scholarly journals Reduction of hazardous incinerated bio-medical waste ash and its environmental strain by utilizing in green concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suresh Kumar ◽  
M. Muthukannan ◽  
R. Kanniga Devi ◽  
K. Arunkumar ◽  
A. Chithambar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Environmental Strain ◽  
Green Concrete

Abstract Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash (IBWA) is toxic waste material with broad potential (cancer, genetic risk, premature death, permanent disease) to inflict severe health damage for the atmosphere and humans. This waste is disposed of as landfills which contaminate the underground water and environment. The effective way of disposal of IBWA is by utilizing it as a building material which can reduce the hazardous toxic materials. The use of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) combined with IBWA as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been researched for its ability to create a new type of Green Concrete. The physical and chemical properties were observed for the raw materials. IBWA was used at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% replacement by weight for GGBS. Mixing proportions were 1:2.21:3.48 respectively for GGBS, Manufacturing Sand (M-sand), and coarse aggregate. Fresh properties and Mechanical properties were examined on all specimens. The findings show an increase in the setting time and flow of concrete and a decrease in density with improved utilization of IBWA. On the other hand, IBWA replacement for GGBS enhanced the mechanical properties. These results revealed that IBWA could be partially replaced as source material for Geopolymer Concrete. This research may contribute to the reduction of dangerous IBWA as a building material.

Alternative Concrete – Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Alkali Activated

Concrete is the most versatile, durable and reliable material and is the most used building material. It requires large amounts of Portland cement which has environmental problems associated with its production. Hence, an alternative concrete – geopolymer concrete is needed. The general aim of this book is to make significant contributions in understanding and deciphering the mechanisms of the realization of the alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete and, at the same time, to present the main characteristics of the materials, components, as well as the influence that they have on the performance of the mechanical properties of the concrete. The book deals with in-depth research of the potential recovery of fly ash and using it as a raw material for the development of new construction materials, offering sustainable solutions to the construction industry.

Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks Using Foaming Agent - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Development

Bricks are widely used as a construction and building material due to its properties. Recent years have seen a great development in new types of inorganic cementitious binders called ‘‘geopolymeric cement’’ around the world. This prompted its use in bricks, which improves the greenness of ordinary bricks. The development of fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight bricks is relatively new in the field of construction materials. This paper reviews the uses of fly ash as a raw materials and addition of foaming agent to the geopolymeric mixture to produce lightweight bricks. The effects on their physical and mechanical properties have been discussed. Most manufactured bricks with incorporation of foaming agent have shown positive effects by producing lightweight bricks, increased porosity and improved the thermal conductivities of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks. However, less of performances in number of cases in terms of mechanical properties were also demonstrated.

Properties of slag geopolymer concrete modified with fly ash and silica fume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafez Elsayed Elyamany ◽  
Abd Elmoaty Mohamed Abd Elmoaty ◽  
Abdul Rahman Ahmed Diab
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Initial Setting Time ◽  
Initial Setting ◽  
Additional Water

This research focused on the role of fly ash and silica fume on slag geopolymer concrete through investigating workability (slump, and slump loss), initial setting time, final setting time, and mechanical properties of slag geopolymer concrete, S-GPC, (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) in addition to SEM (Scanning electron microscope), and X-Ray analysis. The considered variables included, fly ash (FA) content as a replacement of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GS) (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 %), presence of silica fume (SF) as a replacement of slag, concentration of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, (molarity: 10M, 16M, and 18M), additional water content (7.5,11,14, and 20 %), and curing type (thermal, air, and water curing). S-GPC yielded rapid stiffening and high slump loss with high mechanical properties. The use of silica fume or fly ash or a mix of them enhanced workability, decreased rate of slump loss, and delayed setting time. ACI 318 equation over estimates splitting tensile strength of FS-GPC.

