scholarly journals Soil organic matter stocks and spatial distribution in the Rio Grande de Arecibo watershed.

1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Lionel Cruz ◽  
Luis R. Pérez-Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Mapping Unit

This research evaluated the influence of land use and soil classification, as stratified by taxonomic soil order, on the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) of the Rio Grande de Arecibo (RGA) watershed, Puerto Rico. The objectives were to quantify the present state of SOC and of SON stocks and potential C sequestration capability of the watershed to 1 -m depth. Samples were taken from representative soils of the watershed occupying 39,361 ha (or 87.3% of the total watershed area) under secondary forest, pasture, or agricultural land use. Soils of the watershed store 5.02 x 106 Mg of SOC and 0.48 x 106 Mg of SON at a depth of 100 cm. The weighted mean SOC and SON contents of the 0- to 15-cm layer of the watershed were 4.33 kg C/m2 and 0.390 kg N/m2, respectively, whereas at 0 to 100 cm it was 11.13 kg C/m2 and 1.08 kg N/m2, respectively. The soil mapping unit x land use interaction represented the best area-wide estimates of soil organic matter because there was improved resolution on a spatial scale. Forest and pasture soils contained higher amounts of SOC (12.8 and 9.79 kg C/m2, respectively) (P < 0.05) than soils under cropland (7.90 kg C/m2) for the 0- to 100-cm depth. The 0- to 15-cm SOC was ranked as Oxisols = Ultisols > Inceptisols, with values of 5.85, 4.77, and 3.18 kg C/m2, respectively (P < 0.05); and for the 0 to 100 cm, were ranked as Oxisols > Ultisols > Inceptisols, with values of 18.3,13.3, and 6.71 kg C/m2, respectively. We estimate that an additional amount of 46,627 Mg C could be sequestered within the watershed if 50% of the agricultural or pasture land were reverted to forest. This estimate represents a modest 1.0% increase above the current watershed C level.

scholarly journals Land Use Changes Affecting Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Topsoil and Subsoil in Northeast Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Benjapon Kunlanit ◽  
Laksanara Khwanchum ◽  
Patma Vityakon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Land Uses

The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of land use on accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) in the soil profile (0–100 cm) and to determine pattern of SOM stock distribution in soil profiles. Soil samples were collected from five soil depths at 20 cm intervals from 0 to 100 cm under four adjacent land uses including forest, cassava, sugarcane, and paddy lands located in six districts of Maha Sarakham province in the Northeast of Thailand. When considering SOM stock among different land uses in all locations, forest soils had significantly higher total SOM stocks in 0–100 cm (193 Mg·C·ha−1) than those in cassava, sugarcane, and paddy soils in all locations. Leaf litter and remaining rice stover on soil surfaces resulted in a higher amount of SOM stocks in topsoil (0–20 cm) than subsoil (20–100 cm) in some forest and paddy land uses. General pattern of SOM stock distribution in soil profiles was such that the SOM stock declined with soil depth. Although SOM stocks decreased with depth, the subsoil stock contributes to longer term storage of C than topsoils as they are more stabilized through adsorption onto clay fraction in finer textured subsoil than those of the topsoils. Agricultural practices, notably applications of organic materials, such as cattle manure, could increase subsoil SOM stock as found in some agricultural land uses (cassava and sugarcane) in some location in our study. Upland agricultural land uses, notably cassava, caused high rate of soil degradation. To restore soil fertility of these agricultural lands, appropriate agronomic practices including application of organic soil amendments, return of crop residues, and reduction of soil disturbance to increase and maintain SOM stock, should be practiced.

