DVOSTRUKI KVALITET PROIZVODA KAO POSEBAN OBLIK DISKRIMINACIJE POTROŠAČA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borko Mihajlović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Basic Consumer

The modern market is characterized by the existence of several phenomena that threaten the realization of basic consumer rights and require changes or amendments to the existing regulation of consumer law. One such phenomenon is the frequent practice, especially prevalent among large multinational companies, of placing wellknown, recognizable ("branded") products of identical appearance but with certain differences in terms of content and structure of the product, its weight or other basic characteristics, depending on the geographic market in which they are placed. If these differences lead to different quality of a recognizable product in the markets of different countries, then we are talking about the dual quality of product. The subject of this paper is the analysis of legal mechanisms that can influence the cessation of the practice of marketing products and services of dual quality by large companies. This analysis is performed through a review of the development path of EU law regarding the practice of dual quality, with a reference to the amendment of the legal regulation on unfair business practices with the provision on dual quality of products. In the concluding remarks, the author assesses the possibility of applying the experience of EU law into Serbian law in order to suppress practices of dual quality of products.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE QUALITY SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Sheremetynska ◽  
Artem Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Iso Standards ◽  
Quality Of Products

The introduction of a quality management system is important because it leads to improved productivity, optimization of business processes of the organization, and also leads to a reduction in production costs. The article considers the theoretical aspects of the quality management system at the enterprise, outlines the methods and classification of existing quality management systems. The essence of legal regulation of the quality management system is investigated and its current state is characterized. It is noted how some experts classify quality management methods. Recommendations for improving the quality management system at a domestic enterprise are offered. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental standards of ISO 9000 and how they are integrated into the state standards of Ukraine. When developing quality management systems, it should be borne in mind that the quality management system covers all processes that occur in the enterprise and on which the quality of products or services depends. According to the capabilities of the production process, the stages of the product life cycle are considered, which should be used at the appropriate stages of development and certification of the quality management system. The task of improving the quality and expanding the range of products is relevant in modern production conditions. This task is multifaceted and includes a number of scientific and technical, environmental, economic and social problems. An interdisciplinary approach is needed for an effective solution. One of the ways is product quality management based on assortment analysis and its innovative development. The experience of developed countries shows that the health of the nation, primarily through food, their safety, is more reliable when it is achieved by improving the quality of products based on standardization worldwide and internationally. At the international level, quality requirements are regulated by ISO standards, strictly focused on the consumer. The first such standards were the standards of the 9000 series, which came out in the late 80's pp. XX century More than half of the world's countries have implemented national standards identical to ISO standards, as well as certified enterprises in accordance with ISO standards.

scholarly journals Legal relations peculiarities as a subject of legal regulation in the complex law branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Dobroboh
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with theoretical study of the selection of specific features of legal relations of complex lawbranches on the example of environmental law. Today, the subject of legal regulation in this area is public relations for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources in order to ensure the quality of the environment in the interests of present and future generations.

scholarly journals Legal nature of the positive constitutional responsibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Natalia Bobrova ◽  
Vladimir Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Good Purpose

The subject of the paper is theoretical justification of legal nature of positive constitutionalresponsibility legal institute. The evolution of views on the institution of positive constitutionalresponsibility from the first works on it (S.A. Avak`yan, Yu.P. Eremenko, F.M. Rudinsky, N.A. Bobrova) to the present time is analyzed.The purpose is to clarify its role in establishment and maintaining the regime of constitutionallegality.The results, scope of application. Doubts about the legal nature of positive constitutionalresponsibility up to its complete denial are identical with doubts about the legal nature ofmany constitutional norms, the denial of their direct action. These disputes will last forever.Direct service of constitutional and legal responsibility to the quality of governance is a featureof this type of legal responsibility along with its pronounced political character, as wellas the specific guilt of the subject of constitutional tort (liability not only for their acts butfor the acts of their subordinates).The emphasis on positive moral aspect to the detriment of "sanction" (retrospective) aspectof the constitutional responsibility does not meet the challenges of the new time.Proponents of affirmative responsibility had good purpose to build its high creative andeducational role from the positive side of the legal liability. However, this good purpose inpractice has not led to optimistic results.The authors come to the conclusion the legal regulation of mechanisms of responsibilityenforcement in Russia is necessary.

