scholarly journals PERPETUATING THE MEMORY OF SOVIET SOLDIERS WHO PERISHED DURING THE LIBERATION OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM NAZISM DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1944–1991): THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Obernikhin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Army Soldiers

Comprehensive studying the experience of state and military structures in preserving and care of military cemeteries and places of memory about the heroic actions of the Red Army outside Russia, is gaining more and more theoretical significance and practical value. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of the study dedicated to perpetuating the memory of Soviet soldiers who perished when liberating European countries from Nazism during the Great Patriotic War (chronology of events in 1944-1991). There are no special scientific works devoted to this topic that comprehensively consider the activities of the official structures of the Soviet Union abroad. The methodological basis of the research is the modern theory of society cognition, based on the concept of universal connections in its socio-economic, political and cultural life, and the dialectical approach to the analysis of social phenomena. The author analyses various aspects of the problem taking into account the immediate historical situation, reveals objective patterns that determined the goals and content of the process of preserving the memory of fallen Soviet soldiers, he studies the activities of the official structures of the Soviet Union abroad to perpetuate the memory of the Red Army soldiers who perished during the Great Patriotic War when liberating European countries from Nazism. In the course of the study, the author solved a number of tasks: transformation in the order of personal casualty records in the Red Army was investigated; the features of organizing the process of burial of the deceased and creation of military cemeteries in the territory of European states were established, as well as the existing classification of military graves was confirmed; the reasons for the large-scale loss of names of Red Army soldiers who died when liberating European countries from Nazism were determined; the main stages of the process of consolidation and preservation of Soviet military cemeteries in the territory of European countries were determined; the process of creating memorial structures and objects in Central and Eastern Europe was analyzed and its features were established; implementation of commemorative practices which formed in the Soviet times the historical memory about Red Army’s liberation mission in European countries; the author defines the peculiarities of inter-state cooperation on the issues of restoration and preservation of Soviet military graves and monuments in European countries; he defines the classification of the process of perpetuating the memory of Soviet soldiers in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The study performed suggests that it was during the enlargement of the Soviet military cemeteries after the war that a large-scale loss of the names of the fallen Red Army soldiers occurred. The process of creating memorials and arranging military necropolis in the European countries had a systematic character. The Soviet Union used various commemorative practices, with the help of which the historical memory of the Red Army’s liberation mission in Europe was formed.

Memorial complexes – cultural and historical heritage of future generations

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Татьяна Спатарь-Козаченко ◽  
Tatyana Spatar-Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Republic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Village

The article is devoted to the Great Patriotic War, the Iasi-Chisinau and Uman-Botoshani offensives, the glorious feats of the Soviet sons on the battlefields and in the rear, who were able to save the world from the fascist tyranny. Uman-Botoshani offensive began March 5, 1944. The author tells about this complicated operation, which has resulted to the releasing of southern regions of Right Bank of Ukraine, part of the Moldavian Soviet republic, as a result, the Red Army crossed the Soviet border, entering the territory of the Romanian kingdom. The important role of the Iasi-Kishinev operation is emphasized, which began on August 20, 1944. During these battles was destroyed largest German-Romanian grouping is in this area. The author offers the route visiting of battle glory places in the Republic of Moldova, where the rise on pedestals legendary tanks T-34-85. The monument "Tank" to liberators of northern Beltsy city - battle tank T-34, which was struck in the fighting in the course the Iasi-Kishinev operation. Many defenders of Beltsy became its honorable citizens: Hero of the Soviet Union B. Makeev, twice Hero of the Soviet Union I. Konev, three times Hero of the Soviet Union I. Kozhedub, three times Hero of the Soviet Union A. Pokryshkin. The second memorial is Mound of Glory in Dubossary. Kurgan stands on a man-made T-34. In 1968 from the Dniester River was extracted a fighting machine with the remains of the crew. In Tiraspol at the Memorial of Glory established the T-34-85. It is a monument to the fallen soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. The crew was perished in Hungary. In the Gagauz Comrat city August 22, 1989, was erected on a pedestal of the tank T-34 of the 36th a tank brigade, which has participated in battles for the city. The next point of our route is south of Moldova. Here, at the beginning of the war had taken an unequal battle and had fought heroically the border guards. On the road Cahul - Moscovei erected a monument "Tank", dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the victory over fascism. Between the villages of Leuseni-Onesti is situated a memorial complex with a monument to the Unknown Soldier. In 1941 in this place perished in an unequal battle with the occupiers soldiers of the 161th Moldovan infantry regiment. 25 years later the monument was erected - on top of the mountain on a pedestal stands a legendary machine T-34-85, which a quarter of a century has laid on the bottom of the river Prut. The last point of our route is the village Chinisheuzi in Rezina district. Villagers were initiators of fundraising for the construction of a tank column: from the residents of Moldova collected more than half a million rubles and built column "From Moldova workers." The article tells about the threat of the dismantling of monuments to soldiers-liberators and their protection of citizens of the republic. The silent witnesses of past battles of heroes of the Great Patriotic War are stand on pedestals, reminding for us, the descendants, that we must cherish the historical memory.

