scholarly journals Comparative Study of Proximate and Phytochemical Analysis of the Roots of Justicia carnea Lindi. and Justicia secunda Vahl

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
MG Ajuru ◽  
AK Kpekot ◽  
J Omubo ◽  
I Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Standard Procedures

Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the root extracts of Justicia carnea and Justicia  secunda in the Acanthaceae family were investigated using standard procedures and compared. The result of the proximate analysis indicated that the roots of both species contain nutrients in varying levels. Protein (11.38±0.01), lipid (4.81±0.01) and moisture content (17.01±0.01) were higher in the roots of J. carnea than in J. secunda (8.32±0.01, 2.01±0.01, 11.22±0.02) respectively, while Carbohydrate (6.62±0.00), Ash (16.75±0.05) and Fibre (55.18±0.01) were higher in J. secunda than in J. carnea  (4.73±0.02, 9.81±0.01, and 52.29±0.00) respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, saponin, phytate and cyanogenic glycosides whereas the result for the quantitative analysis showed that the quantity of phytochemicals in Justicia carnea and Justicia secunda were: tannin (46.75±0.00 and 41.01±0.01), flavonoid (2.72±0.01 and 3.21±0.00), alkaloid (10.16±0.00 and 11.21±0.01), saponin (3.31±0.01 and 2.7±0.00), phytate (30.54±0.01 and 33.86±0.00) and cyanogenic glycoside (100.01±0.00 and 500±0.00) respectively. Justicia carnea contained higher quantity of tannin and saponin while Justicia secunda contained higher amount of flavonoid, alkanoid, phytate and cyanogenic glycoside. These results conceivably indicated that the two species are good sources of essential nutrients which could be used in diets to supplement the daily nutrient needs in humans and animals, and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities, providing scientific credence for its therapeutic usage in folklore medicine.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Phytochemicals and Nutritional Compositions of Fresh, Sprouted and Toasted Citrullus Lanatus (Watermelon) Seeds (P04-033-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Bamidele ◽  
Haruna Gambo ◽  
Mathew Auta ◽  
Jesse Ombugadu ◽  
Maryam Dangana
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Objectives There is a growing search for nutrients from cheap and readily available sources against the back drop of growing population and poverty in developing countries. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the phytochemicals and nutritional compositions of fresh, sprouted and toasted Citrullus lanatus seeds Methods The phytochemicals, proximate, amino acids, microminerals and antinutrients compositions were determined following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD and Duncan test for levels of significance. Results Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Terpenoids in the fresh, sprouted and toasted samples but anthroquinones was present only in the fresh samples but absent in sprouted and toasted watermelon seeds. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the concentrations of the phytochemicals in all the samples except for cyanogenic glycosides which was significantly (P < 0.05) high in the fresh sample. Percentage protein (24.87 ± 0.48) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted sample, ash (2.63 ± 0.11) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the sprouted, fibre (20.64 ± 0.23) and moisture (2.88 ± 0.19) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the toasted and carbohydrates (9.81 ± 1.27) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted when the samples were compared against each other. Results obtained for Amino acids and mineral analyses showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the three samples. Saponins (2.15 ± 0.07), Tannins (40.63 ± 0.13) Cyanogenic glycosides (3.55 ± 0.35) and Phytates (0.31 ± 0.01) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fresh sample while oxalates (0.85 ± 0.01) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the sprouted sample. Conclusions Fresh, sprouted and toasted watermelon seeds may possess nutritional and health benefit by the virtue of their richness in phytochmicals, microminerals and amino acids. Funding Sources Personally funded.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Triclisia subcordata Oliv Leaf

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
F. N. Okpara ◽  
E. O. Nwaichi ◽  
J. O. Akaninwor
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Medicinal Use

Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of Triclisia subcordata Oliv leaf were investigated using standard analytical methods. Results of the proximate analysis showed contents for moisture (79.28±2.32%), ash (1.91±0.21%), crude fibre (1.83±0.13%), lipid (1.81±0.16%), crude protein (8.32±1.20%) and carbohydrate (6.91±0.74%). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of all six metabolites studied but at different concentrations. Saponin and flavonoids > alkaloids > phenol, tannin and cyanogenic glycoside. Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides and phenol gave 0.01±0.00%, 5.81±0.23%, 2.32±0.13%, 6.01±0.36%, 0.20±0.00% and 0.03±0.00%. Given observed high contents of moisture, flavonoids and saponins, moderate amounts of alkaloids and low contents of lipid, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and phenols in Triclisia subcordata Oliv leaf, this study rationalises the medicinal use of the plant, and unveils its potential as a source of micronutrients.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BOMBAX BUONOPOZENSE (RED SILK COTTON TREE) STEM-BACK