scholarly journals Peran Pokdarwis Andang Taruna Sebagai Katalisator Terwujudnya Karakter Peduli Wisata (Studi Di Banraas Pulau Gili Iyang Madura)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Enza Resdiana ◽  
Laylatul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Care Study

Tourism Awareness Group or abbreviated Pokdarwis is a self-help and self-help group that grows from, by and for the community and aims to enhance the development of regional tourism and succeed tourism development by becoming a government partner in raising public awareness in the field of tourism, increasing human resources, encouraging the realization of Sapta Enchantment, enhancing the quality of products and tourism. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, which is the subject and object of this research is the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) of Andang Taruna Banraas Village. Tourism Care (Study in Banraas, Gili Iyang Madura Island). The role of Pokdarwis Andang Taruna is able to act as a mobilizer for the community where the community has provided support and role as host in efforts to create an environment and conducive atmosphere that is able to encourage the growth and development of the tourism industry and the realization of sapta charm. The role as a partner has been carried out by Pokdarwis Andang Taruna in the form of activities and programs carried out by involving the Government and other parties related to the development and construction of tourist facilities such as lodging, transportation, culinary and etc. although there has not been a maximum cooperation between Pokdarwis and the Government so that there are obstacles in realizing the character of caring tourism.

scholarly journals MEDIA GAMBAR YANG DIPROYEKSIKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI PADA SISWA KELAS 3 SD BANYURIPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
NFn Isyani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Slide Image ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Academic Year

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media gambar yang diproyeksikan untuk meningkatkankualitas pembelajaran dan hasil belajar menulis puisi pada siswa kelas III SD.Penelitian ini menggunakan metodePenelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis and Mc Taggart. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III SDBanyuripan yang berjumlah 16 siswa pada tahun pelajaran 2015-2016. Terdapat 4 indikator dalam penelitian ini,yaitu: (1) memperhatikan penjelasan guru tentang pembuatan puisi melalui gambar yang diproyeksikan, (2) menuliskanide puisi dengan bantuan gambar yang diproyeksikan, (3) menentukan 4 kata kunci dengan bantuagambar yangdiproyeksikan, dan (4) mengembangkan kata kunci menjadi bait puisi. Ada 4 indikator kompetensi menulis puisi,yaitu: (a) bunyi/rima, (b) diksi/pilihan kata, (c) bentuk visual, dan (d) makna. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanpembelajaran menggunakan media gambar yang diproyeksikan lebih tinggi daripada metode ceramah. Hal ini bisadilihat pada: (1) prosentase ketuntasan menulis puisi yang lulus KKM mencapai 87,5%, (2) Kualitas proses pembelajarannaik dari 70,83% menjadi 90,62%, (3) Nilai rerata hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari 68,50 (denganmetode ceramah) menjadi 77,69 pada siklus I menjadi 81,06% pada siklus II, (4) Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalahmedia gambar yang diproyeksikan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi menulis puisi siswa, namun diperlukan tambahanaktifitas pembelajaran yang berupa: (a) latihan menebak gambar, (b) menambah daftar kosa kata, dan (c) pemberianpedoman struktur kalimat lengkap dan tak lengkap.Kata Kunci: Media gambar yang diproyeksikan, keterampilan menulis, puisi.Abstract:The purpose of this research is to describe the application of slide image media in improving the skill ofpoem writing on the third grade of Banyuripan Elementary School, Kasihan, Bantul, Jogjakarta Province.This researchwas classroom action research method using Stephen Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. The subject of the researchwere sixteen students in the third grade of SD Banyuripan in the academic year 2015-2016. It was handle with twocycles. There are four indicators of learning process, thatare (1) giving the teacher’s explanation about how to makea poem, (2) writing the idea of poem based on the slide’s images (3) finding the four keywords based on the slide’simages proyected, (4) developing the keywords become the poem. A good poem has four basic characteristics,included: (a) rhyme, (b) diction, (c) visual type, and (d) meaning. The analysis technique was quantitative descriptiveapproach.The concludes is the result of theresearch using slides’ images is higher than ekspository method, they are:(1) the percentage of class competenceon poem writing over KKM (minimum competences) is 87,5%. It is higher thanthe first cycle that was 50%, (2) the quality of learning process increased from 70,83% to 90,62%. (3) the averageclassscore increased from 68,50 (using ekspository method) became 77,69% at first cycle to 81,06% at second cycleusing slide’s images proyected media, (4) the research findings is to increase the students’ capability on writing poemis required three adding activities, those are: (a) excercises for guessing picture’s content, and (b) providing vocabularies,(c) providing grammer guide, complete and uncomplete structure.Keywords: Slide’s images projected media, writing skill, poem.

