Comparative Evaluation of Bioethanol Production from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) and Cassava (Manihot esculenta)Waste from Warri

Fossil fuel is known to increase greenhouse gas emission which has resulted in serious environmental consequences. This study was designed to determine bioethanol production from pineapple(a fructogenic waste) and cassava (a glucogenic waste). It was also designed to allow a comparative analysis of pure ethanol with ethanol produced from the two food wastes with a view to generate an alternative fuel source. The parameters evaluated were the volume ofbioethanol per 100g of waste, percentage (%) purity of bioethanol produced, pH and auto ignition temperature of bioethanol produced. The values obtained were analyzed using the unpaired student’s t- test where appropriate to determine if there are any significant differences in pure ethanol values for those parameters. The result showed thatrelative to the pure ethanol(control), the auto ignition temperature of ethanol produced from the cassava (Manihot esculenta)and pineapple(Ananas comosus)wastes were significantly (p≤0.05) high. The autoignition temperature of ethanol produced from pineapple waste was slightly higher when compared to bioethanol from cassava waste but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The volume of ethanol produced from cassava waste was slightly lower (p>0.05), when compared to the volume of the same parameter in the pineapple waste. There was a significant (p≤0.05) decreasein pH of ethanolproduced from pineapple waste when compared to that from cassava waste. The % purity of the bioethanol produced from pineapple waste was higher (p>0.05) when compared to that from the cassava waste. The autoignition temperature of the blend of produced bioethanol was slightly reduced(p>0.05) when compared to the auto ignition temperatures of individual ethanol from separate waste. But, relative to the pure ethanol utilized as a control in this study, the autoignition temperature of the blend was significantly (p≤0.05) high. Finally, it was observed that bioethanolobtained from cassava waste (a glucogenic energysource) produced a lower yield involume with a 15.8 v/100g (ml) value while its fructogenic counterpart (pineapple waste) exhibited a slightly lower autoignition temperature effect (33oC). The autoignition temperature of the waste blend (Cassava-Pine) was 30oC when compared to each waste source alone.A combination of both cassava and pineapple waste yielded better fuel properties and iscampaigned in this study for use in the production of biofuel.

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Pressure Sensitivity of HCCI Auto-Ignition Temperature for Oxygenated Reference Fuels

ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2012-92074 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ida Truedsson ◽

Martin Tuner ◽

Bengt Johansson ◽

William Cannella

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Ignition Temperature ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Pressure Sensitivity ◽

Hcci Combustion ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Auto Ignition ◽

Temperature Heat ◽

Pressure Trace

The current research focuses on creating an HCCI fuel index suitable for comparing different fuels for HCCI operation. One way to characterize a fuel is to use the Auto-Ignition Temperature (AIT). The AIT can be extracted from the pressure trace. Another potentially interesting parameter is the amount of Low Temperature Heat Release (LTHR) that is closely connected to the ignition properties of the fuel. The purpose of this study was to map the AIT and amount of LTHR of different oxygenated reference fuels in HCCI combustion at different cylinder pressures. Blends of n-heptane, iso-octane and ethanol were tested in a CFR engine with variable compression ratio. Five different inlet air temperatures ranging from 50°C to 150°C were used to achieve different cylinder pressures and the compression ratio was changed accordingly to keep a constant combustion phasing, CA50, of 3±1° after TDC. The experiments were carried out in lean operation with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.33 and with a constant engine speed of 600 rpm. The amount of ethanol needed to suppress LTHR from different PRFs was evaluated. The AIT and the amount of LTHR for different combinations of n-heptane, iso-octane and ethanol were charted.

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Recent Updates on the Conversion of Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus) to Value-Added Products, Future Perspectives and Challenges

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2221

Author(s):

Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah ◽

Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah ◽

Hasfalina Che Man ◽

Nur Syakina Jamali ◽

Shamsul Izhar Siajam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Value Added ◽

Green Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Pineapple Waste ◽

Protease Enzyme

Pineapple waste accounts for a significant part of waste accumulated in landfill which will further contribute to the release of greenhouse gases. With the rising pineapple demands worldwide, the abundance of pineapple waste and its disposal techniques are a major concern. Exploiting the pineapple waste into valuable products could be the most sustainable way of managing these residues due to their useful properties and compositions. In this review, we concentrated on producing useful products from on-farm pineapple waste and processing waste. Bioenergy is the most suitable option for green energy to encounter the increasing demand for renewable energy and promotes sustainable development for agricultural waste. The presence of protease enzyme in pineapple waste makes it a suitable raw material for bromelain production. The high cellulose content present in pineapple waste has a potential for the production of cellulose nanocrystals, biodegradable packaging and bio-adsorbent, and can potentially be applied in the polymer, food and textile industries. Other than that, it is also a suitable substrate for the production of wine, vinegar and organic acid due to its high sugar content, especially from the peel wastes. The potentials of bioenergy production through biofuels (bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel) and biogas (biomethane and biohydrogen) were also assessed. The commercial use of pineapples is also highlighted. Despite the opportunities, future perspectives and challenges concerning pineapple waste utilisation to value-added goods were also addressed. Pineapple waste conversions have shown to reduce waste generation, and the products derived from the conversion would support the waste-to-wealth concept.

