scholarly journals Distribution of Neurokinin 2 and 3 Receptor mRNA In the Normal Equine Gastrointestinal Tract and Effect of Inflammation on Neurokinin 1, 2, And 3 Receptor mRNA In the Equine Jejunum.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Neurokinin Receptor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nk2 Receptor ◽  
Neurokinin 1

Abstract Objectives – To quantify neurokinin 2 and 3 receptor mRNA from nine regions throughout the equine intestinal tract, and to evaluate the effect of jejunal ischemia/reperfusion and intraluminal obstruction on neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptor mRNA. Methods – Specimens were harvested from 5 adult horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal disease for the study of normal distribution of neurokinin receptor mRNA. Jejunal segments from 6 healthy adult horses subjected to intraluminal distension or ischemia/reperfusion injury were harvested to study the influence of inflammation on neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptor mRNA expression. RNA was isolated from normal tissues and also from tissues that underwent either a sham operation (control), 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion (ISO), or 120 minutes of intraluminal distension (ILD) as part of an inflammatory model. RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA. NK2 and NK3 primers were designed and mRNA was quantified using real-time PCR for all experimental groups. Results – Expression of NK2 receptor mRNA was highest for the duodenum and the body of the cecum. NK3 mRNA expression had high variability. In the inflammatory model, no statistical significant difference was noted between treatment groups for NK1 or NK3 receptor mRNA. NK2 receptor mRNA expression was significantly decreased for ILD when compared to control. Conclusions –The description of neurokinin receptor mRNA distribution throughout the equine intestinal tract is an important initial step towards determining potential clinical applications of tachykinin agonists and antagonists, as well as their role in gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion and intraluminal obstruction injury.

Abstract P489: Effect of Continuous Intake of Hesperidin on Blood Pressure in 2-kidney, 1-clip Renovasucular Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayuna Yamaoka ◽  
Yukiko Segawa ◽  
Saki Maruyama ◽  
Natsumi Saito ◽  
Hiroko Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enos Mrna

Objective: Hesperidin (HES) is a flavonoid which is contained in citrus fruit peel. It has physiological effects on blood vessels such as strengthening capillary vessels. Thus, it is known to be one of the effective ingredients of herbal medicine. Some studies have shown that the intake of HES decreases blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The antihypertensive effect of HES is suggested to be due to vasodilation by nitric oxide (NO). However, its mechanism has not been clarified in detail. In this study, we observed whether HES intake decreases BP in 2-kidney, 1-clip renovasucular hypertensive rats (2K1C) and evaluated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA to investigate its role in the mechanism. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were treated with sham operation (SHAM) or clipping the left renal artery (2K1C). After surgery, the rats started receiving continuously a control diet (C) or a diet containing 0.1% (w/w) HES for 6 weeks. The systolic BP (SBP) was measured by a tail-cuff method every week. At the end of the protocol, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured in each rat under anesthesia. Then, the aortas were removed for extracting mRNA. eNOS mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. Results: At the end of the protocol, SBP in 2K1C-C was significantly higher than in SHAM-C (170±6 vs 117±6 mmHg, p <0.001). On the other hand, 2K1C-HES was lower in SBP (141±4 mmHg) than 2K1C-C ( p <0.01). There were no significant differences between SHAM-HES (122±7 mmHg) and SHAM-C. MAP at the end of the protocol were similar to in SBP. ANOVA revealed mRNA expression of eNOS was significantly higher in 2K1C than in SHAM ( p <0.05), and showed no significant difference between C and HES, nor a significant interaction. Conclusion: Continuous intake of HES may suppress BP increase in 2K1C. The role of eNOS mRNA expression may not be involved in the mechanism.

scholarly journals Neurokinin-1 receptor mRNA expression differences in brains of HIV-infected individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 272 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Douglas ◽  
Kevin G. Lynch ◽  
Jian-Ping Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Neurokinin 1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Neurokinin 1

Electro-acupuncture on Nei Guan and Bai Hui: How Does It Affect GRP78 and Caspase-12 Gene Expression in Rats with Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Jing Shen ◽  
Xiao-Ming Lei ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Xing Tan ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Caspase 12 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operation Group

Abstract Objective: To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) on GRP78 and Caspase-12 gene expression in rats with ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) by stimulation on Nei Guan (PC6) and Bai Hui (GV20) points, so that to understand whether or not the protective effects of acupuncture is related to endocytoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressapoptosis passage. Methods: 50 rats were randomly assigned to five groups (10 in each group): normal control(A), pseudo-operation(B), operation(C), Edaravone(D) and EA(E). The ischemia/reperfusion model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established by suture embolic method. TUNEL staining method was employed to measure the apoptosis index of nerve cells in rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to measure the mRNA expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12. Results: Compared with normal group and pseudo-operation group, the apoptosis indexes and mRNA expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 in operation group, Edaravone group and EA group were increased, with statistical significance（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）; compared with operation group, the apoptosis indexes and Caspase-12 mRNA expression in Edaravone group and EA group were decreased（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）, but GRP78 mRNA expression were increased（P＜0.01）; there were no significant difference between Edaravone group and EA group on the above indexes（P＞0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture on Nei Guan and Bai Hui points could effectively suppress the nerve cell apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. The underlying mechanism might be related to upregulation of the ERS-protective GRP78 expression and downregulation of apoptosis-promotion Caspase-12 expression.