The beginning of the great Patriotic war in the memoirs of military surveyors

2020 ◽  
Vol 955 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
A.V. Nikonov ◽  
T.V. Vashchalova ◽  
E.I. Dolgov ◽  
S.V. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Military Units

On the eve of the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic war, the events of it continue to live in people’s memory, and its veterans are still the best examples of patriotism and true serving the Motherland. It seems relevant to take a look at the events of the first days of the war with the eyes of their witnesses. The authors describe the events of June and July 1941, presented in the memoirs of the militaries who served in the Red Army Military topographic service, and performed topographic works in the border zone in a significant separation from their military units and staffs. On the basis of the collected material the authors show the participation of topographic units in the fighting of the first days of the war, provide the data on the losses of the Red Army Military topographic service in the starting period of the war. The article is devoted to the memory of the officers and soldiers, who selflessly did their duty in the beginning of the Great Patriotic war.

Wars

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Baberowski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
World Power ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Town

This chapter looks at Stalinism during the Great Patriotic War. It first discusses Joseph Stalin's changing approaches to terror following the end of his policy of exterminatory violence. This shift is well illustrated by two incidents, one in September 1939 when Nikita Khrushchev traveled with Marshal Timoshenko to the town of Vynnyky. This episode shows that the Stalinist terror was also an instrument of ethnic cleansing with which the Stalinist regime did its best. The other incident was in 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The front-line soldiers of the Red Army were trapped in a cycle of violence from which there was no escape. This chapter considers how the Great Patriotic War allowed Stalinism to develop to its full potential. The Soviet Union had become a world power, and yet it could offer its subjects nothing but misery and slavery. Only the death of Stalin on March 5, 1953 put an end to Stalinism and with it, despotism.

scholarly journals Lend-lease Program through the Prism of Official and Ego Sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
O. Lysenko ◽  
O. Fil ◽  
L. Khoynatska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army

Discussions around various aspects of World War II in the world’s scientific space and memory field have continued throughout the postwar decades. Initially, they were determined by polar and antagonistic ideological paradigms, and after the end of the Cold War – the discovery and introduction into scientific circulation of previously classified sources, testing of avant-garde methods of scientific knowledge, the development of interpretive tools. In the late 1930s, the Soviet Union found itself virtually isolated, alone with the Axis bloc and their allies. It was difficult for the Soviet leadership to overcome the existing threats on its own, especially after the German attack. Only the realization by the Western Allies that Berlin’s aggressive course had become a global challenge made it possible to find a constructive way to join forces in the fight against a common enemy. One of the channels of cooperation between the states of the Anti-Hitler Coalition was the organization of supplies to the USSR of military equipment, ammunition, food, and materials necessary for the facilities of the Soviet military-industrial complex within the framework of the land lease program. Until recently, the problem of land lease was more in ideological discourse than in purely scientific. The currently available source base allows for an unbiased analysis of this phenomenon and elucidation of the place and role of foreign revenues to the USSR in strengthening its defense capabilities during the war against Germany and its allies. However, to this day, the researchers look out of focus, because of the perception of this phenomenon by veterans who fought on foreign military equipment, ate food from overseas. The authors of the article sees their task as combining these two dimensions of the lend-lease and finding out its impact not only on the scale of the large-scale armed confrontation, but also on the moral and psychological condition of the Red Army, for whom the war was an extremely difficult test.

Recent Literature on the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941–1945

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Alexander Hill
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army

Anthony Beevor, Stalingrad (London: Viking, 1998), 512 pp., £25.00, ISBN 0-670-87095-1. David Glanz, ed., The Initial Period of the War on the Eastern Front 22 June–August 1941 (London: Frank Cass, 1993, reprinted 1997), 511 pp., £22.50, ISBN 0-714-64298-3. David Glanz and Jonathan House, When Titans Clashed – How the Red Army Stopped Hitler (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1995), 414 pp., £14.50, ISBN 0-700-60899-0. Leonid Grenkevich, The Soviet Partisan Movement 1941–1944 (London: Frank Cass, 1999), 368 pp., £17.50, ISBN 0-714-64428-5. Mark Harrison, Accounting for war – Soviet production, employment and the defence burden, 1940-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 338 pp., £40.00, ISBN 0-521-48265-8. Richard Overy, Russia's War (London: Penguin, 1997), 394 pp., £20.00, ISBN 0-713-99223-9. V. A. Zolotarev et al., Velikaia Otechestvennaia voina 1941–1945. Kniga 1 – Surovie ispitaniia (Moscow: Nauka, 1998), 542 pp., ISBN 5-020-10136-2. V. A. Zolotarev et al., Velikaia Otechestvennaia voina 1941–1945. Kniga 2 – Perelom (Moscow: Nauka, 1998), 499 pp., ISBN 5-020-09736-5.

scholarly journals PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF S.AMANZOLOV OV DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Oskembay ◽  
◽  
F.K. Kabdrakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Military

