scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels on the Yields of Guinea Grass, Para Grass, and Guinea Grass-Kudzu and Para Grass-Kudzu Mixtures in Lajas Valley

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-412
Author(s):  
Roberto Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Active Root

A field experiment was conducted at Lajas Substation in order to study the effects of three irrigation and three nitrogen levels on dry-matter yields of Para grass, Guinea grass, and the mixtures of these grasses with tropical kudzu. Some plots were frequently irrigated when the average soil-moisture suction in the active root-zone reached 0.7 atm. and intermediately irrigated when the average soil-moisture suction in the active root-zone reached 2.0 atm. Nonirrigated plots were used as a check. The nitrogen levels tested were 0, 400, and 800 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year.

scholarly journals Response of Native White Sorghum to Irrigation under Different Nitrogen-Fertility Levels and Seeding Rates in Lajas Valley, Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
R. Vázquez ◽  
A. Eschenwald-Hess ◽  
M. J. Martínez-Luciano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
Native White ◽  
Active Root

A field experiment was conducted at Lajas Substation in order to study the effects of four irrigation and three nitrogen levels under three different seeding rates on dry-matter yields of White Native sorghum. The following irrigation treatments were tried: High moisture, plots irrigated when the average soil-moisture suction in the active root-zone reached 0.7 atm.; medium moisture, irrigated when the average soil-moisture suction reached 2.0 atm.; low moisture, irrigated when the average soil-moisture suction reached 5.0 atm., and nonirrigated plots were used as check. The nitrogen levels tested were 40, 80, and 120 pounds per acre per harvest. The seeding rates used were 10, 20, and 30 pounds per acre.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels in Maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
B. Soujanya ◽  
B. Balaji Naik ◽  
M. Uma Devi ◽  
T. L. Neelima ◽  
Anima Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at Agro Climate Research Center, Agricultural Research Institute, P.J.T.S Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India during rabi 2019-20. The field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprising of three irrigation scheduling based on (Depletion of Available Soil Moisture) at 60% DASM, 40% DASM and 20% DASM as main plots and three nitrogen levels viz., 90, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1 as sub-plots. The experiment was laid out in split plot design. The results indicated that, among the different treatment combinations, the crop irrigation scheduled at 20 % DASM in conjunction with 240 kg N ha-1 accumulated significantly more dry matter of 34.2 g, 149.2 g, 233.7 g and 284.8 g plant-1, at 6th leaf, silking, dough and physiological maturity stages, respectively. The nitrogen uptake was found to be more when the crop was irrigated at 20 % DASM in conjunction with 240 kg N ha-1 (67.1 g, 231.8 g, 294.7 g and 305.3 g plant-1) at 6th leaf, silking, dough and physiological maturity stages, respectively.

Effects of Irrigation, Nitrogen Levels, and Plant Population on Corn Yields in Lajas Valley, P. R.

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Roberto Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Active Root

Three field experiments using three irrigation, three nitrogen, and three plant-population levels were conducted at Lajas Substation in order to determine the effect of irrigation in combination with nitrogen fertilizer and different plant populations on the production of field corn. "Frequently irrigated" plots were irrigated when 20 percent of the available moisture had been depleted from the active root zone, "intermediately irrigated" plots when the depletion was 60 percent, and "nonirrigated" plots were used as a check. The nitrogen levels tested were 0, 80, and 160 pounds per acre, and the plant-population levels were 9,600, 14,500, and 19,400 plants per acre.

Effects of Liming and Soil pH on Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) in Malaysian Tropical Oligotrophic Peat

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Chew ◽  
C. N. Williams ◽  
L. Ismail ◽  
K. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Quadratic Relation ◽  
Guinea Grass

SUMMARYIn a three-year field experiment on acid peat (pH 3.47) up to 12 t/ha lime increased peat pH (0–30 cm depth) by 0.061/t. Annual guinea grass dry matter increased in quadratic relation with liming up to pH 4.20 (12 t/ha lime) but there was no difference between the cvs Sigor and Colonoa. Liming decreased the N, P and K, but increased the Ca and Mg contents of the harvested grass. Liming also increased the uptake of all five nutrients investigated, either linearly or curvilinearly.

Tree Induce Suction for Slope Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1334-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fakhrurrazi Ishak ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
A. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Natural Slope ◽  
Porewater Pressure ◽  
Total Suction ◽  
Active Root

Many slope areas in Malaysia whether it is man made or natural slope are particularly vulnerable to soil erosion and shallow failures due to the increasing of soil moisture and porewater pressure. This study will determined the active root zone of the tree near the toe of the slope which suctions have been generated within this section. Hence, the effect it only focusing on hydrological aspect with soil moisture pattern near vicinity of the tree. The mechanical aspect of tree root such as tensile strength and bonding between root and soil which can led to increasing soil strength are assumed negligible in this study. From preliminary result of field monitoring show significant increase of total suction at near vicinity of tree which can lead to stability analysis on slope. The comparison of FOS will be presented between at the toe of slope with and without the tree. Furthermore, for slope studies area the reresult indicates that tree induced suction can be related to cause the factor of safety against slope failure improve up to 33.07%.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation at Different Growth Stages, and of Nitrogen Levels on Corn Yields in Lajas Valley, P.R.

