INVESTIGATING FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPONENTS AND EFFECT OF BOILING ON SOME SPECIES OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM) SEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Okoronkwo ◽  
M. O. Iwuagwu ◽  
J. C. Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Functional Components

The functional components - phytochemicals, vitamin, proximate, mineral and fatty acid compositions of three different species of sesame seeds: S. orientale, S. radiatum and S. V. Ex. Sudan were evaluated to establish use as functional food. Also the impact of boiling in water as a method of food processing was investigated on the alkaloid and flavonoid as well as vitamin compositions at varying times. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, saponin, tannin and phenol of which S. radiatum recorded the highest percentage of flavanoid (25.333±1.528%) and least percentage alkaloid (35.333±0.577%). The highest vitamin C concentration was observed in S. V. Ex. Sudan (0.0062±0.0002) and vitamin E was highest in S. radiatum (0.1781±0.0006) which also had the highest lipid content of 58.9 + 0.75% indicating highest oil content compared to the other two species. Sesamum V. Ex. Sudan had highest crude fibre of 8.5 + 0.92%. Sesamum radiatum contained highest calcium, magnesium, zinc copper and iron while S. orientale had highest sodium and cobalt. The oil extracted with ethanol contains more different types of fatty acids than the manually extracted oil. There were more different unsaturated fatty acids than saturated ones in the seeds. The Saturated fatty acids (SFA) identified in the oil samples were caproic acid (C6:0) found only in the oil extracted with ethanol but not in the manually extracted one; palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20.0), behenic acid (C22.0), and lignoceric acid (C24.0). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) identified in the samples were myristoleic acid (C14:1) which was found only in the oil extracted with ethanol; palmitoleic acid (C16:1) oleic [C18.1(9)], vaccenic acid [C18.1(11)], eicosenoic acid (C20.1) and erusic acid (C22:1). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) identified in the oil samples were linoleic (C18:2),, alpha linolenic acid (C18:3),, eicosadienoic acid (C20.2), arachidonic (C20.4), dihomo-Y-linolenic (C20.3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6) acids. The oil samples were rich especially in oleic [C18.1(9)] and vaccenic acid [C18.1(11)]. More so, considerable amount of alkaloid, flavanoid and vitamins contents were recorded after a maximum boiling time of thirty minutes for the cooked samples. The presence of these components predisposes these sesame seeds as valuable functional food.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids and Frailty: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Yasutake Tomata ◽  
Yunzhang Wang ◽  
Sara Hägg ◽  
Juulia Jylhävä
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Background: Observational studies have suggested that fatty acids such as higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent frailty. By using Mendelian randomization analysis, we examined the relationship between fatty acids and frailty. Methods: We used summary statistics data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma levels of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (palmitoleic acid, oleic acid), n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), and n-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid), and the corresponding data for frailty index (FI) in 356,432 individuals in the UK Biobank. Results: Although there were no robust associations on the MUFAs or the PUFAs, genetically predicted higher plasma stearic acid level (one of saturated fatty acids) was statistically significantly associated with higher FI (β = 0.178; 95% confidence interval = −0.050 to 0.307; p = 0.007). Such a relationship was also observed in a multivariate MR (β = 0.361; 95% confidence interval = 0.155 to 0.567; p = 0.001). Genetically predicted higher palmitic acid was also significantly associated with higher FI (β = 0.288; 95% confidence interval = 0.128 to 0.447; p < 0.001) in the multivariate MR analysis. Conclusions: The present MR study implies that saturated fatty acids, especially stearic acid, is a risk factor of frailty.

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids Prevent Altered-Muc2 Secretion Induced by Palmitic Acid by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in LS174T Goblet Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Quentin Escoula ◽  
Sandrine Bellenger ◽  
Michel Narce ◽  
Jérôme Bellenger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Impact

