scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate and Hydrogen Peroxide on Bacterial Community and Removal Efficiency of Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Process for Enhanced Biofiltration

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Jung ◽  
Byungryul An ◽  
Heejong Son
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives:The correlation between the organic material removal ability of the enhanced BAC process injected by the phosphate (PO4-P) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and attached bacterial community was evaluated.Methods:As pilot plant for the purification of raw water downstream of Nakdong river, 4 acrylic columns with an inner diameter of 20 cm and a height of 250 cm were operated at an empty bed contact time of 20 minutes. The four BAC columns are as followed; conventional BAC (control-BAC), enhanced BAC with phosphorus (PO4-P+BAC), enhanced BAC with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2+BAC), and enhanced BAC with phosphorus and hydrogen peroxide (PO4-P+H2O2+BAC). 0.01 mg/L of PO4-P and 1 mg/L of H2O2 were added in influent in the enhanced BAC, respectively. After 18 months of operation, activated carbon was collected from the top of each BAC column and 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis was performed.Results and Discussion:The long-term addition of PO4-P and H2O2 contributes the increase of biomass and activity of attached bacteria, respectively. In the attached bacterial community of conventional and enhanced process, Proteobacteria phylum is the most dominant specie and both α-Proteobacteria class and β-Proteobacteria class are also highly present. Each enhanced BAC exhibits very high bacterial community similarity based on the composition of various genera but it is completely different with conventional BAC. In particular, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, Belnapia, Burkholderia, Polaromonas, and Desulfuromonas, which have excellent metabolism functions for a wide range of organic substrates, are highly dominated in the enhanced BAC process. The concentration of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) is obtained close to 0.15 mg/L for conventional BAC and less than 0.15 mg/L for enhanced BAC process, respectively. In general, the higher BDOC concentration can result in reducing biostability in water supply and distribution system when the residual chlorine concentration does not meet requirements. As result, less than 0.15 mg/L BDOC accomplished by PO4-P and H2O2 enhances the biostability.Conclusions:Compared to the conventional BAC process, the biomass and activity of attached bacteria and the ratio of the organization composition of the bacteria insides (genus) are considerably higher in the enhanced BAC process. These results achieve higher water quality and improve biostability.

Biodegradation of Organic Substances by Biological Activated Carbon – Simulation of Bacterial Activity on Granular Activated Carbon

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nishijima ◽  
M. Tojo ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

Biodegradation of organic substances by attached bacteria on biological activated carbon (BAC) was studied to clarify the advantages of granular activated carbon (GAC) as support media over conventional media without adsorption capacity with regard to biodegradation activity and community structure of attached bacteria. Anthracite (AN) was used as reference support medium without adsorbability. Low molecular organic substances with different biodegradability and adsorbability (phenol, glucose, benzoic acid and m-aminobenzoic acid) were fed into completely mixed BAC and AN reactors. The rate of biodegradation by BAC reactors fed with biodegradable organic substances was approximately 3 times as high as that by AN reactors. The difference in adsorbability of organic substances onto GAC had little effects on the rate of biodegradation. The structure of GAC with micro and macro pores did not provide better habitat for attached bacteria with regard to the size of population in comparison with anthracite without pores. The rates of biodegradation per attached bacteria for biodegradable organic substances in the BAC reactors were from 1.7 to 4.9 times higher than those in the AN reactors. GAC, as a bacterial support media, stimulated the biodegradation activity of each bacteria without increase in their population and probably with little change in their species composition. Although the number of attached bacteria on BAC was not different significantly from that on anthracite, m-aminobenzoic acid with low biodegradability was degraded only by the GAC reactor.

Sequential anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in activated carbon barriers

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tiehm ◽  
M. Gozan ◽  
A. Müller ◽  
H. Schell ◽  
H. Lorbeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Batch Tests

The aim of this study is to develop a long lasting, sequential anaerobic/aerobic biological activated carbon barrier. In the biobarrier, pollutant adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC) and biodegradation occur simultaneously. Trichloroethene (TCE), chlorobenzene (CB), and benzene were used as model pollutants. In the first barrier, that was operated under anaerobic conditions with sucrose and ethanol as auxiliary substrates, TCE was completely converted to lower chlorinated metabolites, predominantly cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE). The reductive dechlorination process was stable for about 300 d, although the concomitant sulphate-reducing and methanogenic processes varied considerably. In the second barrier, that was operated with addition of hydrogen peroxide and nitrate, dechlorination was limited by a lack of oxygen and restricted mainly to CB biodegradation. Additional aerobic batch tests revealed that the metabolites of anaerobic TCE dechlorination, i.e. cis-DCE and vinyl chloride, were oxidatively dechlorinated in the presence of suitable auxiliary substrates such as ethene, CB, benzene, or sucrose and ethanol. During periods of low biological activity, elimination of TCE and CB occurred by adsorption in the GAC barriers. The pre-sorbed pollutants were available for subsequent biodegradation resulting in a bioregeneration of the activated carbon barriers.