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Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Essential Oils Extracted from Pineapple Waste

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac125.68336844 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 6833-6844

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Pineapple Waste ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Aldehydes And Ketones ◽

United Nations Food

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril), one of the major fruit crops, is mainly used for raw consumption and for industrial juice production, which creates large amounts of residues. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that pineapple waste accounts for between 50 to 65 % of the total weight of the fruit. Industrial pineapple waste is a major source of pollution as important quantities of primary residues are not further processed. Pineapple waste contains bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and essential oils. These phytochemicals can be used in the food industry, medicine and pharmacy, textile, and others. This review highlights essential oil and other bioactive compounds extracted from pineapple waste and the composition of pineapple essential oil. Pineapple peels are the potential raw material for essential oil extraction through various methods. Modern spectrometric methods have shown that essential oil extracted from pineapple waste comprises esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. From this overview, it can be concluded that there is an important need for further research into pineapple waste as a potential source of valuable byproducts, as well as new techniques to studying industrial organic residuals to achieve higher recovery rates of valuable bioactive compounds used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetic and chemical industries as well as for developing new functional foods.

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Auto-ignition Temperature

Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers ◽

10.1002/9781119403647.ch32 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 69-69

Keyword(s):

Ignition Temperature ◽

Auto Ignition

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Potentially Bioactive Metabolites from Pineapple Waste Extracts and Their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities by 1H NMR

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9020173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Awanis Azizan ◽

Ai Xin Lee ◽

Nur Ashikin Abdul Hamid ◽

Maulidiani Maulidiani ◽

Ahmed Mediani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

1H Nmr ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Pineapple Waste ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Promising Source

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) waste is a promising source of metabolites for therapeutics, functional foods, and cosmeceutical applications. This study strives to characterize the complete metabolite profiles of a variety of MD2 pineapple waste extracts. Metabolomics strategies were utilized to identify bioactive metabolites of this variety prepared with different solvent ratios. Each pineapple waste extract was first screened for total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The highest TPC was found in all samples of the peel, crown, and core extracted using a 50% ethanol ratio, even though the results were fairly significant than those obtained for other ethanol ratios. Additionally, crown extracted with a 100% ethanol ratio demonstrated the highest potency in DPPH and NO scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 296.31 and 338.52 µg/mL, respectively. Peel extracted with 100% ethanol exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 92.95 µg/mL. Then, the extracts were analyzed and the data from 1H NMR were processed using multivariate data analysis. A partial least squares and correlogram plot suggested that 3-methylglutaric acid, threonine, valine, and α-linolenic acid were the main contributors to the antioxidant activities, whereas epicatechin was responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Relative quantification further supported that 100% crown extract was among the extracts that possessed the most abundant potential metabolites. The present study demonstrated that the crown and peel parts of MD2 pineapple extracted with 100% ethanol are potentially natural sources of antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors, respectively.

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Automated Auto-Ignition Temperature Measurement with Optical Flame Detection

CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry ◽

10.2533/chimia.2006.856 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 856-857

Author(s):

Pierre Schulz ◽

Anne Dimitrov ◽

Béatrice Mermillon ◽

Alexander Smitha ◽

Franco Ferregutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Measurement ◽

Ignition Temperature ◽

Auto Ignition ◽

Flame Detection

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The effects of coal dust concentrations and particle sizes on the minimum auto-ignition temperature of a coal dust cloud

Fire and Materials ◽

10.1002/fam.2437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 908-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammed Jabbar Ajrash ◽

Jafar Zanganeh ◽

Behdad Moghtaderi

Keyword(s):

Ignition Temperature ◽

Coal Dust ◽

Dust Cloud ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Auto Ignition

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DME as a Potential Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbines: A Numerical Approach to Combustion and Oxidation Kinetics

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Wind Turbine Technology ◽

10.1115/gt2011-46238 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pierre A. Glaude ◽

Rene´ Fournet ◽

Roda Bounaceur ◽

Michel Molie`re

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Heat Input ◽

Ignition Delay ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Ignition Temperature ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Ignition Delay Times ◽

Auto Ignition ◽

Delay Times

Many investigations are currently carried out in order to reduce CO2 emissions in power generation. Among alternative fuels to natural gas and gasoil in gas turbine applications, dimethyl ether (DME; formula: CH3-O-CH3) represents a possible candidate in the next years. This chemical compound can be produced from natural gas or coal/biomass gasification. DME is a good substitute for gasoil in diesel engine. Its Lower Heating Value is close to that of ethanol but it offers some advantages compared to alcohols in terms of stability and miscibility with hydrocarbons. While numerous studies have been devoted to the combustion of DME in diesel engines, results are scarce as far as boilers and gas turbines are concerned. Some safety aspects must be addressed before feeding a combustion device with DME because of its low flash point (as low as −83°C), its low auto-ignition temperature and large domain of explosivity in air. As far as emissions are concerned, the existing literature shows that in non premixed flames, DME produces less NOx than ethane taken as parent molecular structure, based on an equivalent heat input to the burner. During a field test performed in a gas turbine, a change-over from methane to DME led to a higher fuel nozzle temperature but to a lower exhaust gas temperature. NOx emissions decreased over the whole range of heat input studied but a dramatic increase of CO emissions was observed. This work aims to study the combustion behavior of DME in gas turbine conditions with the help of a detailed kinetic modeling. Several important combustion parameters, such as the auto-ignition temperature (AIT), ignition delay times, laminar burning velocities of premixed flames, adiabatic flame temperatures, and the formation of pollutants like CO and NOx have been investigated. These data have been compared with those calculated in the case of methane combustion. The model was built starting from a well validated mechanism taken from the literature and already used to predict the behavior of other alternative fuels. In flame conditions, DME forms formaldehyde as the major intermediate, the consumption of which leads in few steps to CO then CO2. The lower amount of CH2 radicals in comparison with methane flames seems to decrease the possibility of prompt-NO formation. This paper covers the low temperature oxidation chemistry of DME which is necessary to properly predict ignition temperatures and auto-ignition delay times that are important parameters for safety.

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