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Roberto Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Active Root

Two field experiments using nine irrigation and three nitrogen levels were conducted at Lajas Substation in order to determine the effects of irrigation at different growth stages on the production of field corn. Some plots were frequently irrigated, irrigated when 20 percent of the available moisture had been depleted from the active root zone; and intermediately irrigated, irrigated when the depletion was 60 percent throughout the whole growing season. Other plots were frequently irrigated from planting to the tasseling, silking, and hard-dough stages, not being irrigated thereafter; while others still were not irrigated after the crop was established until the tasseling, silking, and hard-dough stages; these plots were frequently irrigated thereafter. Nonirrigated plots were used as checks.

ВОДНЫЙ РЕЖИМ ОРОШАЕМЫХ СОЛОНЦОВЫХ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ ПОЧВ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Salt Flats

Представлены материалы исследований формирования режима влажности и динамики грунтовых вод орошаемых солонцовых комплексных почв при различных способах полива, проведенные в Волгоградском Заволжье. Установлена значительная неравномерность распределения влажности почвы при поливах дождеванием. Отмечается поверхностный сток по микрорельефу до 30% от поливной нормы, что приводит к недостаточности увлажнения корневой зоны на солонцах и переувлажнению почв в понижениях микрорельефа и потере оросительной воды на инфильтрационное питание грунтовых вод.The article presents the materials of research on the formation of the humidity regime and dynamics of ground water of irrigated saline complex soils under various irrigation methods, conducted in the Volgograd Zavolzhye. A significant unevenness in the distribution of soil moisture during irrigation with sprinkling has been established. There is a surface runoff on the microrelief of up to 30% of the irrigation norm, which leads to insufficient moisture of the root zone on the salt flats and waterlogging of the soil in the microrelief depressions and loss of irrigation water for infiltration feed of ground water.

scholarly journals Responses of Root Characteristic Parameters and Plant Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Transportation to Nitrogen Levels for Spring Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Caifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Transport

Improving nitrogen use efficiency is a significant scientific problem to be solved. Two maize hybrids JD27 (Jidan 27) and SD19 (Sidan 19) were selected to study the effects of nitrogen levels on root characteristic parameters and plant dry matter accumulation, distribution and transportation. We set five different nitrogen levels, which were nitrogen deficiency (000N), low nitrogen (075N), medium nitrogen (150N), high nitrogen (225N) and excessive nitrogen (300N). The results showed that the root length and root surface area of JD27 were significantly higher than those of SD19 under 075N. With the increase of nitrogen levels, the root difference among varieties gradually decreased. The root length, projection area, total surface area and total volume reached the maximum values at silking stage. The average root diameter kept stable or decreased slowly with the growth stage. The dry matter accumulation of JD27 was higher than that of SD19 at all growth stages. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the transport of dry matter to grain and improve dry matter transport efficiency after anthesis. Under the treatment of medium and high nitrogen fertilizer, maize was easy to obtain a higher yield, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the increase of yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for maize production techniques.

scholarly journals Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Kayla Snyder ◽  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Bryon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Black Film ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mulch Film ◽  
Mulch Films ◽  
Zone Temperature

AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic warming and intraseasonal summer monsoon variability amplify the risk of future flash droughts in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Mishra ◽  
Saran Aadhar ◽  
Shanti Shwarup Mahto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Intraseasonal Variability ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractFlash droughts cause rapid depletion in root-zone soil moisture and severely affect crop health and irrigation water demands. However, their occurrence and impacts in the current and future climate in India remain unknown. Here we use observations and model simulations from the large ensemble of Community Earth System Model to quantify the risk of flash droughts in India. Root-zone soil moisture simulations conducted using Variable Infiltration Capacity model show that flash droughts predominantly occur during the summer monsoon season (June–September) and driven by the intraseasonal variability of monsoon rainfall. Positive temperature anomalies during the monsoon break rapidly deplete soil moisture, which is further exacerbated by the land-atmospheric feedback. The worst flash drought in the observed (1951–2016) climate occurred in 1979, affecting more than 40% of the country. The frequency of concurrent hot and dry extremes is projected to rise by about five-fold, causing approximately seven-fold increase in flash droughts like 1979 by the end of the 21st century. The increased risk of flash droughts in the future is attributed to intraseasonal variability of the summer monsoon rainfall and anthropogenic warming, which can have deleterious implications for crop production, irrigation demands, and groundwater abstraction in India.

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