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
B. E. Edem ◽  
M. E. Khan ◽  
N. U. Ibok
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Sample ◽  
Tree Stem

Qualitative & quantitative phytochemical screening and proximate composition of Bombax buonopozense stem was investigated. Nine phytochemicals viz: - alkaloid, carbohydrate, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, protein, terpenoids, and oxalates were observed. Steroids and glycosides were below detectable limits. Quantitative phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, tannins and saponins had values of 0.68 g, 0.09 g, 2.35 g, 1.41 g and 1.15 g respectively. The proximate analysis gave high percentage moisture content (55.30%). Carbohydrate and protein were of low values (1.04 % and 6.0% respectively). Ash content was found to be 15.30%, fiber (16.80%)All analyses wereper100g of crude sample.

scholarly journals ANTIDIARRHEAL POTENTIALS OF SCHWENCKIA AMERICANA L. (SOLANACEAE): A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AERIAL PART AND ROOT EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Nwabunike I. A. ◽  
Okoli C. O. ◽  
Ezeugwu P. ◽  
Ezike A. C. ◽  
Onyeto C. A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Root Extracts

Objective: Schwenckia americana L. (Solanaceae) is employed as a decoction of either the leaves, roots or the whole plant in the treatment of diarrhoea in most West African countries. Using a comparative study approach, the antidiarrheal potentials of its aerial part and root extracts were evaluated to substantiate its local use in diarrhoea management.Methods: In vivo effects of the extracts on rodent models of diarrhea, enteropooling and gastric motility induced by castor oil were investigated as well as their effects on acetylcholine and histamine-induced guinea pig ileal contractions in vitro. Phytochemical analyses of both extracts were also carried out for tentative identification of constituents and quantitative estimation of total saponin and phenolic contents using standard methods.Results: S. americana L. gave a significant (P<0.001) reduction in the number of fecal droppings and fecal watery texture over 4 h. Gastrointestinal motility and the volume of intestinal content were also significantly (P<0.001) reduced. In vitro studies revealed potent inhibition of guinea pig ileal contractions induced by acetylcholine and histamine by the extracts. However, the anti-diarrheal potentials in the root extract were higher than the aerial part extract, with the root extract exhibiting complete blockade of acetylcholine and histamine-induced ileal contractions and up to 100% inhibition of diarrheic feces passage at 400 mg/kg. The phytochemical analysis also revealed a higher relative abundance of phenols and saponins in the root extract.Conclusion: This research has therefore pioneered the establishment of a scientific proof for the acclaimed anti-diarrheal potentials and hence the ethnomedicinal use of this herb. The existence of higher anti-diarrheal potentials in the root has also been established which could possibly be linked to a higher relative abundance of phenols and saponins in this part. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, nutrients and mineral composition of Combretum platypterum Aqueous leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1625-1630
Author(s):  
P.A. Obazelu ◽  
A. Aruomaren ◽  
E.E. Ugboaja
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

The Phytochemical, mineral and proximate evaluation of Combretum platypterum leaves were carried out because of its ethno medicinal uses. Aqueous leaf extract of the plant were analysed using standard methods. The phytochemical composition ( quantitative ) shows that it contains 1.344 ± 0.05% saponin, 0.957 ± 0.02% phenol, 0.533 ± 0.04% tannin, 0.527 ± 0.09% steroids, 0.356 ± 0.02% alkaloids, 0.0667 ± 0.01% flavonoids and 0.013 ± 0.02% glycoside. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed that Combretum platypterum is very rich in carbohydrates 46.56 ± 0.02%, proteins 28.44 ± 0.6, fats 10 ± 0.0 %, fibre 1.25 ± 0.0%, ash 9.5 ± 0.2%, and has a moisture content of 4.25 ± 0.3%. The minerals obtained includes; 18.4 ± 0.02 mg/kg phosphorous, 10 ± 0.1mg/kg magnesium, 5.3 ± 0.0mg/kg iron, 4.8 ± 0.2mg/kg calcium, 0.3 ± 0.0mg/kg sodium, 0.07 ± 0.0mg/kg zinc, 0.06 ± 0.02mg/kg manganese and 0.11 ± 0.0mg/kg copper. Combretum platypterum from this study, shows that it contains nutrients, rich in minerals and phytochemicals, which if processed adequately, will provide nutritional, chemo protective and medicinal benefits to users.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MEDICINAL VALUE OF MONODURA MYRISTICA SEED