Diets high in saturated fatty acids (FA) represent a risk factor for the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, partly through their impact on the epithelial cell barrier integrity. We hypothesized that unsaturated FA could alleviate saturated FA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurring in intestinal secretory goblet cells, and consequently the reduced synthesis and secretion of mucins that form the protective mucus barrier. To investigate this hypothesis, we treated well-differentiated human colonic LS174T goblet cells with palmitic acid (PAL)—the most commonly used inducer of lipotoxicity in in vitro systems—or n-9, n-6, or n-3 unsaturated fatty acids alone or in co-treatment with PAL, and measured the impact of such treatments on ER stress and Muc2 production. Our results showed that only eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids protect goblet cells against ER stress-mediated altered Muc2 secretion induced by PAL, whereas neither linolenic acid nor n-9 and n-6 FA are able to provide such protection. We conclude that EPA and DHA could represent potential therapeutic nutrients against the detrimental lipotoxicity of saturated fatty acids, associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity or inflammatory bowel disease. These in vitro data remain to be explored in vivo in a context of dietary obesity.

scholarly journals Meat in Human Nutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the role of meat in human nutrition. Meat and meat products have been one of the main foodstuffs in human nutrition worldwide for centuries. Type and quantity of consumed meat were influenced by different factors (religion, social status, and offer) in the past. Meat and meat products are the foodstuffs, which are the most important for its composition and nutritive value. People who consume meat are provided with proteins which have balanced ratio of essential amino acids, B complex vitamins, micro elements (iron, zinc, copper) and energy. On the other hand, meat contains significant quantity of fats in which dominate saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. During technological process table salt is added to meat, thereby high concentrations of sodium enter the body.Researches in the last 30 years pay more and more attention to the impact that certain type of meats in human nutrition have on heart diseases and cardiovascular diseases, appearance of high blood pressure, stroke and colon cancer and to possibility if processing procedure would be changed, fats content, cholesterol and sodium would decrease, thus lowering the risk of mentioned diseases. The aim of this paper is to review existing literature for both the risks and benefits of meat consumption, focusing on case-control and prospective studies. Researches in the science of meat and meat technology gave results and meat products are obtained with lower sodium content, lower content of saturated fatty acids and higher content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, meat and meat products will stay the most important foodstuffs in future centuries due to its nutritive, culinary and sensory traits.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENT WITH VIBURNUM SARGENTII K.AND ELEUTHEROCOCCUS ON THE COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PHOSPHOLIPID COMPONENTS OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES EXPOSED TO INTOXICATION WITH NITRIC OXIDES

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Natalya F. Kushnerova ◽  
T. V. Momot ◽  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
S. E. Fomenko ◽  
V. G. Sprygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
The Impact

There are presented results of the study of the impact of intoxication with nitrogen oxides on to the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of erythrocyte membrane in rats. The inhalation exposure with nitrogen oxides was carried out in inoculating chamber with the volume of 100 liters and designed according to the type of chambers by Kurliandsky B.A. with self-cleaning of contained air and regenerating system, specified temperature setttings (20-220С) and the air humidity (40-60%). Intoxication by nitrogen oxides was performed during 6 minutes with a toxicant concentration of 4.3 mg/cu.m. (MAC in atmospheric air amount to 0.4 mg/m3). Water solutions of dry residue from viburnum extract “Kaliphen” and Eleutherococcus extract (alcohol was anticipatorily removed from preparations by evaporating in a vacuum) were administered daily through the tube intragastrically during 2 weeks in a dosage of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight prior to intoxication by nitrogen oxides. The influence of nitrogen oxides was found to be accompanied by the elevation of the level of saturated fatty acids of all kinds and by the decline in unsaturated fatty acids content in the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main structural phospholipids of biomembranes. The redistribution of fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane supposes the changes of its physicochemical properties, lability, and the complexity of the erythrocyte passage through the microvascular bed. Herbal polyphenol preparations Kaliphen and Eleutherococcus improved the survival rate of animals under the preventive administration before intoxication with nitrogen oxides. The introduction of extracts before intoxication is accompanied by the pronounced trend to the restoration of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of erythrocytes membranes. The preventive administration of Kaliphen before intoxication with nitrogen oxides was supposed to offer more pronounced protection of the fatty acids pattern of phospholipid fractions than those following the introduction of Eleutherococcus. The preventive administration of herbal extracts with polyphenol complexes in its contents under exposure to toxic substances is considered to be a the promising direction for research

scholarly journals Soybean Oil-Derived Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Liver Damage in NAFLD Induced by Dietary Cholesterol

