scholarly journals Ore-magmatic systems of the copper-porphyry type of the Greater Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-147
Author(s):  
С.Г. Парада
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Porphyry Deposits ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Copper Porphyry ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Middle Paleozoic ◽  
Porphyry System ◽  
Granitoid Intrusions

Статья посвящена выявлению особенностей геологического строения и минерагении Танадон-Сангутидон-Казбекского района проявлений медно-порфировых минерализаций Центральной части Большого Кавказа и оценке соответствия геологических обстановок оруденения современным моделям рудно-магматических систем медно-порфирового типа. Актуальность работы определяется необходимостью разработки научно-методической основы прогнозирования и поисков скрытого оруденения. Цель исследования.Выявить особенности геологии и минерагении Танадон-Сангутидон-Казбекского рудного района и установить соответствие обстановок оруденения современным моделям рудно-магматических систем медно-порфирового типа. Методы. Сравнительно-геологический и металлогенический анализ на основе современных геоинформационных технологий в среде программного комплекса ArcGIS. Результаты. Установлено, что рудно-магматические системы исследуемого района соответствуют геолого-структурной позиции медно-порфировых месторождений. Изученный район объединяет группу медно-порфировых рудно-магматических систем, связанных с малыми гранитоидными интрузиями теплинского плиоцен-плейстоценового комплекса. Здесь также отмечаются рудопроявления вольфрама, мышьяка, золота, сурьмы и др., составляющие единый генетический ряд, в котором медно-порфировое оруденение занимает вполне определенную позицию, – приурочено к порфировой фазе новейшего интрузивного магматизма. Сопоставление обстановок проявления позднекайнозойского оруденения и его характеристик в пределах изученных рудоносных площадей с основными элементами типовой модели медно-порфировой системы позволяет рассматривать Сангутидонский, Теплинский и Танадонский рудные узлы как выражение надстраивающих друг друга по вертикали частей единой рудно-магматической системы медно-порфирового ти­па. Продук­тивная на медно-порфировое оруденение новейшая гранит-гранодиоритовая формация Большого Кавка­за образовалась в условиях повторноорогенного режима активизации региона и наложена на его гетерогенный субстрат. Последний в пределах изучаемого района характеризуется двухэтажным стро­ением и состоит из нижне-среднеюрского вулканогенно-осадочного комплекса чехла и доюрского основания, в котором главную роль иг­рают докембрий – нижне-среднепалеозойские метаморфические тол­щи кристаллического фундамента Большого Кавказа, прорванные пале­озойскими гранитоидами Главного хребта. Состав поздненеогеновых гранитоидов находится в зависимости от состава субстрата, как на глубинных уровнях его анатектического плавления, так и на путях подъема образованных при этом магм. В этой связи повышенная основность гранитоидов полифазного теплинского комплекса, сформированных в гипабиссальных и субвулканических условиях, обусловлена более высокой по сравнению с соседними блоками степенью мафичности субстрата исследуемого района, включающего ряд базальтоидных или близких к ним по составу толщ The article is devoted to the identification of the features of the geological structure and mineralogy of the Tanadon-Sangutidon-Kazbek district of the manifestations of copper-porphyry mineralization in the Central part of the Greater Caucasus and the assessment of the correspondence of the geological conditions of mineralization to modern models of ore-magmatic systems of the copper-porphyry type. The relevanceis determined by the need to develop a scientific and methodological basis for forecasting and searching for hidden mineralization. Aim. To identify the features of the geology and mineralogy of the Tanadon-Sangutidon-Kazbek ore region and to establish the correspondence of the mineralization conditions to modern models of ore-magmatic systems of the copper-porphyry type. Methods.Comparative geological and metallogenic analysis based on modern geoinformation technologies in the environment of the ArcGIS software package. Results. It is established that the ore-magmatic systems of the studied area correspond to the geological and structural position of copper-porphyry deposits. The studied area unites a group of copper-porphyry ore-magmatic systems associated with small granitoid intrusions of the Teplinsky Pliocene-Pleistocene complex. There are also ore occurrences of tungsten, arsenic, gold, antimony, etc., which make up a single genetic series, in which copper-porphyry mineralization occupies a well - defined position-it is timed to the porphyry phase of the latest intrusive magmatism. The comparison of the conditions of the Late Cenozoic mineralization and its characteristics within the studied ore-bearing areas with the main elements of the typical model of the copper-porphyry system allows us to consider the Sangutidon, Teplinsky and Tanadon ore nodes as an expression of the parts of a single ore-magmatic system of the copper-porphyry type superstructuring each other vertically. The newest granite-granodiorite formation of the Greater Caucasus, which is productive for copper-porphyry mineralization, was formed under the conditions of a repeated-rhogenic regime of activation of the region and superimposed on its heterogeneous substrate. The latter within the studied area is characterized by a two-story structure and consists of the Lower-Middle Jurassic volcanogenic-sedimentary complex of the cover and the Pre - Jurassic base, in which the main role is played by the Precambrian-Lower-Middle Paleozoic metamorphic strata of the crystalline basement of the Greater Caucasus, broken by Paleozoic granitoids of the Main Ridge. The composition of Late Neogene granitoids depends on the composition of the substrate, both at the deep levels of its anatectic melting, and on the ascent paths of the magmas formed during this process. In this regard, the increased basicity of granitoids of the polyphase Teplinsky complex formed under hypabyssal and subvolcanic conditions is due to a higher degree of maficity of the substrate of the studied area, which includes a number of basaltoid or similar strata in composition, compared to neighboring blocks.

