scholarly journals A Survey On Wireless Communications : 6g And 7g

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2018-2025
Author(s):  
Karthik Kumar Vaigandla ◽  
Nilofar Azmi ◽  
Ramya Podila ◽  
Radha Krishna Karne
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
5G Mobile Communications

One of the fastest growing sectors is wireless technology, which is evolving in all areas of mobile and wireless communications. Wireless technology has increased greatly in the last decade. 7.5 Generation (G) represents the history of wireless technology today. With 6G and 7G, data transmission rates will be higher over Future Generation wireless technology. With new technologies emerging in all fields of mobile and wireless communications, wireless technology continues to emerge as one of the hottest sectors with a high rate of development. Currently, 5G mobile communications systems are just getting started. Our current infrastructure supports a number of technologies, including voice over IP (VoIP), broadband data access over wireless, and more. This paper discusses several generations of wireless technologies from 0G to 7G. Wireless technology is important and beneficial to society. In this paper, we compare all of the generations and explain how each generation uses technology in its execution, application, and usage.

Review of Wireless Technologies and Generations

2011 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhattar
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
First Generation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Video Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electronic Content ◽  
Audio Video

The concept of wireless communication i.e. exchange of any type of electronic content (audio, video, data, etc.) without the use of any physical medium like cables, wires etc, is not new. It started almost a century back with “radio and telegraphs” and has made rapid progress over the period of time. Looking at the present trend, it is obvious that the field of wireless communication will continue to move far ahead than one could imagine. To encourage adoption and advancement in technology, a standardization process was required. Different standards have evolved, over the period of time, to accommodate the new technologies as they emerged. The era during which technologies are popular and are used by businesses is generally termed as Generations. This chapter presents a brief history of wireless communication and different phases of technologies and standards involved in it. A discussion of the communication technology generations not only provides an understanding of the past history of these technologies, but also creates basis for understanding their future. This chapter provides brief introduction and description of all generations, starting from the first generation mobile communications to future generation mobile communications.

Exploring the Growth of Wireless Communications Systems and Challenges Facing 4G Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 889-902
Author(s):  
Amber A. Smith-Ditizio ◽  
Alan D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
4G Networks ◽  
History Of ◽  
4G Wireless ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

Mobile communication and its many applications have been fueling the rapid growth and adoption of wireless communications for years. This growth has been marked by significant network development and advanced techniques evolving in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. The transition from 3G communications to 4G communications has extremely boosted the way and speed at which companies and their customer are able to operate in the global economy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe some of the significant impacts of 4G wireless communication systems on the telecommunications industry. Topics describing 4G to include a brief history of mobile communications, what are the major characteristics of 4G networks and its users, advantages of 4G, challenges that 4G faces, wireless in the field/IT component, future directions of 4G, and some of the potential plans for growth.

scholarly journals POST-PANDEMIC MEDIA SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Tatyana Parsadanova
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
5G Mobile Communications

It is no secret that COVID 19 and its consequences have affected almost all aspects of our life. We have become focused on life at home, the approach to work has changed, and the definition of remote work has taken root in our vocabulary. Despite all the negative aspects, the pandemic has accelerated the development of key technological trends, such as distance learning, telemedicine, remote work, online shopping, contactless payments, 3D printing, which leveled out supply disruptions, robotics, a new generation of 5G mobile communications with its capabilities, and of course, the online entertainment industry. Our consumer preferences have changed during this year; however, the need for entertainment has only increased. Many believe that nowadays, the Internet and television era is a thing of the past; nevertheless, statistics do not confirm this. In the third quarter of this year alone, global TV sales have increased by 12.9% over the same period in 2019, which is 38% more than in the previous quarter. Television viewing has increased, and television program views have skyrocketed. Streaming content has become even more popular; streaming services allow one to watch absolutely everything - movies, TV series, news at any time and from any device. All these processes are connected with the fact that, during the quarantine, cinemas were closed, the attendance of which has already decreased in recent years. They opened with restrictions on viewers’ seating; the premieres were postponed for a year, even two - until the spring of 2021 and 2022. This year, the world of the media and entertainment industry has become: remote, virtual, streaming and personalized. The driver is the consumer, so market players pay great attention to innovation, focusing on personalization. At the forefront of new technologies is the Disney company, which presents its films both in theatrical screenings and on its online platform. Television is also not left behind; on November 3, VGTRK launched its "Smotrim" media platform. The audience’s consumption habits have already changed, interest in media is increasing and moving towards digitalization. The pandemic has accelerated the process. How this is happening and what awaits the industry is covered in this article.

