Weight Gains of Cows Fed on Five Grass Pastures Intensively Managed in the Humid Hill Region of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Rubén Caro-Costas
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Root System ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Intensively Managed

There is no significant difference in the productivity of intensively managed pastures of Guinea, Tanner, Pangola, D. milanjiana and Signal grasses growing on an Ultisol. Grazing cattle gained an average of 815 kg/ha/yr and 0.47 kg/head/day. Tanner can on occasion be toxic to cattle; Signal and Guinea grasses were not easily established, and D. milanjiana was frequently uprooted by the grazing cattle. Pangola proved to be the most desirable because it is easy to establish and cultivate; it has a good root system, and it contains no toxic substances.

scholarly journals Productivity of Four Intensively Managed Grasses under Grazing Management in the Humid Hill Region of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Intensively Managed

Four grasses on intensively managed, grazed 10 x 10 m plots produced similar yields of dry forage expressed in kg/ha/yr as follows: Pangola—10,330; Signal—9,900; Tanner—11,030; and Transvala—10 ,620. Yields of Signal, Tanner and Congo grasses were comparable to yields obtained in a large scale grazing experiment nearby, a fact which confirmed the validity of the small experimental plot technique in determining yield potential of forage grasses under grazing management.

scholarly journals Comparison of Heavily Fertilized Pangola and Star Grass Pastures in Terms of Beef Production and Carrying Capacity in the Humid Mountain Region of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Rubén Caro-Costas ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Intensively Managed

Intensively managed Star and Pangola grass pastures fertilized with one ton of 14-4-10 per acre yearly were compared in terms of beef production and carrying capacity during a 2-year period in the humid mountain region of Puerto Rico. Star grass produced an average of 1,350 pounds of beef per acre yearly with average daily gains of 1.33 pounds per head, compared to 947 pounds of beef per acre and average daily gains of 1.09 per head for Pangola. Star grass pastures had a carrying capacity equivalent to three 600-pound steers per acre compared to 2.5 for Pangola. Star grass had higher protein and dry matter contents than Pangola throughout the year. Protein content of the forage ranged from 11.3 to 19.6 percent, with highest values occurring during the slow growth of winter months. Both grasses produced lowest yields during the winter months in spite of rainfall in excess of 5 inches monthly during this period. Shorter days and cooler temperatures seem to be primary factors responsible for lower beef production during this season, although these variations are small in this tropical area. Excessive rainfall tended to depress weight gains.

scholarly journals Comparison of Heavily Fertilized Congo, Star and Pangola Grass Pastures in the Humid Mountain Region of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Rubén Caro-Costas ◽  
José Vicente Chandler ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Intensively Managed

The productivity of intensively managed pastures of Congo, Star, and Pangola grasses was compared in the mountain region of Puerto Rico under conditions typical of vast areas in the humid topics. Stargrass produced higher weight gains (1,274 lb/acre (1,427 kg/ha) yearly) and had a higher carrying capacity (2.91/600-lb steers/acre or 7.27/273-kg steers/ha) than did Congo or Pangola grasses, which were similar in both these respects. Apparent in vitro digestibility (66%) and protein content (21.1%) of Stargrass was higher and lignin content (4.6%), lower than that of Congo or Pangola.

An evaluation of beef carcass quality 1. The influence of cereal feeding on the growth and carcass quality of Friesian steers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Tasting Panel

SUMMARYTwenty-four Friesian steers, initially 5 months of age, were involved in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment which spanned grazing and silage feeding periods of 22 weeks' duration. In the first period, cattle were stocked at a uniformly high density, with half of the group being fed 1·25 kg/head per day of supplementary barley. In the second period, the cattle were subdivided into four groups and fed varying levels of barley with silage. Finally all the animals received 3·65 kg/head per day of barley. Replicates of the four treatments were slaughtered at random after 5 to 11 weeks on this treatment. Whilst supplementary cereal feeding significantly increased the live-weight gains of steers at grass by 11%, this live-weight advantage was offset by their slower gains in the final weeks before slaughter. Feeding cereals to grazing cattle had little effect on carcass composition or the proportions of carcass joints, but their beef was considered, by a tasting panel, to be more tender than the meat from the control steers.Increasing the level of barley fed with silage only increased live-weight gains by 2%, and had little effect on carcass or meat quality.