On the possible analogy between the Dizi Series of the Southern slope zone of the Greater Caucasus and the folded basement of the plain Crimea: composition, metamorphism, magmatism and age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irakli Javakhishvili ◽  
David Shengelia ◽  
Tamara Tsutsunava ◽  
Giorgi Chichinadze ◽  
Giorgi Beridze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Greenschist Facies ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Quartz Syenite ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Geological Conditions

<p>The Dizi Series is exposed within the Southern slope zone of the Greater Caucasus that occurs as a complex geological structure, which constitutes an integral part of the Mediterranean (Alpine-Himalayan) collisional orogenic belt. It is built up of terrigenous and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks faunistically dated from the Devonian to Triassic inclusive (Somin, 1971; Somin, Belov, 1976; Kutelia 1983). Most of them are metamorphosed under conditions of chlorite-sericite subfacies of the greenschist facies of regional metamorphism (chlorite-phengite-albite±quartz, graphite-sericite-quartz phyllites and marbleized limestones), and only a minor part represented by clay-carbonaceous, phengite-chlorite-carbonaceous and prehnite-chlorite-carbonate schists underwent anchimetamorphism (Shengelia et al., 2015). The Dizi Series is intruded by numerous magmatic bodies of gabbro-diabases, diabases, diorites, diorite-porphyries, syenites, monzo-syenites and granitoids. The age of the intrusions was defined by K-Ar method at 176-165 Ma (Dudauri, Togonidze, 1998) and by U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon dating at 166.5 ± 4.6 Ma (authors` unpublished data) and corresponds to the Bathonian orogeny. The Middle Jurassic intrusions caused intense contact metamorphism of the rocks of the Dizi Series resulted in the formation of various hornfelses containing andalusite, cordierite, corundum, biotite, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, clinozoisite, hornblende, cummingtonite, clinopyroxene, wollastonite and scapolite. These rocks correspond to albite-epidote-hornfels, andalusite-biotite-muscovite-chlorite-hornfels and andalusite-biotite-muscovite-hornfels subfacies of the contact metamorphism (Javakhishvili et al., 2020). The analogues of the Dizi Series rocks have not previously been established either in the Greater Caucasus or in the neighboring regions. In our view, Paleozoic rocks similar to the Dizi Series occur under the Cretaceous and Jurassic deposits within the folded basement of the plain Crimea where they were recovered by wells. Most of these rocks, as in the Dizi Series, underwent metamorphism of chlorite subfacies of the greenschist facies and, to a lesser extent, deep epigenesis (clayey-carbonaceous, sericite-carbonaceous, actinolite-chlorite-prehnite, muscovite-albite-chlorite, epidote-actinolite-chlorite and graphite-talc-quartz schists) (Chernyak, 1969). These rocks are also intruded by Middle Jurassic igneous rocks, including gabbro-diabases, diabases, diorites, syenites, monzo-syenites, granite-porphyries, etc. (Shniukova, 2016; Shumlyanskyy, 2019). As a result of the contact metamorphism of the basement rocks, muscovite-quartz-cordierite and cordierite-quartz-feldspar micaceous hornfelses were formed. Quartz syenite yielded a K-Ar age of 158 Ma (Scherbak, 1981), while monzo-syenite was dated at 170 ± 5 Ma applying 40Ar/39Ar method (Meijers, 2010). Thus, based on the rock associations, the nature of metamorphism, the age of the metamorphic and igneous rocks, and on the spatial position of the Dizi Series and folded basement of the plain Crimea we assume that these units developed coevally in similar environment and geological conditions.<br><br>Acknowledgements.This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF) [PHDF-19-159, Regional and Contact Metamorphism of the Dizi Series].</p>

scholarly journals Comparison between electrical resistivity tomography and tunnel seismic prediction 303 methods for detecting the water zone ahead of the tunnel face: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1094-1104
Author(s):  
Nima Dastanboo ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Hamed Gharibdoost
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Seismic Prediction

