Maternal Transferability of Trauma and Psychosomatic Nation in Sorayya Khan’s Noor

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Hamza Rauf Awan ◽  
Fatima Syeda
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Maternal Trauma ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Essential Questions

Ignored or less voiced representation of victimized mothers may appear in the form of certain explicit psychological reactions within generations. Maternal trauma may seep through generations resulting in a psychologically paralyzed nation. The main concern of this paper is to study Sorayya Khan’s novel Noor to unearth treachery and to unfold unspoken traumas (PTSD) inflicted specifically upon mothers during violent incidents. Mothers have always been the carriers of distortion, loss, violence, abuse and acute callousness, transmitting confused and anxious situations to the next generation. Sorayya Khan’s first novel, Noor, addresses such violence and prejudice, thereby reflecting how such intense traumatic experiences actuate the suffering of mothers. This epic piece of art brings forth the hushed voices of both mothers and children who are marginalized, forgotten, oppressed, traumatized, subjected to dislocation and exposed to violence and sexual assault against the backdrop of war. This research tends to unveil the ways in which mothers have been subjected to trauma to cripple the sound psychological foundations of the community/nation. The main purpose of this essay is to address certain essential questions such as: what in fact trauma is, how war affects the life patterns of society, how the trauma inflicted upon women (Mothers) becomes an irresolvable disorder, how trauma can act as a catalyst for the disruption of all sectors of the society, and finally how inherited trauma gives birth to a traumatized nation. The focal point of this research is to examine and explore the issues faced by the fallen ones (Mothers) during times of war and how these issues become precursors for the future lives of the characters, thereby resulting in a hollow nation.

scholarly journals Sexual Assault and White Matter Hyperintensities Among Midlife Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Thurston ◽  
Karen Jakubowski ◽  
Minjie Wu ◽  
Howard Aizenstein ◽  
Yuefang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Traumatic experiences have been linked to poor mental and physical health. However, there has been little examination of their relationship to neuroimaging markers of cerebrovascular risk. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are markers of brain small vessel disease. WMHs can be detected decades before the onset of dementia and other disorders and can serve as early markers for these brain disorders. We tested whether traumatic experiences were associated with brain WMH volume among midlife women. Methods In the MsBrain study, 145 women (mean age = 59 years) without cardiovascular disease, stroke, or dementia were recruited. Women completed questionnaires [trauma checklist, depression, post-traumatic stress measures]; physical measures [body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP)]; phlebotomy; actigraphy sleep measurement, and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance brain imaging for WMHs. Cross-sectional associations between traumatic experiences and WMH volume were assessed in linear regression models. Covariates were age, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, BP, lipids, preeclampsia, sleep, and additionally depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Results 68% of women endorsed at least one of the traumas assessed. The most common trauma was sexual assault (23% of women). Women with trauma exposure had greater WMH volume than women without trauma [B(SE) = .24 (.09), p = .01, multivariable]. The single trauma most associated with WMH was sexual assault [B(SE) = .25 (.11), p = .02, multivariable]. Results persisted adjusting for depressive or post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions A trauma history, particularly sexual assault, was associated with greater WMH volume controlling for covariates, including depressive and post-traumatic symptoms. Sexual assault may place women at risk for poor brain health.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Traditional and Next Generation IPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nadir Ali ◽  
Madihah Mohd Saudi ◽  
Touhid Bhuiyan ◽  
Azreena Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Intrusion Prevention ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Intrusion Prevention System

Currently, cyber threats and attacks become a main concern among Internet users. To detect and prevent new and unknown attacks, an intelligent intrusion prevention system (IPS) which is better compared with traditional systems is needed. Furthermore, the Next Generation Intrusion Prevention System (NIGPS) is more suitable that could provide an intelligent IPS solution for new and unknown attacks. Therefore, this paper presents the limitation of traditional IPS systems, a comparison between IPS and NIGPS and proposes an enhanced model for NIGPS.  

Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Help-Seeking Victims of Sexual Assault

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ask Elklit ◽  
Dorte M. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in the aftermath of rape and other sexual assault, but the risk factors leading to PTSD following rape have been shown to differ from those related to PTSD following nonsexual assault. This prospective study examined risk factors for PTSD severity in 148 female help-seeking victims of sexual assault. Approximately 70% of the victims experienced significant levels of traumatization, with 45% reporting symptoms consistent with a probable PTSD diagnosis. Regression analyses showed that relationship with the assailant, number of assailants, the nature of the assault, perceived positive social support, support satisfaction, feeling let down by others, and prior exposure to sexual trauma did not significantly predict PTSD severity at the final level of analysis. In accordance with suggestions by Dancu, Riggs, Hearst-Ikeda, and Shoyer (1996), it is suggested that this is partly caused by a very high degree of traumatization in the sample. Instead, previous nonsexual traumatic experiences and negative affectivity accounted for 30% of the variance in PTSD severity. Although more research is needed on risk factors of assault-related PTSD, these findings suggest that although sexual assault is associated with a high degree of PTSD severity, prior nonsexual victimization and high levels of negative affectivity appear to further increase the vulnerability toward developing symptoms of assault-related PTSD.

Latent classes of childhood trauma exposure predict the development of behavioral health outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 3305-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Ballard ◽  
K. Van Eck ◽  
R. J. Musci ◽  
S. R. Hart ◽  
C. L. Storr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Psychiatric Outcomes ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

BackgroundTo develop latent classes of exposure to traumatic experiences before the age of 13 years in an urban community sample and to use these latent classes to predict the development of negative behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodA total of 1815 participants in an epidemiologically based, randomized field trial as children completed comprehensive psychiatric assessments as young adults. Reported experiences of nine traumatic experiences before age 13 years were used in a latent class analysis to create latent profiles of traumatic experiences. Latent classes were used to predict psychiatric outcomes at age ⩾13 years, criminal convictions, physical health problems and traumatic experiences reported in young adulthood.ResultsThree latent classes of childhood traumatic experiences were supported by the data. One class (8% of sample), primarily female, was characterized by experiences of sexual assault and reported significantly higher rates of a range of psychiatric outcomes by young adulthood. Another class (8%), primarily male, was characterized by experiences of violence exposure and reported higher levels of antisocial personality disorder and post-traumatic stress. The final class (84%) reported low levels of childhood traumatic experiences. Parental psychopathology was related to membership in the sexual assault group.ConclusionsClasses of childhood traumatic experiences predict specific psychiatric and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. The long-term adverse effects of childhood traumas are primarily concentrated in victims of sexual and non-sexual violence. Gender emerged as a key covariate in the classes of trauma exposure and outcomes.

“Happier in Daughters than in Sons”: The Children of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonor Plantagenet

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
Miriam Shadis
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Web

This chapter argues that understanding the long-term significance of Alfonso VIII and Leonor of England's political, religious, and dynastic strategies requires considering the lives and careers of their daughters, rather than their sons. Out of this family, it was their daughters who most successfully fulfilled their parents' ambitions. Even as their preference was for a son, Alfonso VIII and Leonor approached the education and rearing of their daughters with care—and obvious success. In particular, the fact that for the first eight years of her life, Berenguela was the acknowledged heir—and then the “mechanism” by which peace was sought with León—established her both in the record and in practice as a viable ruler who would legitimately carry on the dynasty. Ultimately, the web of relations created between Berenguela, Blanca, Urraca, and especially Leonor, with Constanza at Las Huelgas representing a sort of spiritual and domestic focal point, served to strengthen the family, as well as their individual reputations, and provided great resources to the next generation.

scholarly journals Information Sources, Knowledge and Practice Towards HIV/ Hepatitis B Co-Infection In Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 285-297
Author(s):  
Evaristus Adesina ◽  
Oladokun Omojola ◽  
David Imhonopi ◽  
Babatunde Adeyeye ◽  
Charity Ben-Enukora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Attaining the objective of healthy lives and wellbeing Sustainable Development Goal 3 is hinged on effective health communication. This study investigates the information source usage, knowledge, attitude and practices of 200 dwellers of Lagos, Nigeria towards HIV/HBV co-infection. In this cross-sectional study, the simple random sampling method was employed in selecting 200 participants in the most populated local government in Lagos state, Nigeria. Questionnaire instrument was created, to elicit responses on four major areas: uses of information sources, knowledge, attitude, health practice towards HIV/HBV co-infection. Descriptive statistical data in percentages and cross-tabulations were employed. The study indicated that 60.4% of the respondents source for information on HIV/HBV co-infection on television. Furthermore, while 60% noted the co-infection is caused by a virus 48.5% declared that the fear of death will be their main concern if they were diagnosed with the co-infection. The result further reveals that only 26.8% of the sampled respondents have been tested for the co-infection in Lagos State. The study concludes that there is need for the creation of preventive information campaigns for awareness in order to mitigate the rising cases of HIV/HBV co-infection as well as influence persons towards healthy practices. The insight from this study would further provide a focal point of direction to government as well as non-governmental organisations working on HIV/HBV co-infection in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Maternal trauma and fear history predict BDNF methylation and gene expression in newborns

