scholarly journals Structural-Semantic Analysis of English Proverbs with “Smile”

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2 (9)) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Stella Israyelyan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Integrity

The present article specifies the place of the proverbs with “smile” among set phrases based on their structural integrity, unity of sense and the syntactic role they play in a sentence. The analysis also provides their classification according to their meaning, type of the sentence and stylistic value.

scholarly journals Extending the embodied semiotic square: A cultural-semantic analysis of “Follow your Arrow”

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (236-237) ◽  
pp. 275-295
Author(s):  
Daniel Candel
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Field ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Cognitive Literary Theory ◽  
Authorial Voice

AbstractPelkey’s anchoring of the semiotic square in embodiment is excellent news for cognitive literary theory, a dynamic field still in search of itself. However, his validation of the square, though theoretically unexceptionable, suffers in the execution, for his interpretation of the country song “Follow your Arrow” is less successful. The present article benefits from Pelkey’s validation as it organizes a tool of cultural-semantic analysis (CS-tool) as a ‘deviant’ semiotic square. The article then shows how this particular semiotic square allows us to analyze the song in terms which build on Pelkey’s analysis, but also arrive at more satisfying results. Where Pelkey sees liberation in the song and the square, the tool uncovers manipulation in the former and closure in the latter. The article then assesses the complementarity of and differences between the two squares: Pelkey works on a local sentence-level through direct implicature, thus following the narrative/authorial voice of the poem. The CS-tool starts from a position of higher abstraction requiring a less defined, but still sufficient and more wide-ranging, three-step implicature. This allows the tool to step back from the song’s authorial voice and uncover its manipulations. The article closes by discussing the deviant features of the present square.

A Cognitive Analysis of the PrepositionOVER: Image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-474
Author(s):  
Souma Mori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractDewell (1994), following Brugman (1981) and Lakoff (1987), provides a semantic analysis ofoverby relying more exclusively on image-schema transformations than did Brugman and Lakoff. The Brugman-Lakoff-Dewell analysis, however, can be improved by using simpler image-schemas, more natural image-schema transformations, and metaphorical extensions. A key idea adopted in the present article is to capture both trajectors and landmarks three-dimensionally and topologically. This modification brings about the elimination of unessential features such as the shape and size of the trajector and the landmark, contact/non-contact between the trajector and the landmark, and physical properties of the trajector. Its main advantage is that a central image-schema for a semicircular path provides the basis for explaining all of the senses ofoverusing natural image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions. The proposed image-schema transformations include: segment profiling, profiling the endpoint of access paths, the profiled peak position of the semicircular path with the constraint that the rest of the semicircular path is excluded, and the extension of the semicircular path-trajectory to an image of covering. The proposed metaphorical senses aretime, means,andcontrol.In addition, the radial category relating each sense ofoveris presented.

Dynamic mixing or archaic retention?

Diachronica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Analyse Comparative