AbstractIn deep tunnels with hydro-geological conditions, it is paramount to investigate the geological structure of the region before excavating a tunnel; otherwise, unanticipated accidents may cause serious damage and delay the project. The purpose of this study is to investigate the geological properties ahead of a tunnel face using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and tunnel seismic prediction (TSP) methods. During construction of the Nosoud Tunnel located in western Iran, ERT and TSP 303 methods were employed to predict geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face. In this article, the results of applying these methods are discussed. In this case, we have compared the results of the ERT method with those of the TSP 303 method. This work utilizes seismic methods and electrical tomography as two geophysical techniques are able to detect rock properties ahead of a tunnel face. This study shows that although the results of these two methods are in good agreement with each other, the results of TSP 303 are more accurate and higher quality. Also, we believe that using another geophysical method, in addition to TSP 303, could be helpful in making decisions in support of excavation, especially in complicated geological conditions.

Analysis of Metallogenic Conditions of Geothermal Resources in Heiyu Lake of Daqing

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2472-2477
Author(s):  
Yu Chun Bai ◽  
Yong Li Li ◽  
Fu Li Qi ◽  
Feng Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Lake Zone ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Geothermal Drilling ◽  
Geological Background

Heiyu Lake zone of Daqing is located in the southwest hollow borderland of Heiyu Lake and on the arching transitional zone of Daqing placanticline. Based on the geological background of Heiyu Lake, this paper analyzes the landform, the regional geological structure, the formation lithology and the irruptive rock and other metallogenic conditions in detail. The indispensable geological conditions for forming geothermal field in layers were summed up. Combining with the development characteristics and geophysical data of formation, the bore hole site of geothermal well and target stratum were ascertained. The four major elements of forming geothermal resources in this region were confirmed by carrying out geothermal drilling.

scholarly journals On evaluation of complex-structured coal deposits based on their typical geometric features

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Alexander Katsubin ◽  
Victor Martyanov ◽  
Milan Grohol
Keyword(s):  
Surface Mining ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Length

Information about the geological structure of Kuznetsky coal basin (Kuzbass) allows us to note that coal deposits developed by open-cast method are characterized by complicated conditions and have the following features: large length of deposits at significant depths of occurrence; coal series bedding of different thicknesses (from 1 to 40 m); different dip angles (from 3 to 90º); a significant number of dip and direction disturbances; different thickness of unconsolidated quaternary sediments (from 5 to 40 m); a wide range of strength values of rocks. In addition, there is a thickness irregularity and frequent variability of elements of occurrence of coal seams within the boundaries of a quarry field both in length and depth of mining. From the point of view of open-pit mining, such deposits are complex-structured. The factors listed above have a decisive influence on the choice of technical means, the order of development and the possibility of carrying out surface mining operations. Therefore, there is a need for a systematization of mining and geological conditions for the development of coal deposits, the purpose of which is to ensure a process of evaluation of complex-structured coal deposits for the development of coal-bearing zones by various complexes of equipment.

scholarly journals Analisis Penurunan Muka Tanah dengan Small Baseline Subset Differential SAR Interferograms di Kota Bandar Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Bagas Setyadi ◽  
Rustadi Rustadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Deformation Speed ◽  
Industrial Mining

Bandar Lampung is one of the cities in Indonesia, which has a potential to land subsidence due to the extraction of ground water, mining, land conversion, and geological conditions. For that reason, carried out the study of land subsidence with SBAS technique, due to the very lack of information about the symptoms of land subsidence in Bandar Lampung. In this study, 15 SAR data in 2006 to 2011 used and then combined to produce 40 interferogram then inverted resulting in a time-series deformation and deformation speed average. Velocity precision obtained with SBAS technique is highly dependent on the type of land cover in the study area, but it is known that the average of land subsidence in Bandar Lampung is about 0.06 mm/year, which is considered quite stable due to the geological structure that does not allow for the occurrence of massive consolidation process. Several areas have indications of subsidence 5 mm/year are suspected to be caused by tectonic activity and human activity (industrial, mining, extraction of groundwater, and land conversion), which then has implications for structural damage to buildings, flooding in coastal areas, and landslides in hilly areas.

scholarly journals The theory and application of the random dislocation directional seismic wave technique in a tunnel environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-949
Author(s):  
Yonggao Yue ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Jingye Wang ◽  
Yunfeng Chao ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Multiple Wave ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Wave Technique