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janin Henkel ◽  
Eugenia Alfine ◽  
Juliana Saín ◽  
Korinna Jöhrens ◽  
Daniela Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

While the impact of dietary cholesterol on the progression of atherosclerosis has probably been overestimated, increasing evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol might favor the transition from blunt steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), especially in combination with high fat diets. It is poorly understood how cholesterol alone or in combination with other dietary lipid components contributes to the development of lipotoxicity. The current study demonstrated that liver damage caused by dietary cholesterol in mice was strongly enhanced by a high fat diet containing soybean oil-derived ω6-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (ω6-PUFA), but not by a lard-based high fat diet containing mainly saturated fatty acids. In contrast to the lard-based diet the soybean oil-based diet augmented cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes, presumably by impairing cholesterol-eliminating pathways. The soybean oil-based diet enhanced cholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage and amplified the ensuing oxidative stress, probably by peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in hepatocyte death, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and caused a transition from steatosis to NASH, doubling the NASH activity score. Thus, the recommendation to reduce cholesterol intake, in particular in diets rich in ω6-PUFA, although not necessary to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, might be sensible for patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals The Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Processed Fruit Enriched with Algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ranjbar-Shamsi ◽  
Anousheh Sharifan ◽  
Mozhgan Emtyazjoo ◽  
Maryam Moslehishad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Potential Source

Currently, processed fruits (sour fruit and fruit paste) are consumed as one of the most popular goodies in the some countries, and the position of this product in the food basket of Iranian families is gradually becoming important. Algae are an excellent potential source of natural compounds that can be used as a functional food. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sargassum ilicifolium, Ulva lactuca, and Gracilaria cortica algae at different concentrations (1.5 and 3%) on the chemical and nutritional properties of processed fruit formulations. Fatty acid profiles were measured by gas chromatography. Vitamin contents were measured using HPLC. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was used to measure minerals. In the fatty acid profile, 21 fatty acids including saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and PUFAs were identified. The predominant fatty acids in samples were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. E and B1 vitamins varied from 6.19 to 22.63 mg/g and 5.38–19.10 mg/g in sour fruits and fruit paste, respectively. Among the minerals, iodine was at the highest level in all samples (5.06–607.46 mg/g). In conclusion, these seaweeds can be used as a suitable source of fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins in the formulation of functional processed fruits, which are essential for human health.

scholarly journals Impact of pumpkin seed oil and coffee treatment on the characteristics of semi-hard cheese

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Marijana Blažić ◽  
Elizabeta Kralj ◽  
Marija Agičić ◽  
Irena Perković ◽  
Ivana Kolić
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Pumpkin Seed Oil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hard Cheese

Semi-hard cheese was made from fresh domestic cow milk and treated with pumpkin seed oil and coffee during its ageing. The energy value and composition of the cheese were examined by determining the content of dry matter, minerals, proteins, fat, caffeine and fatty acids. During the ageing period, the cheese was dipped into a sweet, freshly-prepared, high-quality coffee drink and coated with a mixture of milled coffee grains and cold pressed pumpkin seed oil to improve the sensory properties of the cheese, but also to improve its nutritional value. It is considered that treated cheese could have greater nutritional and pro-health properties then untreated cheese, due to nutritional and healing properties of pumpkin seed oil and coffee used during the maturation period. Pumpkin seed oil contains carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, and important unsaturated fatty acids, while coffee is rich in antioxidants and helps in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and high cholesterol. To determine the impact of the treatment, the fatty acid and caffeine contents were determined by the GC-FID and the UPLC-DAD method. The cheese treated with pumpkin seed oil and coffee had a higher amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a lower amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) than the untreated cheese. The proportions of long-chain UFA, such as the C18:2n6c (Omega 6) and the C18:3n3 (Omega 3), were higher in the treated cheese than those in the untreated cheese, as well as the C20:1, the C22:2 and the C24:1, which were not detected in the untreated cheese. Caffeine concentration in the treated cheese was 33.08 mg/L.