Evaluation of soil quality in different land uses in the Mengzi Gabin Basin, Southwest of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Tang ◽  
Zhijie Shan ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total Potassium

&lt;p&gt;Re-vegetation has been widely carried out to prevent land degradation, reduce soil erosion, and improve soil quality. In order to investigate the characteristics of soil nutrients content in different land use types of karst gabin basin, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil total potassium, soil pH, and soil texture in woodland, agricultural land, orchard, and grassland were surveyed in Mengzi Gabin Basin, Southwest of China. The difference of soil indicators between vegetation types was analyzed, and soil fertility quality of four land use types was comprehensively evaluated by the soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that land use significantly affected soil organic matter content. Soil organic matter content was the highest in grassland, followed by agricultural land and forest land, while orchard was lowest. There was a significant difference in soil total nitrogen content between different land uses. The total nitrogen content in farmland soil was the highest, followed by grassland and woodland, and the lowest in the orchard. Woodand had the highest total potassium content and the lowest total phosphorus content. The grassland soil had the highest total phosphorus content and the lowest total potassium content. pH value in the four land use types was acidic, ranged from 5.82 to 6.67. The soil quality index showed that woodland had the highest soil fertility quality. The results of the study could provide the basis of soil nutrients variation and status in Gabin basin, and also provides support for evaluating the soil improvements during vegetation restoration in fragile Karst ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;

Empirical Analysis on the Influence of Different Land Use on Soil Organic Matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Han Zheng Kong ◽  
Ju Sheng Jiang ◽  
Zong Bo Peng ◽  
Yu Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Tillage Method

In this paper, we take secondary forest, orchard, and woodland soils of rubber in different planting years as a research subject and analyze the influence of different land use on soil organic matter. The results show that land use has significant influence on soil organic matter components (p <0.01). We conducted a survey and sampling on 10 age classes of Hainan Dongfang Daguangba (3, 8, 13, 18,23,29,33,35,38,42 years old) rubber plantation plots soil layer (0 cm-20 cm, 20 cm-40 cm), and conducted in-house testing analysis of its organic matter content, and achieved preliminary exploration that soil organic matter content of different land use patterns in Dongfang City in Hainan: secondary forest> orchard> rubber plantation. These differences are mainly due to the litter under different tillage quantity, quality and variety of management measures. While orchards and rubber plantation have used different tillage method, as a plantation by human, it was greatly influenced by human.

scholarly journals Microbial Respiration as Indicator of Soil Quality of Different Land Uses in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Jessa May Malanguis ◽  
Cheryl Batistel ◽  
Marlito Jose Bande
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Land Uses

Land use conversion affects soil ecosystem quality and balance, which can be reflected by microbial activities. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of microbial respiration as indicator of soil quality of different land uses, reforestation site, agricultural land and grassland, in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte. The amount of CO2 evolved after one, three and seven days of incubation was used to determine microbial respiration rate of different land uses and across relief. Relationship between microbial respiration on pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and moisture content at field capacity were also examined. Results revealed that microbial respiration varies significantly among land uses with the highest rate observed in grassland while the lowest was in the reforestation site. Across relief, amount of CO2 released was significantly higher in the lower slope compared to the upper and the middle. The process tends to be significantly influenced by soil organic matter and moisture content. Results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between microbial respiration and organic matter, and a direct relationship with moisture content. High soil respiration in the grassland and in the lower topographic relief implies that the soil organic matter is converted into inorganic forms which are available for uptake by plants. A significant interaction between land use types and relief was also observed in both organic matter and moisture content leading enhanced microbial respiration. Land use and relief showed no significant effect on total nitrogen and soil pH.

scholarly journals Effect of agricultural lands afforestation and tree species composition on the soil reaction, total organic carbon and nitrogen content in the uppermost mineral soil profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Holubík ◽  
V. Podrázský ◽  
J. Vopravil ◽  
T. Khel ◽  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
C And N

