scholarly journals THE CHEMISORPTION-RELEASE AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL STUDIES OF CIPROFLOXACIN FROM HYDROXYAPATITE-BASED IMPLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738
Author(s):  
RENATA-MARIA VARUT ◽  
VALENTIN MANDA ◽  
OANA GINGU ◽  
GABRIELA SIMA ◽  
CRISTINA TEISANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Calcium Fructoborate ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Implant infections are the result of bacterial adhesion to the implant surface and subsequent biofilm formation at the implant site. A sustained and high antibiotic concentration over minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pathogenic bacteria at the implant site is expected to inhibit bacterial adhesion, colonization, and biofilm formation. In the present study we performed implants based on hydroxyapatite (HAp), HAp reinforced with titanium particles (HAp/Ti) and Hap/Ti with added calcium fructoborate (CaFb) by chemisorption deposition method (HAp/Ti/CaFb). The implants were immersed in ciprofloxacin (CP) solution for 24 hours, then was determined the release profile of antibiotic for 14 days and the antibacterial effect of the three types of composite. The period of antibiotic release may be considered as sufficient to support osteointegration under antibacterial protection.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Thermal Sensor System for Quantifying the Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Tobias Wieland ◽  
Julia Assmann ◽  
Astrid Bethe ◽  
Christian Fidelak ◽  
Helena Gmoser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thermal Sensor ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Static Conditions

The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic bacteria is a global threat to human and veterinary medicine. Beyond antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) might be an alternative to inhibit the growth of bacteria, including AMR pathogens, on different surfaces. Biofilm formation, which starts out as bacterial adhesion, poses additional challenges for antibiotics targeting bacterial cells. The objective of this study was to establish a real-time method for the monitoring of the inhibition of (a) bacterial adhesion to a defined substrate and (b) biofilm formation by AMPs using an innovative thermal sensor. We provide evidence that the thermal sensor enables continuous monitoring of the effect of two potent AMPs, protamine and OH-CATH-30, on surface colonization of bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The bacteria were grown under static conditions on the surface of the sensor membrane, on which temperature oscillations generated by a heater structure were detected by an amorphous germanium thermistor. Bacterial adhesion, which was confirmed by white light interferometry, caused a detectable amplitude change and phase shift. To our knowledge, the thermal measurement system has never been used to assess the effect of AMPs on bacterial adhesion in real time before. The system could be used to screen and evaluate bacterial adhesion inhibition of both known and novel AMPs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Carvacrol and Coconut Oil on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Božik ◽  
P. Hovorková ◽  
P. Klouček
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enterococcus Cecorum ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

AbstractEssential oils play a prominent role as flavouring agents and fragrances in the food and perfume industries. Carvacrol is a major component of various essential oils, such as oregano and thyme oils, and is responsible for their antimicrobial activity. Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a high antibacterial potential. Both carvacrol and MCFAs have been used empirically as antimicrobial agents. Here, we tested the inhibitory properties of carvacrol and coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) oil containing a high percentage of MCFAs against 5 harmful bacterial pathogens:Escherichia coli, SalmonellaEnteritidis,Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, andEnterococcus cecorum. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) analysis of coconut oil showed a high concentration of lauric acid (41%). Microdilution antimicrobial assays showed that the combination of carvacrol and coconut oil had a stronger antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria than both agents separately. We conclude that carvacrol could significantly improve the antibacterial effect of coconut oil.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e514101119967
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Filipe Augusto Matos Araújo ◽  
Érika da Silva Matisui ◽  
Luiz Antonio Mendonça Alves da Costa ◽  
Alexandre José Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Amazonian Region