The article provides an assessment of the patriotic education of S. Amanzholov's soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. A comprehensive analysis of S. Amanzholov's activities as a political leader is presented. The article provides new data on the use of heroic deeds of Kazakh batyrs by scientists to raise the military spirit of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, patriotism became the most important value in Soviet society. Selfless devotion to their Motherland manifested itself among millions of Soviet citizens and became a source of unprecedented mass heroism. From February 1942 to June 1946 S. Amanzholov was on active military service in the ranks of the Soviet Army. He conducted political and educational work among soldiers of non-Russian nationality, published in the Kazakh language the "Notebook of the Red Army Agitator" and leaflets about the heroes of the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals “Myths Making”: Western View of Soviet/Russian Historical Memory (Book Review: Davis, V. Myth Making in the Soviet Union and Modern Russia: Remembering World War Two in Brezhnev’s Hero City [Text] / V. Davis. – London : I.B. Taurus, 2018. – 351 p.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Oleg Romanko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Western View

Introduction. The publication is a review of the monograph of British researcher V. Davis, dedicated to the Soviet and Post-Soviet memory of the Great Patriotic War in the hero city of Novorossiysk. Methods and materials. Based on a significant set of published materials and oral interviews, the author characterizes discourse, memorials, and practices related to the genesis and subsequent development of the “myth about Malaya Zemlya”. From the methodological point of view, the peer-reviewed monograph is written from the position of the popular direction of memory studies in the West and is characterized by interdisciplinarity, increased attention to the analysis of memorial discourse, visual representations and social practices, while completely ignoring the complex of archival sources on the research topic. Analysis and Results. The main conclusion of the author is that through its association with L.I. Brezhnev’s biography during his reign, the “malozemelniy myth” became an important part of not only local but also national historical memory. Generally, the reviewed book is a valuable contribution to the study of the collective memory of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet and Post-Soviet period, and the debatable nature of its individual provisions can serve as an incentive for the emergence of new studies. The main disadvantage of the book in terms of its scientific significance is the author’s desire to impose on the reader non-obvious political conclusions about the total mythology of the Soviet/Post-Soviet memory of the Great Patriotic War, as well as the permanent militarism of public consciousness in the USSR/Russia.

scholarly journals IN MEMORY OF THE LEGENDARY COUNTRYMAN DAYAN MURZIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Ришат Нигматуллин
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Guerrilla Movement

In our country, 2020 has been declared the Year of Memory and Glory by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. More than 25 million citizens of our country gave their lives for the Victory. The Republic of Bashkortostan made a significant contribution to the victory over fascist Germany. The names of such heroes of the Great Patriotic War as Minigali Shaimuratov, Musa Gareev, Tagir Kusimov, Dayan Murzin, Alexander Matrosov and Minigali Gubaidullin became known outside the republic and country. The article is devoted to the combat path of Dayan Bayanovich Murzin, who was an active participant in the guerrilla movement and the Resistance Movement in Czechoslovakia, the hero of Czechoslovakia. The assistance of the Red Army to the Slovak popular uprising is examined, the role of the Soviet Union in the organization of the Resistance Movement in Eastern Europe is shown.

Memory Makers of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Anne E. Hasselmann
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
War Memory ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
War Commemoration

In the wake of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet museum curators began to establish a museal depiction of the war. This article analyzes these early beginnings of Soviet war commemoration and the curtailing of its surprising heterogeneity in late Stalinism. Historical research has largely ignored the impact of Soviet museum workers (muzeishchiki) on the evolution of Russian war memory. Archival material from the Red Army Museum, now renamed the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, in Moscow and the Belarus Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Minsk documents the unfolding of locally specific war exhibitions which stand in stark contrast to the later homogenized official Soviet war narrative. Yet war memory was not created unilaterally by the curators. Visitors also participated in its making, as the museum guestbooks demonstrate. As “sites of commemoration and learning,” early Soviet war exhibitions reveal the agency of the muzeishchiki and the involvement of the visitors in the “small events” of memory creation.

The War in the Historical Memory of Nations

2015 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Second World

There is no doubt that the most important event of the 20th century was a joint victory of the united front of peoples and states over German fascism. For some that was the victory in the Second World War. For the Russians - the victory in the Great Patriotic War which cost the Soviet Union incredible efforts, enormous sacrifices and material losses. Now when we celebrate the 70thyear since that epoch-making date we turn our attention once more to the lessons of history because the memory of the war has been imprinted deeply on our gene level of Russians and Germans. This is because every family from both sides sustained heavy losses. This memory is alive in literature, in movies and plays, songs, in memorials, biographies and historical dates. The Russian and German descendants of those who fought against each other are doing an important work searching for the killed, looking after the burial places, compensating the damage to the victims of this inhuman massacre, trying to understand critically our common and controversial past. What was the 9th of May for the Germans and the Russians in the perception of Germans and Russians? Was it a victory, a defeat or liberation? This is what the author of the article reflects on, convinced that we are anyway dealing with the greatest event of the 20th century, at least because it prevented the end of civilization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document