Effect of increased levels of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid bioavailability and oxidative stress in rat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Leslie Couëdelo ◽  
Benjamin Buaud ◽  
Hélène Abrous ◽  
Ikram Chamekh-Coelho ◽  
Didier Majou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract We investigated the impact of increased alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dietary levels on its plasma bioavailability and its bioconversion in n-3 long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) during a 60-day kinetics and the oxidative stress potentially associated. Rats were submitted to a normolipidic diet providing 0, 3, 10 and 24% ALA of dietary lipids during a kinetics of 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (nitric oxide (NO) contents and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthation peroxidase (GPx) activities) were studied in the liver and plasma. Data demonstrated that when the diet was deprived in n-3 PUFAs, ALA, (eicosanoic acid) EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels decreased in all lipid fractions of plasma and in red blood cell (RBC) lipids. However when ALA was added in the diet, its bioavailability and its bioconversion in EPA was linearly correlated with the ALA intake (R2=0.98). When the diet provided 10 to 24% ALA in dietary lipids (LA/ALA, 1.6 and 5.5 respectively), ALA and EPA were more broadly packaged in all lipid fractions (triglyceride (TG), cholesterol ester (CE) and free fatty acids (FFA)) of plasma from 15 to 30 days timeframe. However only 3% ALA in the lipid diet was sufficient to promote the maximal bioconversion of ALA in DHA in phospholipid (PL) and TG fractions. Additionally, the improvement of ALA bioconversion in EPA and DHA did not impact the oxidative stress markers wich can limit lipid peroxidation. To conclude, this study demonstrated that 10% ALA in the diet for 15-30 days is the gold diet to promote its bioavailability and its bioconversion in n-3 PUFAs in rat and allowed the greatest levels in plasma and RBCs.

scholarly journals Slaughter yield and fatty acid profiles of fillets of pike (Esox lucius L.) caught before and after spawning

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Zakęś ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko ◽  
Mirosław Szczepkowski ◽  
Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła ◽  
Barbara Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact pike fishing season (before spawning in fall (group A) and after spawning in spring (group B)) had on the slaughter yield and fillet fatty acid profile. The slaughter yield of fillets with skin and skinned fillets from the group B fish was significantly lower (by approximately 7.5% of body weight). The fatty acid profile of the fish meat from the groups examined differed significantly. The fillets of pike caught before spawning were dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), while those from fish caught after spawning had mainly saturated fatty acids (SFA). The share of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the fillets of fish that had spawned was sixfold lower, and the n-3 PUFA differences were nearly ninefold. The content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids in fillets of fish that had spawned was ninefold lower than in those that had not yet done so. Consequently, the ratio of n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA in pike from group A was over three times higher than that in the fish that had spawned (2.61 vs 0.82). Fillets from pike that have spawned are a significantly poorer source of valuable fatty acids for consumers.

scholarly journals Influence of season and feeding intensity on the fatty acid composition of wild cobia (Rachycentron canadum, Linnaeus, 1766) in the Dungun coast, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taofik Ademola Babatunde ◽  
S. M. Nurul Amin ◽  
Fatimah Md Yusoff ◽  
Aziz Arshad ◽  
Yuzine B Esa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Rachycentron Canadum ◽  
The Impact

Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is an important recreational marine fish of growing popularity in the aquaculture industry. Knowledge of the impact of environment on their fatty acids (FAs) utilization may contribute to the understanding their feeding in culture condition especially as cobia is been considered for low salinity culture. This study investigates the variations in the fatty acid contents of cobia from Dungun coast, Malaysia with respect to the changes in seasons and feeding intensity. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) comprised the majority of FAs in muscle, followed by monoenes, total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (n-3) and then total PUFAs (n-6) with no seasonal variation in the quantity. A similar trend was observed in liver but total saturated FAs was significantly higher during the inter-monsoon while total monoenes significantly accumulate during monsoon. During low feeding intensity, there was a significant accumulation of PUFAs (n-6) in the muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Gut content analyses showed that cobia significantly increased the consumption of mollusks during the inter-monsoon (P < 0.05), although bony fishes dominated their diet throughout the year with no significant seasonal differences (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that cobia lipids are composed of a significant quantity of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs, which are considered to have important health benefits. While the environmental variability especially salinity fluctuations and prey abundance that accompany seasonal changes have a significant impact on the nutritional composition of cobia in Malaysian waters, their nutritional quality is maintained.

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