Factors Determining the Purchasing Behaviours of Consumers in the Market of Daily Use Goods

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Niedzielski
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Product Price ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quality Of Products

The paper presents the results of studies concerning the purchasing behaviours in the market of fast-selling goods. Economic and demographic factors were the subject of the analysis. The results of studies showed, among others, that the behaviours of consumers are influenced mainly by the quality of products associated mainly with absence of defects, durability and brand as well as the product price. The studies also showed significant influence of the gender on purchasing behaviours of the consumers, as women are more willing to visit shops, they make spontaneous purchases more frequently, and they review the offer in detail while men go shopping rather out of the necessity to make a specific purchase. 

scholarly journals Consumer Protection in the Slovak Republic and Protection of Air Passengers’ Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Hana Magurová ◽  
Matej Horvat ◽  
Mária Srebalová
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The authors analyse a legal regulation of consumer protection in the Slovak Republic, comprised (among others) the Civil Code, the Act on Consumer Protection and the Act on Consumer Protection in Provision of Certain Tourism Services. They refer to the specifics of consumer law, which undermines the basic principles of private law (the principle of equality of the involved parties and the principle of the dominance of dispositive legal norms), because it primarily serves for the protection of a weaker party of the consumer agreement - a consumer. They focus on the claims of consumers - air passengers. The conclusion is that air passengers’ rights drive mainly from the EU law. They also present a survey regarding air passengers’ rights and propose suggestions on how to improve their satisfaction. The aim of a paper is to start a discussion on air passengers’ rights because the number of air passengers increases.

scholarly journals CETICISMO E PRAGMATISMO, AMBIGUIDADES E CONTRADIÇÕES: O OLHAR DO ESTUDANTE DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO PARA A RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVADOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i3.327

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Cintia Rodrigues O Medeiros ◽  
Jacquelaine Florindo Borges
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Corporate Scandals ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Corporate Social

