scholarly journals PREPARATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA (WILD) MIERS EX. HOOK F. & THOMS.: AN AYURVEDA FORMULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1612-1617
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Jatoliya ◽  
Govind Sahay Shukla ◽  
Rajaram Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Soft Drug ◽  
Suitable Form

Guduchi is an important Rasayan drug in Ayurveda. It is used different dosage forms to cure diseases. Guduchi is described in our classics to cure the various types of diseases i.e., Kamala, prameha, vatrakata, etc. it is used by the patient there in a suitable form. So, the requirement of the patient and good palatable, it is converted into a suitable form by using various types of methods. In Ayurveda, five major Kalpana which are called Pancvidha Kashaya Kalpana is described first in Charak Samhita. Another minor Kalpana like vati, churna, ghana, sandhan Kalpana is derived from panchvidha kashaya Kalpana. Guduchi Ghana is an important and unique preparation of Ayurveda. It is prepared from an aqueous extract of Guduchi. It is the secondary Kalpana which is derived from the primary Kalpana kwatha. In the present study preparation of Guduchi Ghana according to classical text “Siddha Yoga Sangraha” by Acharya Yadavji Trikamji. Guduchi is a soft drug so, water has been taken for the preparation of kwatha is four-time to Guduchi Dravya. When a confirmatory test of kwatha or reduced 1⁄4, it was filtered with the help of the cloth. After filtered, it was kept on the heat for preparation of Ghana. End of the whole procedure, the dark brown and sticky nature of Ghana was obtained. It is bitter and not specific smell. It has taken 5-6 hrs to complete the process. In the initial raw material has been taken 1.5 kg and the final product is obtained about 105gm. Keywords: Guduchi, Rasayan, Prameha, Kashaya Kalpana, Kwatha. etc.

Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Enhanced Secretion

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Methods: The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and liver inflammation parameters. Results: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover, AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate. Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Sulpiride and Impurities of 2-Aminomethyl-1-Ethylpyrrolidine and Methyl-5-Sulphamoyl-2-Methoxybenzoate in Pharmaceuticals by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and Scanning Densitometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Agbaba ◽  
Tatjana Miljkovic ◽  
Valentina Marinkovic ◽  
Dobrila Zivanov-Stakic ◽  
Sote Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A simple and reliable thin-layer chromatographic method for determining sulpiride and impurities of 2-aminomethyl-1-ethylpyrrolidine and methyl-5-sulphamoyl-2-methoxybenzoate was developed and validated. A methylene chloride–methanol–ammonia solution (25%; 18 + 2.8 + 0.4, v/v) solvent system is used for separation and quantitative evaluation of chromatograms. The chromatographic plate is first scanned at 240 nm to locate chromatographic zones corresponding to sulpiride and methyl-5-sulphamoyl-2-methoxybenzoate. Then 2-aminomethyl-1-ethylpyrrolidine is derivatized in situ with ninhydrin, and resulting colored spots are measured at 500 nm. The method is reproducible and convenient for quantitative analysis and purity control of sulpiride in its raw material and in its dosage forms.

scholarly journals Production of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Concentrate Tablets from Sardinella sp. Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Rodiah Nurbaya Sari ◽  
Hari Eko Irianto ◽  
Ema Hastarini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Dosage Forms ◽  
Fixed Angle ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Size Uniformity

Tablets are medicinal ingredients in solid dosage forms which are usually prepared with suitable pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil was used as raw material and then it was microencapsulated. The microcapsule was formulated into a tablet with proportion of 250 mg concentrated unsaturated fatty acids for each 450 mg tablet. Tablet granules were analyzed for compressibility, flow rate, and fixed angle. While, the tablets were determined for weight uniformity, released time, hardness, and tablet size uniformity. The results showed that compressibility, flow rate and fixed angle of the tablet granules were 5.6%; 10.36 g/sec; and 32.4° respectively. Tablets had 447.85 mg weight uniformity; 48’12” released time; and 0.775 kg hardness. In addition, the tablet size uniformity with diameter 10 mm and thickness 4 mm was 2.5. Based on the pharmacopoeia, the tablets of unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil had met these requirements, but optimization was still needed for improving the released time and hardness of the tablet.

scholarly journals TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA AQUEOUS EXTRACT AMELIORATES THE SYSTEMIC INFECTION OF ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS IN BALB/C MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASOOD A KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Fungal Burden

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the antifungal activity of Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract (TCAE) against Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Methods: TCAE was tested for in vitro antifungal activity against the isolates of A. fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. To evaluate in vivo activity, various doses (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) of TCAE were orally administered in A. fumigatus-infected mice for 7 days. The combination of prophylactic and therapeutic effect of TCAE was assessed by pre-treating the mice with 10 mg/kg of TCAE for 3 consecutive days before exposing them to A. fumigatus. Mice were treated with 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses of TCAE for 7 consecutive days’ post-A. fumigatus infection. The effectiveness of TCAE was evaluated by monitoring the survival rate and assessing the fungal burden in the kidney of the treated mice. Results: A. fumigatus-infected mice treated with TCAE at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg exhibited 50% and 20% survival rate, respectively, observed on day 40 post-treatment. Like to the survival data, the fungal burden was also found to be the lowest in the kidney of mice treated with TCAE at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The results showed that pre-treatment with TCAE (10 mg/kg) followed by post-infection treatment with 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg of TCAE for 7 days resulted in 40%, 50%, and 70% survival rate, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that TCAE may potentially be considered for its possible use in the treatment of the systemic infection of A. fumigatus.