Neurokinin receptor gene expression in substantia nigra: localization, regulation, and potential physiological significance

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bannon ◽  
Christopher J. Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Neurokinin Receptor ◽  
Neurokinin 1 ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression ◽  
Human Substantia Nigra

Neurokinin receptor gene expression within the rat and human substantia nigra was examined in detail. In the rat, the relative abundances of nigral neurokinin receptor mRNAs were neurokinin 3 > neurokinin 1 [Formula: see text] neurokinin 2. High levels of neurokinin 3 mRNA were localized to dopamine neurons, as determined by dopamine cell lesions and colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. Stimulation of nigral neurokinin 3 receptors activated dopamine cells, as evidenced by increases in striatal dopamine metabolism and in a postsynaptic measure of dopamine neurotransmission (i.e., striatal substance P encoding mRNA). These and other anatomical and physiological data suggest that in the rat, substance P (released from striatonigral neurons) may act on nigral nondopamine cells through neurokinin 1 receptors, while the substance P cotransmitter neurokinin A may act preferentially on nigral dopamine neurons through neurokinin 3 receptors. Interestingly, high levels of neurokinin 1 (but not neurokinin 3) receptor mRNA are seen within human substantia nigra dopamine cells. Thus drugs interacting with neurokinin receptors may prove to be of value in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders.Key words: neurokinin receptor, mRNA, dopamine, substantia nigra, human.

Abstract 622: Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in a Capsaicin Diet-Induced Alleviation of Blood Pressure-Elevation in 2-Kidney, 1-Clip Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Segawa ◽  
Hiroko Hashimoto ◽  
Tomoko Osera ◽  
Nobutaka Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enos Mrna

Objective: Capsaicin directly acts on the sensory nerve ending and releases neuropeptides, which activate a vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO) and decrease blood pressure (BP). We demonstrated that BP elevation was alleviated by consuming a low concentration of capsaicin diet in 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. We also observed that when 2K1C rats took the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, during the protocol, the effect of alleviating hypertension by dietary capsaicin was diminished. Thus, we hypothesized that NO is involved in the effect of capsaicin in 2K1C rats. In this study, to test the hypothesis, we observed endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression in 2K1C rats fed a diet containing capsaicin. Methods: Six-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with sham operation (SHAM) or clipping the left renal artery (2K1C). One week after the surgery, each group of rats were further divided into 2 groups randomly, which received either a control diet (CTL) or a diet containing 0.006% capsaicin (CAP) for 6 weeks. The systolic BP (SBP) was measured by a tail-cuff method once per week throughout the protocol. At the end of the protocol, MAP was measured in each rat under anesthesia. After euthanasia, the thoracic aortas were collected for extracting mRNA. Then, eNOS mRNA expression in aorta was evaluated in each group of rats by reverse transcriptase PCR. Results and Discussion: The present data of BP confirmed that capsaicin diet alleviates BP elevation in 2K1C rats. At six weeks after the surgery, SBP in 2K1C-CTL rats (183 ± 6 mmHg) was significantly higher than SHAM-CTL (124 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.05), but SBP in 2K1C-CAP (140 ± 4 mmHg) was significantly lower than that in 2K1C-CTL. SHAM-CAP (129 ± 8 mmHg) did not show a significant difference in SBP with SHAM-CTL. MAP at the end of the protocol showed the same tendency as SBP. Moreover, eNOS mRNA expression was enhanced in 2K1C-CTL (0.39 ± 0.06) compared to SHAM-CTL (0.31 ± 0.04, p < 0.05). Although it was not enhanced in SHAM-CAP (0.30 ± 0.01) compared to SHAM-CTL, it was tended to be enhanced in 2K1C-CAP (0.43 ± 0.02) compared to 2K1C-CTL. These data suggested that dietary capsaicin decreased BP with elevation of eNOS mRNA expression in 2K1C rats, but did not change eNOS mRNA nor BP in SHAM normotensive rats.

