Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq.

A low shrub growing in the Amazonian region, Piper marginatum Jacq. has been related to the treatment of a disease variety in folk medicine, however, still lacking scientific support. This study aimed to describe the composition of essential oils obtained from leaves (EOL) and branches (EOB) of P. marginatum and their antimicrobial effects on six relevant pathogenic bacteria. A combination of GC-FID and GC-MS was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. As antimicrobial assays, the oils were screened at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µg/ml for planktonic and biofilm inhibition. EOL revealed the presence of trans–nerolidol, o–cymene, spathulenol, elemicin, and α–copaene, while EOB composition was mainly of myristicin, trans-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, α–copaene, γ–muurolene and spathulenol. The strongest inhibition of planktonic growth was achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EOB) and Escherichia coli (EOB). Overall, Gram negative bacteria were more sensitive to both EOB/EOL showing less ability of growth and biofilm formation. The Gram-positive strains seemed to react to the essential oils by massive adhesion. Our results corroborate the relevance of Piperaceae and indicate the possible use of P. marginatum in future developments of antimicrobials.

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Piper Essential Oils Inhibit Rhizopus oryzae Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Rhizopuspepsin Activity

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2018/5295619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Catia A. Almeida ◽

Mariana M. B. Azevedo ◽

Francisco C. M. Chaves ◽

Marcelo Roseo de Oliveira ◽

Igor A. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Total Inhibition ◽

Activity Screening ◽

Bioactive Potential

Piper is the largest genus of the Piperaceae family. The species of this genus have diverse biological activities and are used in pharmacopeia throughout the world. They are also used in folk medicine for treatment of many diseases in several countries including Brazil, China, India, Jamaica, and Mexico. In Brazil, Piper species are distributed throughout the national territory, making this genus a good candidate for biological activity screening. During our studies with Piper essential oils, we evaluated its activity against Rhizopus oryzae, the main agent of mucormycosis. The main compounds of seven Piper essential oils analyzed were Piper callosum—safrole (53.8%), P. aduncum—dillapiole (76.0%), P. hispidinervum—safrole (91.4%), P. marginatum—propiopiperone (13.2%), P. hispidum—γ-terpinene (30.9%), P. tuberculatum—(E)-caryophyllene (30.1%), and Piper sp.—linalool (14.6%). The minimum inhibitory concentration of Piper essential oils against R. oryzae ranged from 78.12 to >1250 μg/mL. The best result of total inhibition of biofilm formation was obtained with Piper sp. starting from 4.88 μg/mL. Considering the bioactive potential of EOs against planktonic cells and biofilm formation of R. oryzae could be of great interest for development of antimicrobials for therapeutic use in treatment of fungal infection.

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Maipomycin A, a Novel Natural Compound With Promising Anti-biofilm Activity Against Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.598024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Junliang Zhang ◽

Xiaoyan Liang ◽

Shiling Zhang ◽

Zhiman Song ◽

Changyun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Iron Chelator ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Gram Negative ◽

X Ray Crystallography ◽

Actinomycete Strain

Pathogenic bacterial biofilms play an important role in recurrent nosocomial and medical device-related infections. Once occurred, the complex structure of the biofilm promotes the development of antibiotic resistance and becomes extremely difficult to eradicate. Here we describe a novel and effective anti-biofilm compound maipomycin A (MaiA), which was isolated from the metabolites of a rare actinomycete strain Kibdelosporangium phytohabitans XY-R10. Its structure was deduced from analyses of spectral data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. This natural product demonstrated a broad spectrum of anti-biofilm activities against Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, the addition of Fe(II) or Fe(III) ions could block the biofilm inhibition activity of MaiA because it is an iron chelator. However, not all iron chelators showed biofilm inhibition activity, suggesting that MaiA prevents biofilm formation through a specific yet currently undefined pathway. Furthermore, MaiA acts as a synergist to enhance colistin efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii. Our results indicate that MaiA may potentially serve as an effective antibiofilm agent to prevent Gram-negative biofilm formation in future clinical applications.