Summary This paper discusses the usage of done in ‘she’s done send the photographs’ as a marker of completive aspect in the variety of English spoken on the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic Ocean. The article outlines the various positions scholars have taken with reference to the diachronic status of ‘completive done’ and discusses the structural properties of the (aux)+ done V construction in Tristan da Cunha English (TdCE). The aim of the analysis is twofold: first, to present a structural and semantic analysis of done as a marker of perfective aspect, with the aim of investigating if TdCE done has taken a different syntactic and semantic trajectory vis-à-vis its use in other varieties; and second, to explain the sociohistorical origins of done in this variety of South Atlantic English. The comparative analysis shows that particularly the structural properties of TdCE done differ significantly from those of other varieties; the diachronic examination shows the complexity of determining the contributions of transplant varieties, mixing of colonial varieties of English, and independent developments that originate in creolisation and/or language contact. Zusammenfassung Der folgende Artikel untersucht den Gebrauch des englischen Partizips done, zum Beispiel in ‘she’s done send the photographs’, als kompletiven Aspektmarker in einem auf Tristan da Cunha im Südatlantik gesprochenen Dialekt der englischen Sprache. Der Artikel fasst die diversen diachronischen Standpunkte zusammen, zu welchen andere Studien zu diesem Thema gekommen sind, und untersucht die strukturellen Eigenschaften der (aux)+ done V Konstruktion in Tristan da Cunha English (TdCE). Die Analyse hat die folgenden zwei Hauptziele: erstens, die strukturellen und semantischen Charakteristika von done als kompletiven Aspektmarker aufzuzeigen, speziell auf die Frage hin, ob die strukturellen Eigenschaften von TdCE done sich deutlich von anderen Dialekten unterscheiden; und zweitens, die soziohistorischen Ursprünge von done in diesem südatlantischen Dialekt darzulegen. Die Komparative Analyse zeigt, dass sich TdCE done hauptsächlich in seinen strukturellen Eigenschaften von anderen Dialekten unterscheidet. Die diachronische Untersuchung zeigt die Komplexität der Darlegung von individuellen Beiträgen verschiedener exportierter Sprachformen, von der Durchmischung von kolonialen Dialekten der englischen Sprache, und von unabhängigen Entwicklungen, die ihren Ursprung in Kreolisierung und Sprachkontakt haben. Résumé Le présent article examine l’usage du participe anglais done, par exemple ‘she’s done send the photographs’, comme marqueur d’aspect complétif dans un dialecte anglais parlé sur l’Île de Tristan da Cunha dans l’Atlantique Sud. L’article commence avec un résumé des positions prises par d’autres linguistes qui ont travaillé sur cet usage distinct de done; il présente les positions diverses sur le statut diachronique de ce marqueur, et ensuite examine les propriétés structurelles de la construction (aux)+ done V qu’on trouve dans l’anglais de Tristan da Cunha (TdCE). L’analyse vise (1) à présenter un examen structurel et sémantique de done comme marqueur complétif, qui vise surtout à éclairer la question suivante: est-ce que done en TdCE a suivi une trajectoire syntaxique et sémantique différente de done dans d’autres dialectes anglais? et (2) à expliquer les origines sociohistoriques de done dans cette variété d’Anglais sud-atlantique. L’analyse comparative montre que ce sont surtout les propriétés structurelles de done en TdCE qui le séparent de ce marqueur dans d’autres dialectes; l’examen diachronique démontre la difficulté de déterminer précisément les facteurs qui auraient contribué aux particularités de ce marqueur: les contributions des dialectes transplantés, le mélange de variétés coloniales d’Anglais, et des développements indépendants remontant á la créolisation ou au contact entre langues.

Bridging the gap: Toward a cognitive semantic analysis of the Lithuanian superlexical prefix be-

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Korostenskienė
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present article explores the Lithuanian aspectual prefix be- from a cognitive perspective while building on the generative syntactic approach to be- as a superlexical prefix. The prefix be- is peculiar in that, while being able to stack on lower, the so-called lexical, prefixes, it is used to form a number of constructions, most notably those with continuative, prospective, or modality readings. In addition, it forms two separable compound prefixes, the continuative tebe- and discontinuative nebe-. Building on previous cognitive examinations of the English progressive and Slavic prefixation and incorporating the Ontological Semantic inventory of modalities, the prefix is approached in light of the Figure/ Ground distinction as well as the notion of epistemicity. The article focuses on the relationship holding between the prefix and modality-shaded meanings.

scholarly journals LEXICO-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE WORDS WITH THE MIDDLE DEGREE OF POLYSEMY DENOTING CONFLICT ACTIONS IN UKRAINIAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 154-168
Author(s):  
Oksana Myhalets
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Hostile Attitude

The purpose of the present article is to conduct the all-round study of the verbs with middle degree of polysemy denoting conflict actions in modern Ukrainian, taking into account their both lexico-semantic and system-structural characteristics. With the help of linguistic methods of research and the formalized analysis of lexical semantics, both common and distinctive features of lexemes in comparative aspect as well as their position and role in the semantic space of modern Ukrainian have been determined. Lexico-semantic study of the language units denoting conflict actions in modern Ukrainian made it possible to reveal them as a certain means of individual’s everyday activities and lives and to establish different ways of their expression both verbally and non-verbally. Conflict actions in Ukrainian are explained by 96 verbs with the middle degree of polysemy possessing 9–2 lexical meanings. The present article deals with the words in question with the middle degree of polysemy comprise 10 verbs characterized by 9–8 meanings. In the process of our lexico-semantic analysis, we have found common (to argue; to quarrel; to protest against someone or something; to resist against something; to urge; to instigate someone against somebody; to make war; to conquer; to overcome smth.; to compete for something) and distinctive (to show dissatisfaction violently; to disagree; to rage; to object to do something; try to repress or to conceal some feelings, desires; to clash with smb. or smth; to worry, to embarrass, to torment) features of the language units in question. Furthermore, their semantics expresses three stages of conflict actions: 1) the cause of conflict actions – to provoke; to incite; to bring someone against someone; to cause a hostile attitude to someone or something; to instigate; 2) the active stage of the process – to wrangle; to fight with, for or against someone/something; to struggle with, against smb. or smth.; to contend; 3) its result and consequences – to win in a dispute; to surpass smb.; to conquer the opponent; to force the enemy to retreat to a certain ambit, obstacles.