Effects of pomegranate peel extract on histopathology, testosterone levels and sperm of testicular torsion–detorsion induced in adult Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Beigi Boroujeni ◽  
Said Saied Shahrokhi ◽  
Mahdi Birjandi ◽  
Abolfazl Abbaszadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Beyranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, effects of pomegranate peel extract have been evaluated on decreasing the damage induced by testis torsion.MethodsIn this study, 30 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, experimental (1) and experimental (2). Control: no ischemia, received vehicle alone, exposed to sham operation. Experimental (1): Received the vehicle alone during ischemia followed by 60 days’ reperfusion. Experimental (2): After performing ischemia reperfusion, 500 mg/kg of pomegranate peel extract has been used for 60 days. Blood samples and sperm samples were collected. Testes were harvested and stained with haematoxylin and eosin to study the structure of seminiferous tubules.ResultsThe statistical comparison between sperm count and their viability and testosterone hormone amount showed a significant difference between control and experimental (1) groups and control and experimental (2) groups. The results showed an improvement of morphological condition of seminiferous tubules.ConclusionsPomegranate peel extract has revealed desirable changes on the effective parameters in infertility.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor Assay of Peripheral Blood T cells in Different Groups of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Saeid Taghiloo ◽  
◽  
Abolghasem Ajami ◽  
Mohsen Tehrani ◽  
Arezou Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and other tissues and organs of the body. Previous reports have demonstrated the imbalance of T helper (Th) subsets and Treg activity in the development, progression, and remission of RA. Here, we investigated the mRNA expression of four major transcription factors T-bet (Th1), GATA (Th2), RORc (Th17), and Foxp3 (Treg) in peripheral blood of different groups of RA patients. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 60 patients with RA, including 20 newly diagnosed, 20 under treatment, and 20 in remission, as well as 20 patients with osteoarthritis, and 20 age- and the sex-matched healthy individual were enrolled. Diagnosis and classification of patients were done according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. The relative mRNA expression of transcription factors, including T-bet, GATA, RORc, and Foxp3, was measured using qRT-PCR. Results: The relative expression of T-bet in RA patients was significantly increased in healthy controls (P = 0.002), while the relative expression of Foxp3 in RA patients was significantly decreased in healthy controls (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the expression of GATA3 or RORc among RA patients, healthy controls, and osteoarthritis group. Conclusions: The results indicate the importance of Th1 and Treg cells in RA; however, the role of Th17 cells appear to be of little importance in these patients. It seems that Th2 cells do not interfere with RA development.

scholarly journals Detection of full-length and truncated neurokinin-1 receptor mRNA expression in human brain regions

2008 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Lai ◽  
Avital Cnaan ◽  
Huaqing Zhao ◽  
Steven D. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Neurokinin 1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Neurokinin 1

Substance P (NK1)- and neurokinin A (NK2)-receptor gene expression in inflammatory airway diseases

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. L309-L317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Bai ◽  
D. Zhou ◽  
T. Weir ◽  
B. Walker ◽  
R. Hegele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection Assay ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nk1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Nk3 Receptor ◽  
Nk2 Receptor

The tachykinin neuropeptides substance P and neurokinin (NK) A have been postulated to participate in the inflammatory reaction in airways of smokers and asthmatics. We have examined the hypothesis that the expression of one or more of the three cloned tachykinin receptors (NK1, NK2, and NK3) is increased in inflammatory airway disorders, which could result in augmentation of the effect of released tachykinin neuropeptides. NK1 receptor and NK2 receptor but not NK3-receptor mRNA were detected by ribonuclease protection assay in RNA from both cartilaginous and membranous bronchi and subpleural lung. In lung samples containing membranous airways, NK2-receptor mRNA expression was increased fourfold in asthmatics compared with nonsmoking controls, whereas NK1-receptor mRNA levels were similar in the two groups. NK1- and NK2-receptor mRNA expression was increased twofold in smokers without airflow obstruction compared with nonsmokers, whereas NK1-receptor mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with smoking controls. In situ hybridization indicated NK1-receptor mRNA was expressed in submucosal glands and airway epithelial cells, whereas NK2-receptor and NK3-receptor mRNA were not detected. These observations have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of both asthma and tobacco smoke-induced airway inflammation.

scholarly journals Early type 1 diabetes aggravates renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Charleaux de Ponte ◽  
Vanessa Gerolde Cardoso ◽  
Guilherme Lopes Gonçalves ◽  
Juliana Martins Costa-Pessoa ◽  
Maria Oliveira-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
Early Diabetes ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Kidney Morphology

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the interaction between early diabetes and renal IR-induced AKI and to clarify the mechanisms involved. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups: (1) sham-operated; (2) renal IR; (3) streptozotocin (STZ—55 mg/kg/day) and sham operation; and (4) STZ and renal IR. On the 12th day after treatments, the animals were subjected to bilateral IR for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 48 h, at which time the animals were euthanized. Renal function was assessed by plasma creatinine and urea levels, as well urinary protein contents. Kidney morphology and gene and protein expression were also evaluated. Compared to the sham group, renal IR increased plasma creatinine, urea and albuminuria levels and decreased Nphs1 mRNA expression and nephrin and WT1 protein staining. Tubular injury was observed with increased Havcr1 and Mki67 mRNA expression accompanied by reduced megalin staining. Renal IR also resulted in increased SQSTM1 protein expression and increased proinflammatory and profibrotic factors mRNA expression. Although STZ treatment resulted in hyperglycemia, it did not induce significant changes in renal function. On the other hand, STZ treatment aggravated renal IR-induced AKI by exacerbating renal dysfunction, glomerular and tubular injury, inflammation, and profibrotic responses. Thus, early diabetes constitutes a relevant risk factor for renal IR-induced AKI.

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