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Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666191112155905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 270-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fazlurrahman Khan ◽

Dung T.N. Pham ◽

Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽

Young-Mog Kim

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Quorum Quenching ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

High Concentration ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

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Essential Oils of Aromatic Plants with Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9040147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marlon Cáceres ◽

William Hidalgo ◽

Elena Stashenko ◽

Rodrigo Torres ◽

Claudia Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Biofilm Inhibition

Both the ability of bacteria to form biofilms and communicate through quorum sensing allows them to develop different survival or virulence traits that lead to increased bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotic therapy. Here, seventeen essential oils (EOs) were investigated for the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities on Escherichia. coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O33, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. All essential oils were isolated from plant material by using hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was performed by using the microdilution technique. Subinhibitory concentrations of each EO were assayed for biofilm inhibition in both bacterial strains. Quantification of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 was performed for the anti-quorum sensing activity. The cytotoxicity activity of the EOs was evaluated on Vero cell line by using MTT method. Thymol-carvacrol-chemotype (I and II) oils from Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris oil exhibited the higher antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 0.37–0.75 mg/mL. In addition, these EOs strongly inhibited the biofilm formation and violacein (QS) production in a concentration-dependent manner, highlighting thymol-carvacrol-chemotype (II) oil as the best candidate for further studies in antibiotic design and development against bacterial resistance.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Individual and Combined Essential Oils against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-392 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

FATIMA REYES-JURADO ◽

AURELIO LÓPEZ-MALO ◽

ENRIQUE PALOU

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Mustard Essential Oil

ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer), mustard (Brassica nigra), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) were evaluated alone and in binary combinations against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, or Salmonella Enteritidis. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The MICs of the evaluated essential oils ranged from 0.05 to 0.50% (vol/vol). Mustard essential oil was the most effective, likely due to the presence of allyl isothiocyanate, identified as its major component. Furthermore, mustard essential oil exhibited synergistic effects when combined with either Mexican oregano or thyme essential oils (fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.75); an additive effect was obtained by combining thyme and Mexican oregano essential oils (fractional inhibitory concentration index = 1.00). These results suggest the potential of studied essential oil mixtures to inhibit microbial growth and preserve foods; however, their effect on sensory quality in selected foods compatible with their flavor needs to be assessed.

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Removing Legionella pneumophila and biofilms from water supply systems using plant essential oils

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2017.140 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Ozgur Ceylan ◽

Bulent Turasay

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Thyme Oil ◽

Lemon Oil

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), peppermint (Mentha x piperita) and lemon (Citrus limonum) essential oils (EOs), supplied as commercial preparations, were investigated on Legionella pneumophila. Results showed that all EOs had antibacterial activity. Lemon oil demonstrated the best activity, with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values detected as 0.83–1.25 and 1.25–3.75 μL/mL, respectively. Antibiofilm activities of EOs were studied in two ways: (1) inhibition of biofilm formation at subMIC concentrations; and (2) eradication of preformed biofilms at MIC and subMIC concentrations. The highest biofilm inhibition values were 63.3, 45.5, 35.6 and 23%, and the highest eradication values were 34.2, 16.7, 39.4 and 31.9% for lemon oil, peppermint oil, sage oil and thyme oil, respectively. Lemon oil was detected to have the highest antibiofilm activity, as with antibacterial activity. The minimum antibiofilm activity was found for thyme oil. For all the EOs, the inhibition of biofilm formation was higher than the eradication of preformed biofilms at the same concentrations. The results suggested that EOs of lemon, peppermint, sage and thyme had the potential for being used in the removal of L. pneumophila from potable water systems, due to their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.