A low shrub growing in the Amazonian region, Piper marginatum Jacq. has been related to the treatment of a disease variety in folk medicine, however, still lacking scientific support. This study aimed to describe the composition of essential oils obtained from leaves (EOL) and branches (EOB) of P. marginatum and their antimicrobial effects on six relevant pathogenic bacteria. A combination of GC-FID and GC-MS was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. As antimicrobial assays, the oils were screened at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µg/ml for planktonic and biofilm inhibition. EOL revealed the presence of trans–nerolidol, o–cymene, spathulenol, elemicin, and α–copaene, while EOB composition was mainly of myristicin, trans-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, α–copaene, γ–muurolene and spathulenol. The strongest inhibition of planktonic growth was achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EOB) and Escherichia coli (EOB). Overall, Gram negative bacteria were more sensitive to both EOB/EOL showing less ability of growth and biofilm formation. The Gram-positive strains seemed to react to the essential oils by massive adhesion. Our results corroborate the relevance of Piperaceae and indicate the possible use of P. marginatum in future developments of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Exposure of Smaller and Oxidized Graphene on Polyurethane Surface Improves its Antimicrobial Performance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Borges ◽  
Patrícia C. Henriques ◽  
Rita N. Gomes ◽  
Artur M. Pinto ◽  
Manuel Pestana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Performance ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Catheter-related infections are a common worldwide health problem, highlighting the need for antimicrobial catheters. Here, antibacterial potential of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) incorporated in the commonly used polymer for catheter manufacture—polyurethane (PU)—is investigated. Two strategies are explored: melt-blending, producing a composite, and dip coating, where a composite layer is deposited on top of PU. GNP with different lateral sizes and oxidation degrees—GNP-M5, GNP-M15, GNP-M5ox, GNP-M15ox—are applied in both strategies, and the antimicrobial potential towards Staphylococcus epidermidis of GNP dispersions and GNP-containing PU evaluated. As dispersions, oxidized and smaller GNP powders (GNP-M5ox) inhibit 74% bacteria growth at 128 µg/mL. As surfaces, GNP exposure strongly impacts their antimicrobial profile: GNP absence at the surface of composites yields no significant effects on bacteria, while by varying GNP: PU ratio and GNP concentration, coatings enhance GNP exposure, depicting an antimicrobial profile. Oxidized GNP-containing coatings induce higher antibacterial effect than non-oxidized forms, particularly with smaller GNPox, where a homogeneous layer of fused platelets is formed on PU, leading to 70% reduction in bacterial adhesion and 70% bacterial death. This pioneering work unravels how to turn a polymer clinically used to produce catheters into an antimicrobial surface, crucial to reducing risk of infection associated with catheterization.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial peptide TAT-RasGAP317-326 inhibits the formation and the expansion of bacterial biofilms in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tytti Heinonen ◽  
Simone Hargraves ◽  
Maria Georgieva ◽  
Christian Widmann ◽  
Nicolas Jacquier
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Further Development

AbstractBiofilms are structured aggregates of bacteria embedded in a self-produced matrix. Pathogenic bacteria can form biofilms on surfaces and in tissues leading to nosocomial and chronic infections. While antibiotics are largely inefficient in limiting biofilm formation and expansion, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as alternative anti-biofilm treatments. In this study, we explore the effect of the newly described AMP TAT-RasGAP317-326 on Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. We observe that TAT-RasGAP317-326 inhibits the formation of biofilms at concentrations equivalent or two times superior to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the corresponding planktonic bacteria. Moreover, TAT-RasGAP317-326 limits the expansion of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa established biofilms at concentrations 2-4 times superior to the MIC. These results further confirm the potential of AMPs against biofilms, expand the antimicrobial potential of TAT-RasGAP317-326 and support further development of this peptide as an alternative antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Antiadhesion and antibiofilm potential of Fagonia indica from Cholistan desert against clinical multidrug resistant bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aslam ◽  
S. Hayat ◽  
T. Ali ◽  
M. Waseem ◽  
M. H. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates

Abstract High resistance to antimicrobials is associated with biofilm formation responsible for infectious microbes to withstand severe conditions. Therefore, new alternatives are necessary as biofilm inhibitors to control infections. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Fagonia indica extracts were evaluated against MDR clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica has antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica had antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against MDR isolates. The maximum inhibitory effects of Fagonia indica chloroform extract on biofilm formation was observed on Staphylococcus aureus (71.84%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (70.83%) after 48 hrs showing that inhibition is also time dependent. Our results about bacterial cell protein leakage indicated that MDR isolates treated with chloroform extract of Fagonia indica showed maximum protein leakage of K. pneumoniae (59.14 µg mL-1) followed by S. aureus (56.7 µg mL-1). Cell attachment assays indicated that chloroform extract resulted in a 43.5-53.5% inhibition of cell adherence to a polystyrene surface. Our results revealed that extracts of Fagonia indica significantly inhibited biofilm formation among MDR clinical isolates, therefore, could be applied as antimicrobial agents and cost effective biofilm inhibitor against these MDR isolates.

scholarly journals Sinergitas Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Kelopak Bunga Rosella dan Kitosan Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Haeriah Haeriah ◽  
Natsir Djide ◽  
Gemini Alam ◽  
Sartini Sartini
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibition ◽  
Mic Value