Abstract Performing exact predictions of geological conditions for tunnel construction is important for ensuring safe and quick tunnel engineering. Weak effective signals and strong random noise are the main factors that affect the distance and precision of tunnel seismic detection. Considering that directional seismic wave (DSW) technology has the ability to enhance target signals and suppress random noise, we attempt to apply this method to solve the problems of low detection accuracy and short detection distance. However, the process of data processing with the DSW technique generates false multiple wave interference (FMWI), which can lead to the misinterpretation of geological structures. This study analyses the origins of FMWI and presents the random dislocation directional seismic wave (RDDSW) method to suppress this interference. The results of a numerical simulation indicate that the FMWI is effectively suppressed and that the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is increased by approximately N times through use of the N-element RDDSW technique. In the ideal case, only spherical diffusion attenuation is considered, and the detection distance increases by approximately $\scriptstyle\sqrt N $ times. In addition, this method is also effective for signals from curved events, thereby improving the precision of the analysis of the geological structure of the tunnel. Furthermore, the field data results further verify that the RDDSW technique can significantly suppress interference and thus improve the quality of the data at little cost. Hence, the RDDSW technique has great significance for accurately predicting the geological structures of tunnels and increasing the detection distance in tunnels.

scholarly journals The problem of credibility studies on deformations of engineering objects in the geologically unstable area of Szczecin

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Marek Zygmunt ◽  
Stefan Cacoń ◽  
Andrzej Piotrowski ◽  
Grzegorz Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Control And Measurement System

The location of reference points in deformation studies of engineering objects is often associated with low reliability of the obtained measurement results. This concerns the lack of proper diagnosis of the geological structure of the area. The reliability of deformation measurements is also low when we obtain data that only characterize the effects and not the cause-and-effects. The authors reviewed the influence of geological conditions on the formation of deformations of some engineering objects. The reference points were located in the immediate vicinity of the facilities, without taking into account the geological structure of the areas where the facilities were located. The proposed test method is based on a three-segment control and measurement system. An example of such considerations is the engineering facilities on the Grodzka and Ostrów Grabowski Island in the Szczecin area. The basic issue is to locate geologically stable areas in the vicinity of monitored engineering objects on the basis of geological substrate assessment and to analyse archival materials concerning periodical measurements of class 1 and 2 levelling lines in the Szczecin area. Reference points are located, which constitute the first segment of the control and measurement system. Subsequent segments of the system are organized with reference to the points of the first segment. This method provides reliable data on deformations of engineering objects.

scholarly journals PENYELIDIKAN GEOMAGNET BIJIH BESI DI WILAYAH JORONG KOTA BIRAH, KECAMATAN SUNGAI PAGU KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Ceni Febi Kurnia Sari ◽  
Yoszi Mingsi Anaperta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Side Rock ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
North Part

The measureable magnetic field intensity variation is then interpreted in the form of the distribution of the magnetic material below the surface, then used as the basis for the prediction of possible geological conditions observed. The iron ore deposits in the survei area are generally interpreted as a form of sediment that fills the rock cavities, especially in limestone cavities. This occurs due to the geological structure that gives space for the placement of mineralization of ore deposits in the side rock zone. The value of this magnetic anomaly is located in the west, the eastern, and also in the north part.  Keywords: Geomagnet Method, Iron Ore, Magnetic Properties, Magnetic Value, Magnetic Anomaly Value.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kondisi Geologi Teknik dalam Pembangunan Embung

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
I Gde Budi Indrawan ◽  
Shinta Dwi Novianti ◽  
Heru Hendrayana ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽  
Wahyu Wilopo
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Engineering Geological Mapping ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Geomorphic Process ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Detention Pond ◽  
Impermeable Layer

Pucang Village was consisted of eruption materials of Merapi Volcano. The relatively high coefficient of permeability of the materials consisting this area caused rainwater to directly infiltrate into the ground. Evaluation of engineering geological conditions was conducted for construction of a detention pond in this area, which had limited water supply for daily activities. The evaluation was conducted on results of a 1:10.000 scale of engineering geological mapping and analyses of 1:10.000 scale of geological disaster maps produced by previous researchers. The engineering geological mapping involved mapping of morphological condition and active geomorphic process, lithological condition, existence of geological structure, and water source location. The evaluation results showed that the proposed location met the land suitability criteria for detention pond construction based on the morphological condition and active geomorphic process, existence of geological structure, and water source location, but did not meet those based on the lithological and vulnerability to Merapi Volcano eruption disaster. Construction of impermeable layer to prevent water seepage into the ground and periodic removal of sediment in the base of the detention pond were suggested to be carried out to keep the detention pond functioning properly.

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