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Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1071/sp16005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽

Riteshma Devi ◽

Surendra Prasad

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Agent ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Fractions and Compounds from Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2004-9-1009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (9-10) ◽

pp. 657-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Juliana B. Pretto ◽

Valdir Cechinel-Filho ◽

Vânia F. Noldin ◽

Mara R. K. Sartori ◽

Daniela E. B Isaias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Calophyllum Brasiliense

Abstract Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae) is a native Brazilian medicinal plant traditionally used against several diseases, including infectious pathologies. Crude methanolic extracts (CME) and two fractions, denoted non-polar (soluble in chloroform) and polar (nonsoluble in chloroform), were prepared from different parts of the plant (roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) and studied. The following compounds were isolated and tested against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): brasiliensic acid (1), gallic acid (2), epicatechin (3), protocatechuic acid (4), friedelin (5) and 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (6). The results indicated that all the parts of the plant exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, which are selectively inhibited by components of C. brasiliense. No activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts tested. Regarding the isolated compounds, substance 4 showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, whereas compound 6 exhibited antimicrobial activity only against Gram-positive bacteria. The results from the current study confirm and justify the popular use of this plant to treat infectious processes.

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The Effect of the plant Adiantum philippense Extracts on Biofilms Formation and Adhesion to Shigella flexneri: A Predictive Modelling Approach

Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.54987/jobimb.v9i2.615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Garba Uba ◽

Abdulhadi Yakubu ◽

Abdussamad M. Baba

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Predictive Modelling ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

A Value ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Modelling Approach

In the quest for novel bioactive metabolites, which can also be used as therapeutic agents, Adiantum philippense (A. philippense), an ethnomedically important fern, has become a fascinating herb. In this study, the predictive mathematical modelling of A. philippense crude extract was tested against Shigella flexneri, a common food pathogen for its phytochemical constituents, antagonistic ability, and effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was calculated. Various kinetics models such as Von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, Modified Richards, Modified Gompertz, Modified Logistics and latest Huang were used to get values for the above kinetic constants or parameters. modified Gompertz of the entire model was found to be the best model with the highest adjusted R2 value and lowest RMSE value. The accuracy and bias factors values were close to unity (1.0). The maximum specific growth rate (mmax (h-1) for S. flexneri treatment with A. philippense extract was significantly much lower (p<0.05) with a value of 0.292 (95% confidence interval of 0.254 to 0.331) compared to control with a value of 0.540 (95% confidence interval of 0.481 to 0.599) indicating potential biofilm inhibition.

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Influence of essential oils on the biofilm formation and cell agglomeration of Burkholderia cepacia from industrial environment

10.5194/biofilms9-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katrin Huth-Herms ◽

Alexander Kintzel ◽

Annika Brehmer ◽

Christoph Hein ◽

Prof. Dr. h. c. Dr.-Ing. Eckart Uhlmann

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Burkholderia Cepacia ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

The Impact

Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) is one of nine species the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria. Contamination by B. cepacia is found in different industrial issues. B. cepacia affect manufacturing process chains by contaminating the working fluids with planktonic cells and biofilms. Because of the opportunistic pathogenicity to plants, animals, humans and and the multi-drug resistance, B. cepacia is difficult to treat. An alternative treatment method could be the use of herbal raw materials, such as essential oils and their active ingredients. This study aims: (i) to identify the antimicrobial potential of essential oils on the growth of four B. cepacia isolates, (ii) to analyse the influence of active ingredients, on planktonic growth and biofilm formation, (iii) to better understand the impact of commercial and naturally biocides to cell agglomeration as a precursor to mature biofilms. Starting with agar dilution method to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of twenty-three essential oils against B. cepacia (Burk_09, Burk_23, Burk_52 and Burk_309) isolated from cathodic dip coating systems and the wild type (DSM_7288), it was all ready possible to identify eight essential oils that inhibit the growth of B. cepacia. Serial microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oils for growth and biofilm formation inhibition of B. cepacia. The MIC of Melaleuca alternifolia and Citrus aurantium dulcis essential oils were tested equally for all strains. Essential oils contain active ingredients against the growth of multi-drug resistant and pathogenic bacteria. From twelve active substances among others, Terpinen-4-ol and Geraniol were identified that inhibited growth and biofilm formation. It is concluded that essential oils and active ingredients have a good antimicrobial potential, demonstrating a possible more environmental-friendly alternative to commercial biocides applying in industrial fluids.

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