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie R. Pilkay ◽  
Terri Combs-Orme ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Nicole Bush ◽  
Alicia K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maternal Trauma ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Intergenerational Patterns

Trauma and related fear exert significant influence on mental and physical health throughout the lifespan and are associated with intergenerational patterns of development, health, and behavior. DNA methylation and gene expression are involved in our developmental adaptations to our experiences and can be influenced by social interventions. Patterns of DNA methylation and expression of a gene involved in neurodevelopment and psychiatric risk (BDNF) have been linked with childhood trauma. Given the intergenerational patterns of health and behavior, and previous links between childhood trauma and BDNF methylation and expression, this study investigated the potential for maternal history of traumatic experiences to influence development in her newborn, via changes in her newborn’s BDNF methylation and expression. We found that mothers’ trauma history was associated with epigenetic regulation of BDNF in their newborns. Moreover, the association between maternal trauma and BDNF methylation and expression patterns were moderated by newborn sex. Male newborns showed increased BDNF expression with maternal exposure to child abuse (p = .001), and increased BDNF methylation with greater maternal fear (p = .001). Female newborns showed reduced BDNF expression with greater maternal fear (p = .004). Practitioners strive to identify prevention and intervention avenues that will reduce the harmful effects of trauma. Future research should consider the potential for maternal historical trauma experiences to influence offspring DNA methylation and gene expression in a manner that could alter development and inform novel prevention strategies.

Telehealth in the Pacific: Update 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Wame Baravilala
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Health ◽  
National Referral Hospital

In the South Pacific, there have been reports of the Cook Islands getting into Telemedicine with cases being referred from Aitutaki to Rarotonga and then onto a clinical focal point in New Zealand.  The National Referral Hospital in Honiara, Solomon Islands3 was, for several years, using telepathology services where European pathologists were able to report on over 300 cases where specimen slides were prepared in Honiara, digitised then emailed to them for reading.  Despite the opportunities that have been provided, and are available, there is a dearth of publications and reports on telehealth and/or telemedicine use or innovations in the Pacific apart from what was achieved in the late 1990s and early 2000s. What are the possible reasons for this?  Telehealth is established in the Pacific to some extent but it requires the next generation of health professionals to realise its true potential for improving Pacific health.

scholarly journals “You will bear witness for us”: Suppressed Memory and Counterhistory in Marsha Forchuk Skrypuch’s “Hope’s War” (2001)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Mateusz Świetlicki
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
World War ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Bear Witness

Marsha Forchuk Skrypuch’s historical novels and picturebooks for young readers have gained significant commercial and critical recognition in North America. Interestingly, Ukraine, her grandfather’s homeland, has remained the central theme in her works ever since the publication of the picturebook Silver Threads in 1996. The author of this essay argues that by telling the suppressed, untold stories, hence bringing attention to the next-generation memory of the traumatic experiences of Ukrainian Canadians, Skrypuch puts them on the landscape of Canadian collective and cultural memory and challenges the false generalizations attributed to Ukrainians and Ukrainian Canadians in North America after the Second World War. After briefly outlining the history of Ukrainian immigration to Canada, and explaining the roots of the negative stereotypes attributed to Ukrainians, the author analyzes Hope’s War (2001), Skrypuch’s first Ukrainian-themed novel, and shows that by highlighting the unexpected similarities between the experiences of the protagonist’s grandfather, who during the Second World War was a member of the UPA, and the anxieties of contemporary teenagers, Skrypuch evokes empathy in mainstream and diasporic readers and enables the formation of next-generation memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document