Translating Non-Denominational Concepts in Describing a Religious System: A semantic analysis of colonial dictionaries in Nahuatl and Yucatec

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
System A ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Mesoamerican Languages

In an earlier article (Pharo 2007), the author investigated how Spanish ethnographer-missionaries and missionary-linguists of the Colonial period translated the concept of ‘religion’ into various indigenous Mesoamerican languages. In the present article, he concedes that “assorted Mesoamerican notions may well together, as a family of concepts, be subordinated to the abstract superior concept of ‘religion’. Other relevant modern Spanish concepts like ‘sagrado’, ‘creencia’, ‘ritual’ and ‘costumbre’ etc. can thus be studied in the dictionaries.” In particular ‘costumbre’ (“custom”, “habit”) proves to be a central word among present-day Mesoamericans, not only to circumscribe their own religious practice, but also to designate ‘religion’ as well. As a result, the author, this time, analyses Spanish concepts associated with religion — but not exclusively with Christianity, i.e., neutral religious notions are the object of the analysis — translated into Nahuatl and Yucatec as recorded in colonial period dictionaries. The general hypothesis is that the dictionaries, in particular the Vocabulario (1555 and 1571) by the Franciscan Alonso de Molina (1514–1585), constituted a pedagogical strategy of transculturation at this early stage of the mission, not a radical linguistic attempt at acculturation, in order to transmit the unfamiliar Christian notions (such as conversion) to the natives of Mesoamerica.

On kuppuru, kippēr and Etymological Sins that Cannot be Wiped Away

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
Yitzhaq Feder
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Lexical Data ◽  
Prevailing View

AbstractThe discovery of Mesopotamian ritual texts employing the term kuppuru (“rub, wipe”) has been a major turning point in the semantic analysis of Hebrew kippēr. It is now commonplace to find the Hebrew term interpreted in light of the concrete sense of the Akkadian, yielding the notion of “wiping away” sin. The present article demonstrates why this prevailing view is untenable by means of 1) analysis of the lexical data, 2) identification of common misconstruals of this evidence, and 3) comparison of the kuppuru / kippēr relationship to the largely analogous case of Akkadian salāu (“sprinkle”) and Hebrew sāla (“forgive”).

Electron Beam Damage of Biomolecules Assessed by Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

High-Resolution electron crystallography of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex from chloroplast membranes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-610
Author(s):  
Werner Kühlbrandt ◽  
Da Neng Wang ◽  
K.H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Lhc Ii ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
2D Crystals

The light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex (LHC-II) is the most abundant membrane protein in the chloroplasts of green plants where it functions as a molecular antenna of solar energy for photosynthesis. We have grown two-dimensional (2d) crystals of the purified, detergent-solubilized LHC-II . The crystals which measured 5 to 10 μm in diameter were stabilized for electron microscopy by washing with a 0.5% solution of tannin. Electron diffraction patterns of untilted 2d crystals cooled to 130 K showed sharp spots to 3.1 Å resolution. Spot-scan images of 2d crystals were recorded at 160 K with the Berkeley microscope . Images of untilted crystals were processed, using the unbending procedure by Henderson et al . A projection map of the complex at 3.7Å resolution was generated from electron diffraction amplitudes and high-resolution phases obtained by image processing .A difference Fourier analysis with the same image phases and electron diffraction amplitudes recorded of frozen, hydrated specimens showed no significant differences in the 3.7Å projection map. Our tannin treatment therefore does not affect the structural integrity of the complex.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document