Impact of Flax Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of Solid and Foamed Geopolymer Concrete

The main objective of this study is to develop the advanced composites for civil engineering applications as material for the building industry, especially for an insulation purpose. The research processes include several steps. Firstly, the prototype elements, such as bricks and elevation elements were performed from eco-friendly composite -flax fiber reinforced geopolymer. The elements were designed to take into consideration for environment. Geopolymers are environmentally friendly, sustainable, and resource efficient, including energy demand. Next, the wall was built from these elements and exposed during the three months in a relevant environment. The main conclusion of the research is that the kind of fibers is important for the mechanical properties of the composite, including the fact that for those different fibers could be more beneficial for different raw materials, giving higher strength properties. The significant influence on the mechanical properties of the composites has the adhesion between fiber and material used as a matrix. The adhesion depends among others on the previous treatment of the fibers.

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Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Quarry Rock Dust Incorporated Steel Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete and Residual Properties after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14226890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 6890

Author(s):

Muhammad Ibraheem ◽

Faheem Butt ◽

Rana Muhammad Waqas ◽

Khadim Hussain ◽

Rana Faisal Tufail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Steel Fibers ◽

Geopolymer Concrete

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of quarry rock dust (QRD) and steel fibers (SF) inclusion on the fresh, mechanical, and microstructural properties of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (SG)-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) exposed to elevated temperatures. Such types of ternary mixes were prepared by blending waste materials from different industries, including QRD, SG, and FA, with alkaline activator solutions. The multiphysical models show that the inclusion of steel fibers and binders can enhance the mechanical properties of GPC. In this study, a total of 18 different mix proportions were designed with different proportions of QRD (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and steel fibers (0.75% and 1.5%). The slag was replaced by different proportions of QRD in fly ash, and SG-based GPC mixes to study the effect of QRD incorporation. The mechanical properties of specimens, i.e., compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, were determined by testing cubes, cylinders, and prisms, respectively, at different ages (7, 28, and 56 days). The specimens were also heated up to 800 °C to evaluate the resistance of specimens to elevated temperature in terms of residual compressive strength and weight loss. The test results showed that the mechanical strength of GPC mixes (without steel fibers) increased by 6–11%, with an increase in QRD content up to 15% at the age of 28 days. In contrast, more than 15% of QRD contents resulted in decreasing the mechanical strength properties. Incorporating steel fibers in a fraction of 0.75% by volume increased the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of GPC mixes by 15%, 23%, and 34%, respectively. However, further addition of steel fibers at 1.5% by volume lowered the mechanical strength properties. The optimal mixture of QRD incorporated FA-SG-based GPC (QFS-GPC) was observed with 15% QRD and 0.75% steel fibers contents considering the performance in workability and mechanical properties. The results also showed that under elevated temperatures up to 800 °C, the weight loss of QFS-GPC specimens persistently increased with a consistent decrease in the residual compressive strength for increasing QRD content and temperature. Furthermore, the microstructure characterization of QRD blended GPC mixes were also carried out by performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

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Influence of treated waste phosphogypsum materials on the properties of ordinary portland cement

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v50i4.25831 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 241-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MS Al Hwaiti

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Ordinary Portland Cement ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Lime Water ◽

Saturation Factor ◽

European Standards ◽

And Control

In this study, treatment of phosphogypsum (PG) with lime-water (LWT), sulphuric acid (SAT), a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 (AWT), PG-water (ST), and PG-limestone (LT) was attempted to purify PG and improve its quality so that it can be used for manufacture of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The treatment of PG removes P2O5, SO3, and MgO impurities into water-leachable phase. Chemical analysis of the treated PG and mechanical properties of OPC mortar after various treatment of PG established improvement of the quality of PG. The purified PG contain less impurities when compared with untreated PG. It was observed that the leachable of P2O5, SO3, and MgO in these samples ranged from 86% to 90%, 69% to 94%, 96% to 99%, respectively, can be achieved using these treatment processes. The major phases Alite (C3S), Belite (C2S), Aluminatetricalcic(C3A), and Tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF), and control ratios Lime Saturation factor (LSF), Aluminum/Iron ratio (AR), and Silica ratio (SR) were measured. These experimental results showed that the C3S, C3A and C4AF, C2S, LSF, AR, and SR contents fulfilled the requirement of the Jordan Standards and European Standards; hence treated PG can be replaced by natural gypsum. The X-ray diffraction analysis of OPC samples showed that C3S and C2S are major mineral phases, C3A and C4AF represent as minor constituents while the CaO and MgO represent as trace phases. The effect of treated PG on the mechanical properties of OPC mortar was investigated. The OPC produced with purified phosphogypsum were found to have strength properties similar to those produced from mineral gypsum thus fulfilling Jordan Standards and European Standards. The present study indicates that the use of PG in OPC manufacture can solve the waste disposal problem thus cleaning our environment at one hand, on the other hand it can save natural raw materials i.e gypsum.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 241-250, 2015