Effects of dietary oil palm, plantain and Calopogonium spp. leaves on performance and sensory values of rabbit meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
J.N. Ingweye ◽  
J. Mfon ◽  
G.A. Kalio ◽  
F.I. Ologbose
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Better Than

Performance and organoleptic indices of rabbits fed plantain, oil palm and calopogonium leaves was assessed using 48, eight weeks old bucks. They were allotted to four groups of 12 animals and three replicates of four animals each. Group A (control) was fed calopogonium leaf while groups B, C, and D were fed plantain leaf, oil palm leaf, and 50% oil palm + 50% plantain leaves, respectively. Animals consumed fixed amount of commercial pellets while forages and water were given ad libitum. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used. Proximate analysis of pellets and forages as well as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were assessed. At the end of the experiment, meat from one rabbit per treatment was used for sensory evaluation by 20 semi-trained panelists using 7-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference. Crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and ash contents of the leaves ranged from 25.11±1.50 (calopogonium) to 4.90±0.92 (oil palm), 38.40±2.12 (oil palm) to 15.38±0.07 (plantain), 9.71±0.01 (plantain) to 2.30±0.01 (oil palm), 47.80±0.56 (oil palm) to 32.27±0.02 (calopogonium) and 11.93±0.02 (plantain) to 2.99±0.01 (oil palm), respectively. Groups A and B had the highest (p<0.05) final weight and weight gains while groups A, B and C had the highest (p<0.05) forage intake. Feed conversion ratios of groups A and B were better (lower) than others. Forages had no effect on meat colour and texture. Groups B and D meats tasted better than others. Group D meat aroma was better than those fed single forages. Meats from groups C and D were the juiciest while meats from groups A, C and D were the most acceptable. Consideration of final weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio and taste of meat would require that plantain leaves be used to feed meat rabbits. Keywords: Organoleptic indices, Dry season feeding, Forage

scholarly journals Production of grazed tropical grasses in different agroecosystems in Puerto Rico. III. Semiarid

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Angel V. Méndez-cruz
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

A field experiment was conducted at the Lajas Experiment Substation in the semiarid region of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of 8 tropical grasses, Cynodon nlemfuensis Star, C. dactylon Coastcross-1, C. plectostachyus Star, Panicum maximum USDA Pl291047, Makueni, Guinea and P. maximum USDA PI 259553, and the naturalized pasture Dichanthium annulatus pajon. Small plots were grazed at 3- to 5-week intervals for 2 years. P. maximum USDA PI 259553 and Makueni were highly productive in the semiarid,.region, as well as in previous experiments in humid regions in Puerto Rico. They are highly recommended for grazing trials. P. maximum Makueni and USDA PI 291047 were the most productive during the first year, although they were not significantly different (P=0.05) from P. maximum USDA PI 259553 and Common Guinea, and Cynodon plectyostachyus Star. The production of C. nlemluensis Star was similar to that of Dichanthium annulatus but higher than that of C. dactylon Coastcross-1 (P=0.05). The average production for all grasses declined at the beginning of the year, during the cool short days in February and March, 1983, without any significant difference (P=0.05) among species and cultivars. Production increased at the beginning of the rainy season, but it was low at the peak of the rainy season because of trampling in poorly aerated and compact soils. C. plectostachyus Star was the most productive grass during the second year of experiment, although it was not significantly different (P=0.05) from P. maximum USDA PI 291017 and 259553 and cultivar Makueni. The production of Common Guinea and that of D. annulatus were. similar and higher than that of C. nlemfuensis Star and C. dactylon Coastcross-1 (P=0.05), which did not persist at the end of the experiment. Forage production during the second year was lower than in the first year because of less rainfall in 1983. The mean CP content of all grasses varied from 11.29 to 14.05, except that of D. annulatus, which was only 9.73%. CP content was lower during the periods of maximum forage production.

scholarly journals Distribution and Demographics of Fuchsia Excorticata, Nelson Lakes National Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Rex Lancelot Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Reference Areas

<p>The small tree Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) is found on disturbed riparian sites throughout New Zealand. Spatial distribution and  demographic changes in populations of F. excorticata were surveyed in the Rotoiti Nature Recovery Project (RNRP) area, and an associated non-treatment reference area, Nelson Lakes National Park, over the period 2005 to 2007. The RNRP is an intensively managed "mainland island" project in mixed beech (Nothofagus) forest, pest animal species especially possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), rodents, and mustelids are controlled. The aim of this study was to survey the condition of F. excorticata in the managed and reference areas to determine if any differences could be detected between the populations over time. The only significant (p<0.05) difference between the two areas was in sapling abundance, which was higher in the RNRP management area. This was tentatively attributed to pest management; however the concurrence of complex  environmental influences, and a lack of management replication, prevented a simple interpretation of the data. There was no significant difference in recruitment, growth, mortality, and tree or seedling abundance  between the managed and reference areas. Growth rate, especially of saplings, was significantly greater at lower elevations in the RNRP managed area, however the inverse held for the reference area. Mammalian herbivory was light; the main affect being to restrict seedling growth through hedging. Periodic heavy flooding was responsible for much of the mortality, however many newly disturbed sites were rapidly populated with fuchsia seedlings. The need for rigour in establishing ecologically comparable reference sites for comparative studies was evident. There were inherent difficulties in establishing causal relationships between ecological changes and management practices where management was not replicated geographically.</p>