scholarly journals Modification of Kakubhadi Churna into malahara and its physicochemical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-872
Author(s):  
Neha Semwal ◽  
Rakshitha D ◽  
Govinda Sharma K
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physico Chemical

Samskara is the process of modification of Guna of a given substance which is responsible for conversion of a raw material into medicine. These Samskara are responsible for the change in quality and property of any medicine. Primary preparations of Bhaisajya Kalpana known as Panchavidha kashaya Kalpana are modified into secondary dosage forms like Vati, Avaleha, Malahara, Sneha kalpana etc in order to achieve better shelf life, easy administration and palatability. Churna kalpana is an Upkalapana of Kalka kalpana, it is mentioned to be used in many disease conditions. One among these is Kakubhadi churna, which is indicated to be sprinkled externally on Dushta Vrana. As this method of application is cumbersome and not patient friendly, an attempt has been made to modify Kakubhadi churna into Malahara. Malahara is similar to ointments and creams in modern pharmaceutics. When compared to Churna, it has as an extended shelf life and also drugs in the form of Malahara are easy to apply and store. Taking all this under consideration, present study was taken up to modify Kakubhadi churna into Malahara. Physico chemical analysis of prepared Churna and Malahara was also done to achieve preliminary standard.

scholarly journals Uricosuric activity of Tinospora cordifolia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Palak A. Shah ◽  
Gaurang B. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Potassium Oxonate

<p class="Abstract">Uricosuric activity of different extracts of <em>Tinospora cordifolia</em> was studied in hyperuricemia induced in albino Wistar rat using potassium oxonate. The uric acid level in serum and urine were measured.  Uricosuric activity was also evaluated using phenol red dye excretion model.  Phenol red levels were measured in blood. In potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemia, probenecid, aqueous, hydro-alcoholic, dichloromethane extract and galo satwa (starch of <em>T. cordifolia</em>) significantly lowered the serum uric acid levels. All the extracts increased uric acid excretion and decreased the elevated serum uric acid levels induced due to potassium oxonate. Probenecid, aqueous extract and galo satwa significantly increased fractional excretion of uric acid and phenol red levels in blood indicating uricosuria. Polysaccharides in aqueous extract and galo satwa may be responsible for uricosuric action.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clips</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/t7ok0iHx8pM">Preparation of extracts</a>                             4 min 22 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/jUyQMEa8rBg">Prepared extracts</a>                                            26 sec      </p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/cnxmo69V550">Potassium oxonate induced hyperurecimia</a>   1 min 46 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/A4s8bdqVrls">Injection of red phenol into tail vein</a>                    52 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/aZf3jyKDMUM">Collection of blood</a>                                           16 sec</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/TVbBi-B7xPk">Estimation of uric acid</a>                             1 min 44 sec</p><p> </p>

A Comparative Chemometric Study for Quantitative Determination of Duloxetine Hydrochloride in the Presence of its Toxic Impurity 1-Naphthol

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma H. Anwar ◽  
Nessreen S. Abdelhamid ◽  
Maimana A. Magdy ◽  
Ibrahim A. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Duloxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Duloxetine hydrochloride (DUL) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It is used for treating depression and anxiety. It is available in the market as a capsule called Cymbatex®, which is used for the treatment of depression. 1-naphthol is a potential impurity of DUL. It is hepatotoxic to humans and has potential toxicity to freshwater fish. Objective: Duloxetine hydrochloride was determined in the presence of its toxic impurity 1-naphthol in raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms using three multivariate calibration chemometric methods. Methods: Classical Least Squares (CLS), Partial Least-Squares (PLS) and linear support vector regression (SVR) were developed using UV spectral data. The three methods were compared among each other and the advantages and disadvantages were discussed. For good results, a two-factor four-level experimental design was used, resulting in a training set of 16 mixtures containing different ratios of each component. The test set consisting of nine mixtures was necessary to test the ability of the proposed methods to predict DUL in the presence of its impurity, 1-naphthol. Results: The results show the success of the three developed methods to determine DUL in the presence of small levels of its toxic impurity with good accuracy and selectivity. The results of the dosage form were compared statistically to that of the reported HPLC method, with no significant difference in accuracy and precision. Conclusion: The suggested calibration models are suitable for routine analysis of the drug in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Compared to the CLS and PLS models, the SVR model gives the best results regarding the accuracy with a lower prediction error and better generalization ability. However, the CLS and PLS models are found to be simpler and faster in usage and management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Garlic Peel Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Stacia Andani Fortunata ◽  
Della Rahmawati ◽  
Dylan Andika
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Garlic Peel

Garlic plant has been known to have various beneficial properties beside as a condiment. However, the garlic peel is still considered as waste and the research of its functional properties are still very limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential phytochemical activities of garlic peel extract which might be utilized as natural food additive or even functional ingredient in the future. The experiment was divided to two phases. The first phase identifies and compares the phytochemical content and activities between aqueous and ethanolic extract. The presence of saponins was detected along with the absence of alkaloids on both aqueous and ethanolic extract. The aqueous extract possessed lower flavonoid content, higher phenolic content and stronger antioxidant activity compared to the ethanolic peel extract. Ethanolic extract did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against S.cerevisiae, while aqueous extract showed the activity against S.cerevisiae. Moreover, both types of extract also did not show any α-glucosidase inhibition activity. In the second phase, optimization attempts for extraction method were done and it was found that the highest amount of antioxidant activity along with flavonoid and phenolic content could be obtained by changing the raw material-solvent ratio to 20 gr/1000ml.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document