scholarly journals Study on Preparation of Coal Gangue-Based Geopolymer Concrete and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Daming Zhang ◽  
Fangjin Sun ◽  
Tiantian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

Alkaline dry powder activator, coal gangue, fly ash, and other raw materials are utilized to prepare coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete. The procedures of making the coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete are illustrated firstly. Also, basic mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and flexural strength of the geopolymer concrete, are studied through mechanical tests. The basic mechanical properties of ordinary concrete and coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete with different activation methods were compared and analyzed. Effects of curing temperature, curing time, water-binder ratio, and sand ratio on the basic mechanical properties of coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete activated by alkaline dry powder were studied. The optimal curing temperature, water-binder ratio, and sand ratio range of coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete activated by alkaline dry powder are obtained, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of an innovative one part green concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ourania Tsioulou ◽  
Andreas Lampropoulos ◽  
Kyriacos Neocleous ◽  
Nicholas Kyriakides ◽  
Thomaida Polydorou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Alkali Activator ◽  
Geopolymer Matrix

<p>Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials. However, the main drawbacks in the use of concrete are related to the use of cement and subsequently the high percentage of carbon dioxide emissions. The use of cement substitutes is an area where there is a lot of ongoing research. Geopolymer concrete is a concrete in which cement is replaced by waste materials such as Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), or Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS). To activate the geopolymerisation, an alkali activator is used. The procedure, which is used for the production of a geopolymer concrete, is normally a two-part procedure: Preparation of the alkali activator one day before the mixing and mixing of the aluminosilicate sources (PFA, GGBS) with the activator. To make the production of geopolymers more user friendly it needs to be converted to one part procedure where water will be added in a readymade mix. In the published literature, there is research on one- part geopolymers, but there are limited studies on the use of demolition waste materials as substitution of PFA and GGBS in this type of materials. With the current study, different sources of raw materials focusing on demolition waste materials such as red bricks and reclaimed concrete, which are commonly used in construction worldwide, will be examined for the production of one- part geopolymer. The major aim of this research proposal is to develop an innovative sustainable one-part cement free geopolymer concrete. The new concrete is a “green” concrete where cement is replaced by waste materials. Construction demolition materials such as red bricks can be used as raw materials in the geopolymer matrix. This project will focus on the selection, characterisation and development of the appropriate processing of these red bricks so as they can be used as raw materials in the geopolymer matrix. Also, the development of one part mix where the new concrete will be ready for use by adding only water in it, is another aim of the proposed project.</p>

The effect of chemical composition on the biodegradation rate and physical and mechanical properties of polymer composites with lignocellulose fillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
V.V. Glukhikh ◽  
◽  
A.E. Shkuro ◽  
P.S. Krivonogov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Renewable Materials

The results of TPLC scientific research, practical experience of their preparation, and application as of 2016 are presented in eight volumes of the “Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials” (2017, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). This article provides an analysis of books and articles with open access to the Science Direct (Elsevier) database for the period 2017–2020 to assess the biodegradation rate and physical and mechanical properties of polymer composites with lignocellulosic fillers. The production and use of polymer composites with a thermoplastic polymer matrix and lignocellulosic fillers (TPLC) have significant ecological and eco- nomic prospects since waste biomass from forests, agriculture, and polymers obtained from petroleum raw materials can be used for their production. However, depending on the TPLC application area, there are opposite requirements for the biodegradation rate. For the use in construction and medicine materials and products must have a minimum biodegradation rate. Materials and products for single-use packaging must have the necessary biodegradability potential and have an adjusted biodegradation rate in soil, water, compost environment. Research results show that the properties of TPLC can be significantly influenced not only by the physical but also by the chemical structure of all components of these composites. The chemical properties of polymers, fillers, additives for various purposes can affect their industrial production efficiency.

Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Composite of Chitosan Microspheres/Calcium Phosphate Cement

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1654-1657
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Li Min Dong ◽  
Qing Feng Zan ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jie Mo Tian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Chitosan Microspheres ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement

The aim of this work is to improve the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) by appending chitosan microspheres to CPC base. That chitosan degrades rapidly than bone cement has been proved by previous investigations. Porous CPC has low compressive strength because of the pores in it weakening the structure. Additive chitosan microspheres can improve the mechanical properties by bearing the compress with the CPC base and produce pores after degradation. This study investigates the effect of chitosan microspheres on the setting time, mechanical properties, phase evolution and morphology of CPC. The additive proportion of chitosan microspheres ranges from 0 wt% to 30 wt%. Compared with original CPC, the modified CPC has higher compressive strength, without significantly affecting the chemical properties. The phase composition of the CPC is tested by XRD. The microstructures of CPC are observed using SEM. The final setting times range from 5~15 minutes and can be modulated by using different liquid and powder (L/P) ratio.

scholarly journals Comparative Microstructural Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Enhanced with Graphite and Graphene Compound

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
P. Sudheer ◽  
Dr S. Chandramouli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present study is based on nano technology and came up with the idea of introducing nanoparticles in the raw materials used for construction. Nano materials are available in three principal shapes 0, 1 and 2 Dimensional nanoparticles. 0D and 1D nanofibers are such as carbon nanotubes and nanosilica compounds. This study has investigated the physical and chemical properties of graphite and graphene compound and its applicability in construction industry.  Graphene has created interest as it is believed to improve the strength of concrete allowing the possibility of controlling properties of concrete. In this work graphene is used as a reinforcing additive in cement-based mortar and concrete. Own Graphene compound is prepared using conventional graphite and concentrated hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory due to the unavailability of graphene. As a part of microstructural investigation, SEM and EDS analysis on graphite and graphene compounds before and after implementation are carried out in the laboratory. Then the two compounds are replaced as a part of small percentage in cement mortar cubes casted for various proportions. The mechanical properties of cement-based composites are studied after incorporating of graphite and graphene compounds at low dosages in concrete and then the results are compared. 

Effect of Alkaline Activator Ratio to Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Trass as Filler

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puput Risdanareni ◽  
Januarti Jaya Ekaputri ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Closed Porosity ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Test Result

This paper describes the effect of alkaline activator ratio (Na2SiO3/NaOH) to mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete were assessed by setting time, split tensile strength and porosity. Fly ash was used as a cement substitute, and trass used as filler. While, Natrium hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) was applied as alkaline activator. In this study, NaOH concentration eight and ten molar with an alkaline activator ratio Na2SiO3/ NaOH by mass: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 were used. The test result showed that setting time, porosity and split tensile strength of geopolymer concrete were hardly influenced by NaOH concentration and the alkaline activator ratio. The alkaline activator ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH has an optimum value at 2 and 2.5. Test result showed that the fastest setting time was 25 minute, the highest amount of closed porosity was 9.035 % and the highest split tensile strength was 2.86 MPa.

scholarly journals Impact of Flax Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of Solid and Foamed Geopolymer Concrete

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Korniejenko ◽  
Michał Łach ◽  
Maria Hebdowska-Krupa ◽  
Janusz Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Advanced Composites

The main objective of this study is to develop the advanced composites for civil engineering applications as material for the building industry, especially for an insulation purpose. The research processes include several steps. Firstly, the prototype elements, such as bricks and elevation elements were performed from eco-friendly composite -flax fiber reinforced geopolymer. The elements were designed to take into consideration for environment. Geopolymers are environmentally friendly, sustainable, and resource efficient, including energy demand. Next, the wall was built from these elements and exposed during the three months in a relevant environment. The main conclusion of the research is that the kind of fibers is important for the mechanical properties of the composite, including the fact that for those different fibers could be more beneficial for different raw materials, giving higher strength properties. The significant influence on the mechanical properties of the composites has the adhesion between fiber and material used as a matrix. The adhesion depends among others on the previous treatment of the fibers.

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