scholarly journals Arabic-Spanish Language Contact in Puerto Rico: A Case of Glottal Stop Epenthesis

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sherez Mohamed ◽  
Carolina González ◽  
Antje Muntendam
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilingual Group ◽  
Glottal Stop ◽  
Vowel Height ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

The current study examines the realization of adjacent vowels across word boundaries in Arabic-Spanish bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals in Puerto Rico, focusing specifically on the rate of glottal stop epenthesis in this context (e.g., hombre africano to [ˈom.bre.ʔa.fri.ˈka.no]). It was hypothesized that Arabic-Spanish bilinguals would show a higher rate of glottal stop epenthesis than Spanish monolinguals because of transfer from Arabic. In addition, we investigated the possible effects of stress, vowel height, language dominance and bilingual type on the rate of glottal stop epenthesis. Results from a reading task with 8 participants showed no significant difference in glottalization between bilinguals and monolinguals. For monolinguals, glottalization was significantly more likely when the first vowel was low or stressed; significant interactions between vowel height and stress were found for the bilingual group. Language dominance was a significant factor, with Arabic-dominant bilinguals glottalizing more than the Spanish-dominant bilinguals. In addition, early sequential bilinguals favored glottalization slightly more than simultaneous bilinguals, without reaching significance. Our data suggests some effects of syllable structure transfer from Arabic, particularly in Arabic-dominant participants. To our knowledge, our study is the first exploration of Arabic and Spanish in contact in Puerto Rico, and the first to acoustically examine the speech of Arabic-Spanish bilinguals.

A note on the weights and weight gains of some Charolais and contemporary calves of other breeds in Northern Ireland

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYData on calves sired by Charolais bulls and their contemporaries in 22 commercial herds in Northern Ireland indicate that the Charolais calves were significantly heavier than their contemporaries at weaning as well as at birth. Although the weight of dam was also significantly greater for the Charolais calves, all the evidence indicated that this was not associated with calf weight and did not, therefore, invalidate the conclusion on calf weights.The present results suggest that although interaction between breed of sire and sex is not statistically significant for calf weights neverthe-less the superiority of Charolais sires was much greater for males than for females. The interaction was significant for daily gain to weaning. Separate analyses for the two sexes indicated that the Charolais-cross males gained significantly better than their contemporaries whereas no significant difference in gain could be detected in the females.

The effects of implanting prepuberal dairy heifers with anabolic steroids on live-weight gain, blood and urine composition and milk yield

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Little ◽  
R. M. Kay ◽  
D. J. Harwood ◽  
R. J. Heitzman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYTwenty-seven British Friesian heifer calves were housed as a group but fed individually barley-lucerne pellets according to a scale related to body weight. At 16 weeks and again at 31 weeks of age nine calves were implanted subcutaneously at the base of the ear with 300 mg trenbolone acetate (group T), nine calves were similarly implanted with 140 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg oestradiol-17/? (group TE) and the remaining nine calves were sham implanted (group C).As a result of increased feed conversion ratios, body-weight gains were significantly greater in group T (0–80 kg/day) and group TE (0–87 kg/day) than in group C (0–72 kg/ day) during the 15 weeks following the second implant, but there was no significant difference between groups following the first implant.Following both implants in groups T and TE the mean concentrations of urea and albumin in serum decreased, and that of globulin increased. The mean urea: creatinine ratio in the urine of animals in groups T and TE relative to that in group C also decreased.The heifers were served by an Aberdeen Angus bull at the first and, when they occurred, subsequent oestruses. Following calving the mean milk yields in the first lactation in group T (641 kg in 96 days) and group TE (1993 in 212 days) was considerably lower than in group C (3636 kg in 293 days). The udder size in both groups of animals treated with the anabolic steroids was markedly reduced. It is concluded that despite an improvement in feed conversion ratios and body-weight gains, trenbolone acetate should not be administered to prepuberal heifers which will be retained for breeding and milk production.

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