Exploring the Growth of Wireless Communications Systems and Challenges Facing 4G Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 6094-6105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber A. Smith-Ditizio ◽  
Alan D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
4G Networks ◽  
History Of ◽  
4G Wireless ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

Mobile communication and its many applications have been fueling the rapid growth and adoption of wireless communications for years. With this growth has been marked by significant network development and advanced techniques evolving in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. The transition from 3G communications to 4G communications has extremely boosted the way and speed at which companies and their customer are able to operate in the global economy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe some of the significant impacts of 4G wireless communication systems on the telecommunications industry. Topics describing 4G to include a brief history of mobile communications, what are the major characteristics of 4G networks and its users, advantages of 4G?, challenges that 4G faces, wireless in the field/IT component, future directions of 4G, and some of the potential plans for growth.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive View of the Initiatives on the Research of Sixth-Generation Mobile Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
5G Mobile Communications ◽  
Communications System ◽  
Generation Technology

The Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile communications system is now on its way to being deployed worldwide and the scale of 5G subscribers in some region has reached a very large scale. However, the attention of academia and industry is increasingly shifting towards the next generation technology called Sixth Generation (6G) and many pioneering works are being kicked off by the major players in this filed, placing an important milestone in the history of mobile communications. At this juncture, a view of the current state of the art of 6G research and a vision of future communications are of great interest. This paper thus aims to investigate up-to-date 6G research programs, activities, and main viewpoints of representative countries, institutions and companies worldwide. Then, the key technologies are outlined and a vision on ``What 6G may look like?" is provided. This paper aims to serve as an enlightening guideline for interested researchers to quickly get an overview when kicking off their 6G research.

ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНА КОМУНІКАЦІЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА

2020 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
O. Yatchuk ◽  
N. Kodatska
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Television Content ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Traditional Technologies

<div><p><em>The article presents the dynamics of the main factors for the development of modern television, the transition from traditional technologies of television broadcasting to the latest technologies. The process of developing digital television and broadband has been technically determined to address the challenge of integrating new technologies into traditional TV content. Ways of expanding the possibilities of interaction between the viewer and the television producer in the context of overcoming the crisis of traditional technologies are analyzed. It is determined that integration, development of mobile communications and Internet technologies are a hallmark of the modern world media space and have a significant influence on the formation of public opinion. The analysis of actual media researches concerning problems of the theory of mass communication is carried out. The phenomenon of «social television», which combines watching TV with simultaneous communication in social networks, is considered. The author draws attention to the disclosure of the determining factors of media communication, the study of the process of feedback from viewers on television. It is stated that the development of modern technologies, namely digital broadcasting and introduction of broadband Internet access to create a multimedia platform that combines Internet communication services and television content, contributes to improving the mechanism of interaction between the TV and the viewer. The theory of the conceptualization of journalism based on identity construction is examined: journalists understand their audience and, as members of that audience, connect with their communities. An analysis of integrated journalistic activity is conducted, which consists of three stages: gathering, editing and disseminating information. It is determined that the influence of the Internet allows the consumer to play his or her role at each stage, thus helping the journalist determine the degree of relevance of the story to himself and to the potential audience. The common features of modern telecontent were singled out and a comparative analysis of the trend of development of interactive TV programs of the USA, UK and Ukraine was made.</em></p></div><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> public opinion, two-vector communication, feedback, communication methods, television audience, country telephony.</em></p>

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

Modern Greek V V dvandva compounds: A linguistic innovation in the history of the Indo-European languages

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ralli
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Asian Languages

This paper deals with [V V] dvandva compounds, which are frequently used in East and Southeast Asian languages but also in Greek and its dialects: Greek is in this respect uncommon among Indo-European languages. It examines the appearance of this type of compounding in Greek by tracing its development in the late Medieval period, and detects a high rate of productivity in most Modern Greek dialects. It argues that the emergence of the [V V] dvandva pattern is not due to areal pressure or to a language-contact situation, but it is induced by a language internal change. It associates this change with the rise of productivity of compounding in general, and the expansion of verbal compounds in particular. It also suggests that the change contributes to making the compound-formation patterns of the language more uniform and systematic. Claims and proposals are illustrated with data from Standard Modern Greek and its dialects. It is shown that dialectal evidence is crucial for the study of the rise and productivity of [V V] dvandva compounds, since changes are not usually portrayed in the standard language.

A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihat Şeker ◽  
Turgut Ozturk ◽  
Muhammet Tahir Güneşer
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Single Band ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Wireless Application ◽  
5G Mobile Communications

In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.

The Dilemma between Aligned Expectations and Diversity in Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Ergen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Synthetic Fuel ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Innovation Processes

This chapter brings together arguments from economics, sociology, and political economy to show that innovation processes are characterized by a dilemma between the advantages of aligned expectations—including greater coordination and investment—and those of diversity, including superior openness to new technological possibilities. To illustrate the argument, the chapter discusses a historical case involving one of the largest coordinated peace-time attempts to hasten technological innovation in the history of capitalism, namely the US energy technology policies of the 1970s and 1980s. Close examination of the commercialization of photovoltaics and synthetic fuel initiatives illustrates both sides of the dilemma between shared versus diverse expectations in innovation: coordination but possible premature lock-in on the one hand, and openness but possible stagnation on the other. The chapter shows that even the exploration and interpretation of new technologies may be as much a product of focused investment as of trial-and-error search.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document