Forests occupy one third of the world&rsquo;s land area and govern carbon (C) transfers and influence nitrogen (N) content in the biosphere. Afforestation leads to soil changes of specific dynamics, often accompanied by acidification. Especially at higher altitudes this effect is accelerated and increased with the stand age since forestation. The change in soil C and N content following afforestation is controlled by a number of factors, including: previous land use (grasslands, cropland, etc.), tree species, soil cultivation method, soil properties (clay content, pH), stand age, site management, topography, and climate. In the Czech Republic, large area changes in land use took place in the last centuries &ndash; forests covering roughly 20% in the 18<sup>th</sup> century currently occupy almost 34%, with still increasing tendencies. This paper compares basic soil properties (soil reaction, total soil organic carbon as well as total nitrogen contents) of the agricultural land and land afforested 40&ndash;60 years ago. The results confirmed the key role of afforestation in the change of soil organic matter dynamics after establishing new forests on the former agricultural lands in the uppermost mineral soil part of the Orlick&eacute; hory Mts. region in the Czech Republic. During that time, comparatively substantial changes in soil organic matter and nitrogen were registered. Afforestation considerably increased organic matter content in the studied A-horizons of different land use types. Soil development resulted in a high production of C and N pools under the forest stands, contrary to agricultural land. In general, afforestation caused significant soil acidification. The common tendency of higher acidity of forest soils compared to agricultural ones was documented in the studied case as well. The general tendencies of soil reaction and soil organic matter dynamics at the studied sites are comparable to those in other regions of the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution Of Lead, Zinc And Chromium In The Bottom Deposits Of Lake Sunia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Sidoruk ◽  
Angela Potasznik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Bottom Deposits

Abstract Various elements are accumulated in bottom deposits in concentrations that significantly exceed the levels observed in lake water. Under certain conditions, this can lead to secondary contamination of water, posing threat to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of Pb, Zn and Cr pollutants in the bottom deposits of Lake Sunia. The investigated water body is situated in the Olsztyn Lakeland western part of the Masurian Lakeland), approximately 30 km north of the city of Olsztyn, in the municipality of Swiatki. The lake has a total area of 111.6 ha and a maximum depth of 8.8 m. The inflow to and the outflow from lake are situated in its south-western and north-western part, respectively. The lake features a bay which is separated from the main water body by a shallow zone. Its catchment area comprises mainly agricultural land. The total area of supply of lake is 450 ha of which inflow catchment area is 70 ha. Most of the catchment area is agricultural land (91%), and in particular arable land, the rest of the area (5%) are the barren, and trees (4%). the area of the lake is dominated by power-sandy loam soil in the passing sands and clay loam strong little sandy. In terms of particle size are a summary of the soil that is difficult permeable to water and nutrients. Taking into account the valuation of soil classification in the vast quantities of soil are included in the class IVa, IIIa and IIIb. The average content of organic matter in the lake was determined at 24%. Significant accumulation of organic matter results from intense inflow of biogenic substances from farmed areas in the catchment. The average concentrations of trace elements in the analyzed water body were arranged in the following series: Cr < Pb < Zn, and their ratios were determined at 8.1 < 22.9 < 45.2. Higher levels of heavy metals were observed the profundal zone, whereas lower concentrations of the analyzed elements were noted in littoral zone sediments.

Consequences of land use change on soil organic matter composition and C-P relationships in Amazonian Dark Earth and Acrisol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus A Jarosch ◽  
Luis Carlos Colocho Hurtarte ◽  
Konstantin Gavazov ◽  
Aleksander Westphal Muniz ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earth