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
John B. Ejeh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Ground Sample ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the phytochemicals of M. myristica. The ground sample was soaked for 24 hrs with different solvents in other to extract the medicinal component. The qualitative analysis shows the positive result insaponin, glycoside, steroid, and alkaloid, while flavonoid and Tannin are negative. The quantitative analysis for M. myristicaseed show 32% to saponins, alkaloid 8.35%, phenol 55.7%, flavonoid 0.0707 mg/ml, and glycoside 5.2% while-tannin is negative. The result shows that M. myristicacan be used to produce vaccines because of saponin, while flavonoids were found to be the biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidant.

Antipyretic Activity of the Root Extracts of Xylocarpus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Y ◽  
Pranitha D ◽  
Phaneendra D ◽  
Madhava Reddy Ch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Various types of conditions exist in the body that causes fever and pain. Drugs that are used to treat fever are called antipyretics, and those are usually prescribed to treat elevated body temperature. But those drugs result in many other side effects like ulcers, perforations, bleedings and obstructions, which make their use questionable and limiting. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of diseases from the starting of the human race and the process; they had been subjected to rigorous investigations and tests to establish a scientific proof and validation of the various pharmacological activities and their respective mechanisms of action in treating the herbs. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, Xylocarpus mekongesis was investigated for its antipyretic activity in yeast method and 3doses out of which 00mg/kg body weight showed a better activity compared to the standard drug and other extracts too. The mechanism of action was similar to the paracetamol action that is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Bryophyllum Pinnatum: A Review on Medicinal Benefits and Potent Bioactive Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-992
Author(s):  
Punit Kumar ◽  
Sujata Malik ◽  
Kashyap K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Background: Since its inception, people are using herbal extracts as natural remedies for the treatment of various diseases. Bryophyllum pinnatum, also known as the air plant, is a well-recognized herb used in folk medicine. It is native to Madagascar and further planted in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. It is known for the profusion of miniature plantlets which arise from the margins of phylloclade. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the information regarding local and traditional uses, pharmacological activities and different phytochemicals reported from leaves extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of the literature about Bryophyllum pinnatum available in different online databases, such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, etc. In this review, authors have focused on ethnopharmacological importance and phytochemicals present in Bryophyllum pinnatum and their structure. The structures of the phytochemical were prepared by the ChemDraw tool. Results: This plant is used as a traditional herbal medicine around the globe due to medicinal properties like; anthelmintic, immunosuppressive, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antipyretic. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds like; alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, glycosides, bufadienolides, lipids, and organic acids, etc. which are associated with different medicinal properties. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses diverse pharmacological importance and remarkable medicinal properties. Investigators have reported a large number of phytochemicals exhibiting different medicinal properties and correlation of medicinal properties.

Phytochemical evaluation of leaf extracts of Naringi crenulata (roxb.) Nicolson

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5110
Author(s):  
Sartaj Ahmad Allayie ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed Parray* ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
S. Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rf Values

The use of traditional medicines holds a great promise as an easily available source as effective medicinal agents to cure a wide range of ailments among the people particularly in tropical developing countries like India. The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of N. crenulata leaf extracts. The extractive values of aqueous, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be 11.34, 4.24 and 6.06 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these three solvent extracts confirm the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds in all the three extracts; however, these phytochemicals were more significant in aqueous extract. Quantitative analysis was carried out using TLC method by different solvent system. Amongst various solvent systems, Butanol: acetic acid: water (9: 0.9: 0.1 v/v/v) shows maximum resolution and number of spots produced at long UV (365 nm) and under iodine vapours. The TLC chromatograms constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. It can be conveniently used to evaluate the quality of different area samples. This indicates that the leaves can be useful for treating different diseases because the therapeutic activity of a plant is due to the presence of particular class of compounds and thus can serve as potential sources of useful drugs in future.

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