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Applied Rheology as Tool for the Assessment of Chitosan Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2189

Author(s):

Pablo Sánchez-Cid ◽

Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado ◽

María Alonso-González ◽

Alberto Romero ◽

Victor Perez-Puyana

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Gelation Temperature ◽

Key Factor ◽

High Thermal Resistance ◽

Chitosan Hydrogels ◽

Agitation Time

The regeneration of soft tissues that connect, support or surround other tissues is of great interest. In this sense, hydrogels have great potential as scaffolds for their regeneration. Among the different raw materials, chitosan stands out for being highly biocompatible, which, together with its biodegradability and structure, makes it a great alternative for the manufacture of hydrogels. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and characterize chitosan hydrogels. To this end, the most important parameters of their processing, i.e., agitation time, pH, gelation temperature and concentration of the biopolymer used were rheologically evaluated. The results show that the agitation time does not have a significant influence on hydrogels, whereas a change in pH (from 3.2 to 7) is a key factor for their formation. Furthermore, a low gelation temperature (4 °C) favors the formation of the hydrogel, showing better mechanical properties. Finally, there is a percentage of biopolymer saturation, from which the properties of the hydrogels are not further improved (1.5 wt.%). This work addresses the development of hydrogels with high thermal resistance, which allows their use as scaffolds without damaging their mechanical properties.

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STUDY OF RECEIVING WOOD AND PLANT PLASTICS WITHOUT BINDERS IN THE PRESENCE OF CATALYSTS OF POLYOXOMETALLATES TYPE

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.12737/article_5ab0dfc1e37185.35527284 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

Виктор Бурындин ◽

Viktor Buryndin ◽

Лариса Бельчинская ◽

Larisa Belchinskaya ◽

Андрей Савиновских ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Hot Pressing ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plastic Properties

The possibility of obtaining wood and plant plastics without a binder (WP-WB) in the presence of a catalyst of man-ganese-containing sodium vanadomolybdophosphate has been investigated. The use of this catalyst makes it possible to reduce the temperature of hot pressing in closed molds from 1,800°C to 1,600°C. The fractional composition of the initial press raw material influences physical and mechanical properties of WP-WB. Higher values of the plastic properties are obtained by using a 0.7 mm fraction, which is associated with an increased specific surface area of the particles compared to 1.3 mm particles. The results has showed that the samples obtained by using the catalyst have increase in strength properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness) at lower pressing temperature, but reduction of water resistance performance has been observed . This is explained by the increase in the content of functional groups when using a catalyst. The process of obtaining plastic can be broken down into two successive stages: the first is hydrothermal destruction of lignin-carbohydrate complex (initial moisture of the press raw material is 12%, the temperature of hot pressing in closed molds is 160 ... .180 ° C) and partial chemical activation of lignin as a result of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst application; the second stage - formation of plastic with the formation of a network structure due to the formed functional groups. It is established that the values of physical and mechanical properties of WP-WB are higher than those of plastic obtained on the basis of plant raw materials (PP-WB). This can be explained by the fact that lignin of coniferous species has the guaiacylpropane structure, while plant raw material has a hydroxyphenylpropane structure

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Reduction of hazardous incinerated bio-medical waste ash and its environmental strain by utilizing in green concrete

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.239 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Suresh Kumar ◽

M. Muthukannan ◽

R. Kanniga Devi ◽

K. Arunkumar ◽

A. Chithambar Ganesh

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Building Material ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Setting Time ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Toxic Waste ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Environmental Strain ◽

Green Concrete

Abstract Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash (IBWA) is toxic waste material with broad potential (cancer, genetic risk, premature death, permanent disease) to inflict severe health damage for the atmosphere and humans. This waste is disposed of as landfills which contaminate the underground water and environment. The effective way of disposal of IBWA is by utilizing it as a building material which can reduce the hazardous toxic materials. The use of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) combined with IBWA as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been researched for its ability to create a new type of Green Concrete. The physical and chemical properties were observed for the raw materials. IBWA was used at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% replacement by weight for GGBS. Mixing proportions were 1:2.21:3.48 respectively for GGBS, Manufacturing Sand (M-sand), and coarse aggregate. Fresh properties and Mechanical properties were examined on all specimens. The findings show an increase in the setting time and flow of concrete and a decrease in density with improved utilization of IBWA. On the other hand, IBWA replacement for GGBS enhanced the mechanical properties. These results revealed that IBWA could be partially replaced as source material for Geopolymer Concrete. This research may contribute to the reduction of dangerous IBWA as a building material.