Currently, the antibacterial research is increasingly promoted primarily from natural materials, due to the increasing number of pathogenic bacteria that have been resistant to existing antibiotics. One of the pathogenic bacteria that has been much resistant to antibiotics is Staphylococcus aureus. Rosella calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa  L.) and chitosan are known to have antibacterial activity. The aim of this study to find out the antibacterial synergy of the  roselle calyx extract and chitosan against. S.aureus ATCC 33592. Rosella calyx was extracted by maceration using 80 %  ethanol, while chitosan is obtained from deasetilation chitin of shrimp husk. Test antibacterial synergism using checkboard assay method by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)  using microdilution assay. The results showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of roselle calyx extract and chitosan were 1250 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively.  MIC value of rosella calyx extract in the presence of chitosan was 625 ppm, while the value of MIC chitosan in the presence of rosella calyx extract was < 0.19 ppm. Fractional Inhibition Concentration Index (FICI) was < 0.5 which concluded that the combination of roselle calyx extract with chitosan has a synergistic antibacterial effect on S.aureus ATCC 33592.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Copper (I) Complex [Cu(NN1)2](ClO4) on Vibrio harveyi BB170 Biofilm Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2273
Author(s):  
Sarita Soto-Aguilera ◽  
Brenda Modak ◽  
Maialen Aldabaldetrecu ◽  
Carla P. Lozano ◽  
Juan Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Harveyi Bb170

Biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria is an important factor of resistance to antimicrobial treatments, allowing them to survive for a long time in their hosts. In the search for new antibiofilm agents, in this work we report the activity of a copper (I) complex, [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4, synthesized with Cu (I) and NN1, an imine ligand 6-((quinolin-2-ylmethylene)amino)-2H-chromen-2-one, a derivate of natural compound coumarin. The antibacterial and antibiofilm capacity was evaluated in Vibrio harveyi BB170 used as model bacteria. Antibacterial activity was measured in vitro by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) determination. Antibiofilm capacity of copper (I) complex was analyzed by different concentrations of IC50 values. The results showed that the sub-IC50 concentration, 12.6 µg/mL of the copper (I) complex, was able to reduce biofilm formation by more than 75%, and bacterial viability was reduced by 50%. Inverted and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 complex affected the biofilm structure. Therefore, the copper (I) complex is effective as an antibiofilm compound in V. harveyi BB170.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles against Biofilms on Different Biomaterial Surfaces

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Thukkaram ◽  
Soundarya Sitaram ◽  
Sathish kumar Kannaiyan ◽  
Guruprakash Subbiahdoss
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Polymer Brush ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biomaterial Surfaces ◽  
Coated Surfaces

Biofilm growth on the implant surface is the number one cause of the failure of the implants. Biofilms on implant surfaces are hard to eliminate by antibiotics due to the protection offered by the exopolymeric substances that embed the organisms in a matrix, impenetrable for most antibiotics and immune cells. Application of metals in nanoscale is considered to resolve biofilm formation. Here we studied the effect of iron-oxide nanoparticles over biofilm formation on different biomaterial surfaces and pluronic coated surfaces. Bacterial adhesion for 30 min showed significant reduction in bacterial adhesion on pluronic coated surfaces compared to other surfaces. Subsequently, bacteria were allowed to grow for 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of iron-oxide nanoparticles. A significant reduction in biofilm growth was observed in the presence of the highest concentration of iron-oxide nanoparticles on pluronic coated surfaces compared to other surfaces. Therefore, combination of polymer brush coating and iron-oxide nanoparticles could show a significant reduction in biofilm formation.

Dual-Targeting Approach Degrades Biofilm Matrix and Enhances Bacterial Killing

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ren ◽  
D. Kim ◽  
A.J. Paula ◽  
G. Hwang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dual Targeting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix

Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor responsible for a wide range of infectious diseases, including dental caries. Cariogenic biofilms are structured microbial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix that affords bacterial adhesion-cohesion and drug tolerance, making them difficult to treat using conventional antimicrobial monotherapy. Here, we investigated a multitargeted approach combining exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix-degrading glucanohydrolases with a clinically used essential oils–based antimicrobial to potentiate antibiofilm efficacy. Our data showed that dextranase and mutanase can synergistically break down the EPS glucan matrix in preformed cariogenic biofilms, markedly enhancing bacterial killing by the antimicrobial agent (3-log increase versus antimicrobial alone). Further analyses revealed that an EPS-degrading/antimicrobial (EDA) approach disassembles the matrix scaffold, exposing the bacterial cells for efficient killing while concurrently causing cellular dispersion and “physical collapse” of the bacterial clusters. Unexpectedly, we found that the EDA approach can also selectively target the EPS-producing cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans with higher killing specificity (versus other species) within mixed biofilms, disrupting their accumulation and promoting dominance of commensal bacteria. Together, these results demonstrate a dual-targeting approach that can enhance antibiofilm efficacy and precision by dismantling the EPS matrix and its protective microenvironment, amplifying the killing of pathogenic bacteria within.

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