Improvement of biodegradation of organic substance by addition of phosphorus in biological activated carbon

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Nishijima ◽  
Eiji Shoto ◽  
Mitsumasa Okada
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The purposes of this study are to clarify the behavior of phosphorus in coagulation/sedimentation process, and to evaluate the effects of phosphorus addition into biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment on the biodegradation of organic substances. Conventional coagulation/sedimentation reduced phosphorus concentration to very low level, that is, 0.002–0.004 mgP.l−1 in water containing less than 0.063 mgP.l−1. In continuous experiment, the biodegradation rate of glucose in the BAC with adsorbed phosphorus before the start of operation was 5 times higher than that in the BAC without adsorbed phosphorus. The rate of increase in bacterial population was higher in the BAC with adsorbed phosphorus compared to the BAC without adsorbed phosphorus. The biodegradation rate of glucose in the BAC without adsorbed phosphorus increased significantly by addition of phosphorus into influent. Therefore, growth and biodegradation activity of attached bacteria on BAC was limited by phosphorus of low concentration in the influent treated by coagulation/sedimentation. Adsorption of phosphorus on activated carbon before the start of operation and/or addition of phosphorus in influent will be effective to improve the biological activity on BAC.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Phenylalanine Residues in Modulating the Flexibility and Topography of the Active Site in the Peroxygenase Variant PaDa-I

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5734
Author(s):  
Joaquin Ramirez-Ramirez ◽  
Javier Martin-Diaz ◽  
Nina Pastor ◽  
Miguel Alcalde ◽  
Marcela Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Heme Group ◽  
Wide Range

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are fungal heme-thiolate enzymes able to catalyze a wide range of oxidation reactions, such as peroxidase-like, catalase-like, haloperoxidase-like, and, most interestingly, cytochrome P450-like. One of the most outstanding properties of these enzymes is the ability to catalyze the oxidation a wide range of organic substrates (both aromatic and aliphatic) through cytochrome P450-like reactions (the so-called peroxygenase activity), which involves the insertion of an oxygen atom from hydrogen peroxide. To catalyze this reaction, the substrate must access a channel connecting the bulk solution to the heme group. The composition, shape, and flexibility of this channel surely modulate the catalytic ability of the enzymes in this family. In order to gain an understanding of the role of the residues comprising the channel, mutants derived from PaDa-I, a laboratory-evolved UPO variant from Agrocybe aegerita, were obtained. The two phenylalanine residues at the surface of the channel, which regulate the traffic towards the heme active site, were mutated by less bulky residues (alanine and leucine). The mutants were experimentally characterized, and computational studies (i.e., molecular dynamics (MD)) were performed. The results suggest that these residues are necessary to reduce the flexibility of the region and maintain the topography of the channel.

Mechanism of anaerobic biological activated carbon process examined by using stable isotope

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Saito ◽  
Keisuke Hanaki ◽  
Tomonori Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Attached Bacteria

This research focused on the mechanism of substrate transfer in anaerobic biological activated carbon (BAC) process. There are two possible pathways of substrate supply to the attached bacteria in BAC process. One is the pathway from the bulk liquid and the other is the pathway directly from activated carbon. Stable carbon isotope was used to determine them. The isotope ratio of produced methane was between isotope ratios in bulk liquid and inside activated carbon. This means that activated carbon can supply adsorbed substances directly to the attached bacteria without releasing them into bulk liquid.

scholarly journals A Study of the Distribution of a Bacterial Community in Biological-Activated Carbon (BAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242
Author(s):  
Hong-Ki Park ◽  
Eun-Young Jung ◽  
Dong-Jin Cha ◽  
Jung-A Kim ◽  
Jae-Hoon Bean
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon

Effets de l'ozonation et de la filtration biologique sur la demande en chlore et sur les précurseurs de trihalométhanes et des composés organo-halogénés totaux

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-954
Author(s):  
Hélène Baribeau ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Raymond Desjardins ◽  
Pierre Lafrance ◽  
Bernard Legube
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Chlorine Demand ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
By Products

The effects of biological treatment (ozonation followed by biological activated carbon filtration (BAC)) on chlorine demand and on formation of trihalomethanes (THM) and total organic halides compounds (TOH) were studied at the Sainte-Rose water treatment facility, Laval. The plant influent is a surface water with a dissolved organic carbon of 6–7 mg/L. Results showed that ozonation marginally reduced (0–6%) short term chlorine demand but that BAC filtration reduced it by 40–55%. Ozonation versus BAC filtration was found to effect THM and TOH formation differently from the removal of the chlorine demand. THM (4-h contact with chlorine) and TOH formations were reduced by 48–60% and 39%, respectively, via ozonation. With BAC filtration, THM and TOH formations were reduced by 20–34% and 16%, respectively, with respect to the ozonated influent. For all essays, an initial significant decrease in residual chlorine was followed by an increase in TOH and subsequently in THM. The initial chlorine doses used for measuring the chlorine demand were found to have an effect on the final results. An increase in the initial chlorine dose resulted in a higher chlorine demand as well as in higher THM and TOH formations. The effect was found to be more profound at chlorine doses less than 3 mg Cl2/mg total organic carbon. Key words: chlorine demand, chlorination by-products, trihalomethane, total organic halides, ozonation, filtration, biological activated carbon.

Synergistic effect of biological activated carbon and enhanced coagulation in secondary wastewater effluent treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aryal ◽  
A. Sathasivan ◽  
S. Vigneswaran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range

The use of secondary wastewater effluent (SWWE) is an essential strategy for making better use of limited water resources. However, a wide range of organic compounds eventually renders them unsuitable for recycling. In water treatment processes, biologically activated carbon (BAC) is adopted after physicochemical treatment. However, the effectiveness of such combination for SWWE remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effectiveness of various combinations: BAC/enhanced coagulation (EC) or EC/BAC, especially in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. The results showed that distinct advantage could be obtained by adopting BAC/EC combination rather than EC/BAC, as microbes in BAC not only remove non-coagulable compounds but also synergize the removal efficiency by releasing some coagulable humic substances.

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