Recentes escândalos corporativos geraram uma crise de confiança em relação ao comportamento das companhias, à integridade profissional dos seus principais executivos e ao conteúdo de currículos e programas das escolas de gestão. Este artigo analisa a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) na perspectiva do estudante de Administração de duas instituições de ensino, uma pública e outra particular. É um estudo de natureza quantitativa que utiliza o método survey para identificar como os estudantes compreendem a RSC e como esta influencia o seu comportamento. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os estudantes reconhecem a importância de ações de RSC e as diferentes dimensões desta: social, ambiental e econômica. Todavia, eles atribuem ao governo a responsabilidade pela busca pelo bem-estar social, relegando o papel das organizações e da sociedade civil nesse processo. Ainda, os resultados mostram que a qualidade dos produtos e serviços e o preço competitivo são critérios mais importantes na decisão de compra desses estudantes do que a conduta ética e as práticas de responsabilidade social e ambiental das companhias. Eles são céticos quanto aos motivos que levam as companhias a adotarem práticas de RSC: a imagem e a reputação. As conclusões indicam ambiguidades e contradições no comportamento dos estudantes e futuros gestores em relação à RSC, e alertam a academia para a necessidade de reforçar o tema em seus currículos. Palavras-chave:Escândalos corporativos. Conduta do Administrador. Responsabilidade Corporativa. Escolas de Administração. ABSTRACT Recent corporate scandals have generated a trust crisis in relation to companies’ behavior, to professional integrity of their main executives, as well as to curricular content and course of management schools. This article analyzes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the students’ perspective in two schools, one public and the other one private. It is a study of a quantitative method that uses the survey to identify how students understand the CRS and how this influences their behavior. The survey results show that students recognize the importance of CRS actions and their different dimensions: social, environmental and economic. However, they assign to the government the responsibility for the pursuit of social welfare, relegating the role of organizations and civil society in this process. The results also show that the quality of products and services and competitive price are more important criteria in purchasing decisions for these students than the ethical behavior and practices of social and environmental responsibility of the company. They are skeptical about the reasons that lead companies to adopt practices of CRS: the image and reputation. The conclusions indicate ambiguities and contradictions in students’ behavior and future managers in relation to CSR, and alert the Academy to the need to insert the subject into its curriculum. Keywords:Corporate scandals. Administrator’s conduct. Corporate responsibility. Business schools.

scholarly journals Globalization and its impact on the Slovak consumer

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 06026
Author(s):  
Miriam Olšiaková ◽  
Erika Loučanová ◽  
Eva Drličková ◽  
Anna Dovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Quality Of Products

Research background: Globalization and the processes associated with it are reflected in the constant changes taking place in the market and affect its individual participants, among whom we also include consumers. Globalization allows consumers to choose, but on the other hand, the quality of products intended for the Slovak market is debatable (dual quality of food). Therefore, many consumers distrust imported products and believe that foreign producers use unethical practices in the Slovak market. Purpose of the article: The paper presents the results of a survey of unethical practices towards Slovak consumers in their selected forms, as well as the results of the current state of awareness of Slovak consumers in the field of protection of their consumer rights. Methods: The data were obtained by a questionnaire and consequently evaluated by the chosen statistical methods. Some questions were formulated to test hypothesis of dependence among selected variables. Findings & Value added: The results point to the low state of Slovak consumer’s ability to detect unethical practices in its specific forms, as well as to the low state of his knowledge in the field of consumer rights protection. However, the finding that with higher consumer education the ability of a consumer to detect misleading practices increases confirmed the importance of incorporating selected areas of consumer policy into education at lower levels. It allows supporting the sovereignty of the Slovak consumer to protect his rights.

scholarly journals Competitive relations in the aftersales market of major appliances in Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ivana Domazet ◽  
Ivan Stošić ◽  
Milena Lazić
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Market Relations

The primary goal of this paper is to deepen the knowledge and provide analysis of the basic features of the major appliances aftersales market in the Republic of Serbia. This is relatively large, and for a huge number of consumers significant market, which, according to the available knowledge, was not the subject to more detailed research until now. Therefore, through a combination of survey (desk) and secondary (field) research, a detailed overview of the scope and structure of the major appliances aftermarket was carried out. With the aim to identify potential issues and propose curative to overcome them, an analysis on the competitive relations between the main actors and the factors that predominantly affect the market relations in this segment of the aftersales market was conducted. Bearing in mind the basic characteristics of the primary market in Serbia, it can be concluded that interbrand competition on the major appliances aftermarket is intense, and that significant issues are noticed. A potential problem related to competitive relations in this market segment is reflected in the constraints of intrabrand competition (competition between distributors / servicers / spare parts resellers of the same brand). The manufacturer is in a position to impose restrictions on distributors in respect of the terms of their contracts with authorized services and spare parts dealers, obliging them to install / sell spare parts exclusively from its production. Restrictions of this kind are justified only if they provide higher quality of the after-sales service. Otherwise they represent a serious distortion of competitive market behavior, as this limits the entry of independent spare parts manufacturers and servicers, who can offer spare parts and technical and repairing services of the appropriate quality.

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