the document includes (v) key questions for analyzing gender issues in renewable energy projects, and (vi) examples of indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of operations in the renewable energy sector.

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Representations of New Public Management in Australian Public Service gender equality policies

Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal ◽

10.1108/edi-05-2019-0145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sue Williamson ◽

Lisa Carson ◽

Meraiah Foley

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Public Sector ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Public Service ◽

Public Management ◽

New Public Management ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Content Type ◽

New Public ◽

Reducing Costs

Purpose Governments have demonstrated a renewed interest in progressing gender equality for their workforces, including in Australia. This refocusing has resulted in a tranche of new gender equality policies being introduced into the Australian Public Service (APS). The purpose of this paper is to examine how New Public Management (NPM) is reflected in these gender equality policies and consider whether NPM may assist or hinder gender being “undone” or “redone” in APS organisations. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis was conducted to assess the strategies contained within the gender equality policies of all 18 Australian government departments. Findings The content analysis reveals that the policies strongly reflect an NPM framing, except in one important area – that of monitoring and evaluation. The lack of attention to this crucial element of NPM may hinder effective implementation of many of the policies. The authors also conclude that while good intent is evident in the policies, they may “redo” rather than “undo” gender in organisations. Practical implications The paper will assist organisations which are developing and implementing gender equality policies. Even though NPM is specific to the public sector, the research highlights the potential and pitfalls when developing such policies in an environment focused on increasing efficiencies and reducing costs. Originality/value While gender equality and public sector reforms occurred simultaneously in Australia, few researchers have examined the interactions between the two.

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Examining Gender Safety in Schools: Teacher Agency and Resistance in Two Primary Schools in Kirinyaga, Kenya

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci9010063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Catherine Vanner

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Equity ◽

Child Protection ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

School Level ◽

Teacher Agency ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Global Context ◽

Collective Empowerment

This article introduces Stein, Tolman, Porche, and Spencer’s concept of gender safety in schools (GSS) as a useful framework for providing a gendered analysis of safety and equality at the school level within the global context of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 goal of equitable, inclusive and quality education for all. This article examines practices that support as well as undermine GSS in two primary schools in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. In these schools, individual teacher agency was the main factor enhancing GSS. Teachers’ efforts were, however, constrained by competing discourses emphasizing hierarchical administration and a narrow understanding of the school’s responsibilities. Teacher agency, therefore, was insufficient to systematically protect students and foster gender equity. The article suggests that teacher agency to enhance GSS in Kenya could be expanded through teachers’ collective empowerment using community-based networks alongside the integration of monitoring and evaluation processes in existing gender equality and child protection policies. It further recommends the GSS framework as a means for monitoring SDG 4’s commitments to gender equality and child protection in schools.

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Adapting Participatory Gender Audit to Small-Medium Sized ICT/IST Research Institutions The EQUAL-IST Methodology

Institutional Change for Gender Equality in Research Lesson Learned from the Field ◽

10.30687/978-88-6969-334-2/002 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Canali ◽

Tindara Addabbo ◽

Maria Sangiuliano

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Research Institutions ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Self Reflection ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

Research Institution ◽

Top Managers ◽

Critical Phases

One of the most critical phases to start a process of structural change for gender equality in a research institution is represented by the internal assessment of gender inequalities that allows to identify the main gender bias at the institutional level and may provide inputs to the design of the required measures and actions to enhance gender equality. Within the context of the EQUAL-IST project (Gender Equality Plans for Information Sciences and Technology Research Institutions), an innovative methodology for gender assessment has been developed to be adapted to research institutions with a strong component in ICT/IST. This field, recognized as one of the most affected by gender inequalities at all levels, presents peculiar issues iin terms of gender equality: in the ICT/IST field, indeed, a significant under-representation of women can be observed already at the level of the student population (Bachelor, Master and PhD); then, the gap tends to increase among the researchers and becomes more and more severe going up to the high levels of professors and top managers. In this chapter we present the gender assessment methodology developed in the EQUAL-IST project, that exploits a mixed strategy integrating two main approaches followed by existing methodologies for gender audit. On one side, a quantitative approach, based on measurable indicators computed on gender disaggregated data, is considered with the aim provide measurable and comparable information that facilitates monitoring and evaluation of gender equality policies impact over time. On the other side, the methodology integrates a qualitative approach, based on participatory techniques and tools such as focus groups, workshops, semi-structured interviews. These tools have the main objective to start raising awareness and to trigger a self-reflection process about processes and procedures, organizational culture and individuals self-perception about gender issues. The chapter presents in details the developed methodology for gender assessment, highlighting the main criteria followed for the choice of the quantitative indicators and the collaborative nature of the design and development process that, starting from the ILO PGA (Participatory Gender Audit), led to the final version of the methodology based on feedbacks received from the 7 EQUAL-IST RPOs through several steps of adaptation and customization.

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Gender sensitive research in adult education: Looking back and looking forward to explore what is and what is missing in the research agenda

European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults ◽

10.3384//rela.2000-7426.3684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

Joanna Ostrouch-Kamińska ◽

Cristina C. Vieira ◽

Barbara Merrill

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Gender Mainstreaming ◽

Development Goals ◽

Evaluation Policies ◽

Regulatory Measures ◽

Preparation Design ◽

Made In

Despite legislation, policies and practice, and while some progress has been made in many countries, there are still no countries who have achieved a hundred per cent gender equality (Gender Equality Index, EIGE, 2019). Over the years this has included several supranational agreements and mandatory regulations signed by countries such as the Convention of the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979), the Platform of Beijing (1995), the Istanbul Convention (2011), and more recently the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015), among others. The failure of these initiatives indicate that gender inequality, discrimination and prejudice suffered by women are embedded in structural unequal power relations. The ultimate goal of the ‘gender mainstreaming principle’ is the integration of a gender perspective into the preparation, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation policies, regulatory measures and spending programmes (including research ones), with a view to promoting gender equality between women and men, and combating discrimination.

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The role of women in freshwater aquaculture development in Kenya

Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management ◽

10.14321/aehm.024.01.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

Fonda Jane Awuor

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Value Chain ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Freshwater Aquaculture ◽

Development Goals ◽

Planning Development ◽

And Gender

Abstract For many years, aquaculture has been erroneously viewed as a male-dominated sector, offering women inadequate opportunities partly due to the high capital investment requirement and or the technologies linked to the venture. Women work in all areas of the aquaculture value chain but their opportunities have not kept pace with aquaculture growth. Hence, they form a larger component of the poor, limiting their income-generating activities and asset building potential. Gender disaggregated statistics that could track women’s engagement in aquaculture activities in Kenya are scanty. Hence, women’s presence, influence and interests are invisible. All aquaculture labour practices should embrace the Sustainable Development Goals 5 that focus on gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls. To that end, gender equality must be mainstreamed into aquaculture planning, development, monitoring and evaluation. This will require concerted political efforts by sector leaders, advocates and gender champions, supported by new technical instruments for implementation. The study leverages on incorporating gender lens and making gender visible in every phenomenon, questioning if, how and why processes, opportunities and standards differ systematically for women and men and not solely for women. Finally, it proposes sections where women’s engagements can be strengthened to increase the importance of aquaculture production in Kenya.

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