&lt;p&gt;The conversion of tropical forest for cassava cultivation is widely known to decrease the soil organic matter (OM) and nutrient contents of highly weathered soils in the tropics. Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) might be more resistant to this process due to their historical anthropogenic amelioration with e.g. charcoal, ceramics and bones, leading to higher soil OM and nutrient concentrations. In this study, we analyzed the effect of land use change on the OM dynamics under tropical conditions and how this is related with P distribution at the microscale, using ADE and an adjacent Acrisol (ACR) as model systems. Soil samples were obtained south of Manaus (Brazil), from a secondary forest and an adjacently located 40-year-old cassava plantation. The land use change induced a severe decrease of organic carbon (OC) concentrations in ADE (from 35 to 15&amp;#160;g&amp;#160;OC&amp;#160;kg&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8209;1&lt;/sup&gt;) while OC in the adjacent ACR was less affected (18 to 16&amp;#160;g&amp;#160;OC&amp;#160;kg&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8209;1&lt;/sup&gt;). The analysis by &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectroscopy showed that the conversion of secondary forest to cassava changed the chemical composition of OM to a more decomposed state (increase of alkyl:O/N-alkyl ratio) in the ADE whereas the OM in ACR changed to a less decomposed state (decrease of alkyl:O/N-alkyl ratio). According to neutral sugar and lipid extraction analyses, land use change led to a larger impact on the microbial-derived and plant-derived compounds in the ADE compared to the ACR. In order to analyze the interactions of OC and P at the microscale, we conducted an incubation experiment with &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C glucose for the analysis with Scanning X-ray Microscopy (SXM) and Nano scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS). In both soil types ADE and ACR, land use change caused a reduction of the total &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C glucose respiration by approximately one third in a 7-days incubation, implying lower microbial activity. Microorganisms in both soil types appear to be more readily active in soils under forest, since we observed a distinct lag time between &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C glucose addition and respiration under cassava planation. This indicated differences in microbial community structure, which we will be assessed further by determining the &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C label uptake by the microbial biomass and the microbial community structure using &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C PLFA analysis. Preliminary results from synchrotron-based STXM demonstrate a distinct arrangement of OM at fine-sized charcoal-particle interfaces. From ongoing NanoSIMS analyses, we expect further insights on the co-localization of P and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-labelled spots at the microscale. Despite the high loss of OC in the ameliorated ADE through land use change, the remaining OM might foster nutrient dynamics at the microscale thanks to charcoal interactions compared to the ACR. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the C and P interactions and how these respond to land use change in highly weathered tropical soils.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Evaluation of Arsenic and Zinc Content in the Soil of a Karst Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6976
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis ◽  
George D. Bathrellos ◽  
Hariklia D. Skilodimou ◽  
Dimitra E. Gamvroula
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
North West ◽  
Total Study Area

Karst features such as polje are highly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic pollution. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the soil quality in the Ioannina polje (north-west Greece) concerning arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn), and delineate their origin as well as compare the As and Zn content in soil with criteria recorded in the literature. For this purpose, the geomorphological settings, the land use, and the soil physicochemical properties were mapped and evaluated, including soil texture and concentrations of aqua-regia extractable As and Zn. The concentration of elements was spatially correlated with the land use and the geology of the study area, while screening values were applied to assess land suitability. The results reveal that 72% of the total study area has a very gentle slope. This relief favors urban and agricultural activity. Thus, the urban and agricultural land used cover 92% of the total area. The spatial distribution for As and Zn in the soil of the study area is located on very gentle slopes and is strongly correlated with the geological parent materials and human-induced contamination sources. Arsenic and Zn can be considered enriched in the soil of the area studied. The median topsoil contents (in mg kg−1) for As (agricultural soil 16.0; urban soil 17.8) and Zn (agricultural soil 92.0; urban soil 95.0) are higher compared to the corresponding median values of European topsoils. Land evaluation suitability concerning criteria given from the literature is discussed. The proposed work may be helpful in the project of land use planning and the protection of the natural environment.

scholarly journals European survey shows poor association between soil organic matter and crop yields

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Wytse J. Vonk ◽  
Martin K. van Ittersum ◽  
Pytrik Reidsma ◽  
Laura Zavattaro ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Farm Survey

AbstractA number of policies proposed to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content in agricultural land as a carbon sink and to enhance soil fertility. Relations between SOM content and crop yields however remain uncertain. In a recent farm survey across six European countries, farmers reported both their crop yields and their SOM content. For four widely grown crops (wheat, grain maize, sugar beet and potato), correlations were explored between reported crop yields and SOM content (N = 1264). To explain observed variability, climate, soil texture, slope, tillage intensity, fertilisation and irrigation were added as co-variables in a linear regression model. No consistent correlations were observed for any of the crop types. For wheat, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between SOM and crop yields in the Continental climate, with yields being on average 263 ± 4 (95% CI) kg ha−1 higher on soils with one percentage point more SOM. In the Atlantic climate, a significant negative correlation was observed for wheat, with yields being on average 75 ± 2 (95%CI) kg ha−1 lower on soils with one percentage point more SOM (p < 0.05). For sugar beet, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between SOM and crop yields was suggested for all climate zones, but this depended on a number of relatively low yield observations. For potatoes and maize, no significant correlations were observed between SOM content and crop yields. These findings indicate the need for a diversified strategy across soil types, crops and climates when seeking farmers’ support to increase SOM.

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