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Study on Preparation of Coal Gangue-Based Geopolymer Concrete and Mechanical Properties

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/5117584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Daming Zhang ◽

Fangjin Sun ◽

Tiantian Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Dry Powder ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

Temperature Water ◽

Water Binder Ratio

Alkaline dry powder activator, coal gangue, fly ash, and other raw materials are utilized to prepare coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete. The procedures of making the coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete are illustrated firstly. Also, basic mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and flexural strength of the geopolymer concrete, are studied through mechanical tests. The basic mechanical properties of ordinary concrete and coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete with different activation methods were compared and analyzed. Effects of curing temperature, curing time, water-binder ratio, and sand ratio on the basic mechanical properties of coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete activated by alkaline dry powder were studied. The optimal curing temperature, water-binder ratio, and sand ratio range of coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete activated by alkaline dry powder are obtained, respectively.

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Refractory concrete based on alumina cement out of low-grade raw materials

NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES) ◽

10.17073/1683-4518-2018-9-47-51 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

R. M. Vorozhbiyan ◽

G. N. Shabanova ◽

A. N. Korogodskaya

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Refractory Concrete ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Low Grade ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

Alumina Cement ◽

Technological Factors

The development results are given for the refractory concretes based on the modifed alumina cement with the using of the chemical industry wastes. The quantitative ratio for the near-gravity materials, the technological factors' inﬂuence on the concrete strength, the dependence of its strength properties on the flling aggregate's kind and its curing conditions were defned in the article. It was shown that the physical and mechanical properties of the developed concretes are as good as those of the commercial concretes. According to all technical characteristics this kind of production can be introduced for using as the high temperature vessels' lining material.Ill.6. Ref. 11. Tab. 4.

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Comparison of various methods of flines of flax raw materials used in Kazakhstan

The Journal of Almaty Technological University ◽

10.48184/2304-568x-2020-3/1-21-26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

G. Ye. Kalzhan ◽

M. B. Otynshiyev ◽

B. Zh. Niyazbekov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Linear Density ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Textile Fiber ◽

Optimal Technology ◽

Treated Fiber ◽

Materials Used ◽

Significant Attention

Significant attention in the article is devoted to the study of different technology of the lobe and the physical and mechanical properties of oil flax fiber and primary processing in relation to Kazakhstan. When studying the technology of oil flax fiber soaking, the task was set of separate the fiber from the stems, removal of lignin and pectin-forming substances. The questions of various technologies of the flax stalks are considered. The most optimal technology for producing textile fiber was determined for the conditions of Kazakhstan. Comparative studies of linear density and length of fibers have been carried out. According to the results obtained, the linear density of the fiber in an aqueous medium is 6.7 T, the result of the treated fiber is 3.1 T. That is, the technology used is to remove lignin and pectin from the fiber.

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Structure and properties of ceramic brick colored by manganese-containing wastes

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814302009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 02009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrey Stolboushkin ◽

Danil Akst ◽

Oksana Fomina ◽

Aleksandr Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽

Ceramic Matrix ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Ceramic Brick ◽

Color Code ◽

Decorative Ceramic

The given paper investigates the influence of manganese-containing wastes on bulk coloring and physical and mechanical properties of wall ceramic materials with matrix structure. Conventional research methods to study physical and mechanical properties of ceramic specimens were used in the present study. The structure and phase state of decorative ceramic materials were investigated by means of physical-chemical analysis. Authors suggested the model to form coloring layer in ceramic matrix composites based on argillaceous raw materials and coloring pigment. Macrostructure was studied on ceramic samples manufactured according to the developed method from clay loam of moderate plasticity and wastes of manganese mining. The paper provides results of pilot testing on production of colored ceramic brick. It was found that incorporation of coloring component does not decrease strength properties of ceramic matrix materials. Authors defined the palette and color code for decorative ceramic specimens manufactured with different content of coloring component of manganese mining wastes according to RGB color codes chart.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Granite Waste Powder by Varying the Molarity of Activator on the Mechanical Properties of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym14020306 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 306

Author(s):

Fatheali A. Shilar ◽

Sharanabasava V. Ganachari ◽

Veerabhadragouda B. Patil ◽

Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar ◽

Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Strength Development ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

Industrial waste such as Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Granite Waste Powder (GWP) is available in huge quantities in several states of India. These ingredients have no recognized application and are usually shed in landfills. This process and these materials are sources of severe environmental pollution. This industrial waste has been utilized as a binder for geopolymers, which is our primary focus. This paper presents the investigation of the optimum percentage of granite waste powder as a binder, specifically, the effect of molar and alkaline to binder (A/B) ratio on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Additionally, this study involves the use of admixture SP-340 for better performance of workability. Current work focuses on investigating the effect of a change in molarity that results in strength development in geopolymer concrete. The limits for the present work were: GGBS partially replaced by GWP up to 30%; molar ranging from 12 to 18 with the interval of 2 M; and A/B ratio of 0.30. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum slump was observed for GWP with 60 mm compared to other molar concentration. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum compressive strength (CS) was observed for GWP with 20%, of 33.95 MPa. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum STS was observed for GWP, with 20%, of 3.15 MPa. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum FS was observed for GWP, with 20%, of 4.79 MPa. Geopolymer concrete has better strength properties than conventional concrete. GPC is $13.70 costlier than conventional concrete per cubic meter.

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